This essay examines women's choir music from a musical perspective, to give contrast to the several previous cultural and sociological studies. The method used was a combination of literature study, an interview with former women’s choir founder and conductor Robert Sund and a music analysis of five different women’s choir pieces. The analysis showed that the sound and compositional practices in the genre stems from the challenges of the genre historically, and the uniqueness of the woman’s voice and the woman itself. Examples of these are compositional techniques like close voicings, challenging the range of the singers, or music put to lyrical themes of, for example, feminism. The challenges to the genre are something that has evolved it in the last 40 years, and in some cases things that will possibly evolve both women’s choir music further and choir music in general in the future.

Published Article / Discourse on translation studies is situated in this article outside linguistics, in musical studies. Contextualising and problematising issues when music from African choir culture is translated for non-Africans (Westerners) to perform, the main problem - translation as negotiation - is explored together with notions of hybridity, the 'Third Space', boundaries, identity, authenticity and cultural compatibility within performance contexts. Cultural studies bring to linguistics a wider perspective of translation; how translation studies relate to other disciplines and expressive forms, like music. The researchers argue that translation of African choir music for performance by non-Africans can only be achieved in cultural dialogue.

A música de Gilberto Mendes tem influenciado muitos compositores dentro e fora da universidade, dada a projeção que sua obra adquiriu, sobretudo ao longo da segunda metade do século XX. Sendo Gilberto Mendes um compositor versátil, escreveu inúmeros gêneros musicais, para diversas formações instrumentais, tendo ainda trabalhado com novas formas e sonoridades inspiradas, sobretudo, pela segunda escola de Viena e escola de Damstadt. Ao atentarmo-nos para o volume da obra coral, deparamo-nos com uma quantidade expressiva de obras para essa formação. Logo, ao debruçarmo-nos sobre essa forma de música coral onde a integração de duas Artes - Poesia e Música - que evidencia toda a sua capacidade musical e linguística inovadora, tivemos, pois, que buscar ferramentas de análise capazes de abordar a obra com profundidade, de modo que os diversos aspectos componentes das obras não fossem deixados de lado. Obviamente, também o contexto em que a obra musical fora produzida, as influências marcantes e evidentes e o depoimento do próprio compositor acerca de sua criação são fundamentais para a construção, permanência e perpetuação da própria obra. O livro de Nicholas Cook, \"Analysing Musical Multimedia\", oferece ferramentas acerca da abordagem com a qual poderemos analisar a singularidade desta obra que é, em essência, multimidiática, pois traz em si a conjunção de diferentes formas de arte (no caso, duas: poesia e música), gerando inúmeras possibilidades linguísticas. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em fichar a bibliografia básica, entrevistar o compositor Gilberto Mendes e o regente Roberto Martins, que regeu, praticamente, toda a obra coral do compositor, buscar e analisar as obras, e escrever a dissertação, ou seja, os resultados desta pesquisa. Os critérios de seleção das obras incluem aquelas para coral a capella que tenham texto dos poetas que compõem o grupo Noigandres - Augusto e Haroldo de Campos, e Décio Pignatari, expoentes da Poesia Concreta no Brasil. Logo, esperamos contribuir para o delineamento do perfil de uma obra substanciosa, cuja influência estende-se sobre o meio artístico e musical até os dias de atuais, e explorar os aspectos da linguagem deste que, sem dúvida, é um compositor relevante no cenário musical brasileiro e mundial. / The music by Gilberto Mendes have influenced composer in and out of university because of the importance such works acquired through second half of XXth century. As a versatile composer that Gilberto Mendes is, he wrote many musical genres for many musical formations, new sonorities and forms inspired by the Second School of Wien and the School of Damstadt. By looking after the volume of his choir works it\'s possible to see an expressive amount of music written by him for this formation. By looking at this form of choir music where the integration of two forms of Art - Poetry and Music - which highlights all its musical and linguistic innovative capabilities, we so had to look after analytic tools that could approach deeply the works so that the many component aspects of these works won\'t be left aside. Obviously the context in which the work was made, the remarkable and evident influences, and the composer\'s own account about his creations are also basic on constructing, remaining and perpetration of the very works. The book \"Analyzing Musical Multimedia\" by Nicholas Cook offers analytic tools which allows us to look after the singularities of these works which is essentially multimedia, because it combines different forms of artwork in one (in this case, two - music and poetry) generating many linguistic possibilities. The methodology adopted consists on reviewing Mendes\' basic biographic writings, interviewing him and the conduct Roberto Martins which performed practically all of Gilberto\'s work for choir, retrieving and analyzing the works, and writing the thesis, which are the results of all this research. The work inclusion criteria was choosing those whose were a capella works and whose texts were written by the poets who were members of the group Noigandres - Augusto e Haroldo de Campos, e Décio Pignatari, which are the Brazilian exponents of Concrete Poetry. By this we hope to outline a rich choir work which influences the artistical sphere until nowadays, and to explore many aspects of the language of this composer that is relevant in both Brazilian and world scenario.

A música de Gilberto Mendes tem influenciado muitos compositores dentro e fora da universidade, dada a projeção que sua obra adquiriu, sobretudo ao longo da segunda metade do século XX. Sendo Gilberto Mendes um compositor versátil, escreveu inúmeros gêneros musicais, para diversas formações instrumentais, tendo ainda trabalhado com novas formas e sonoridades inspiradas, sobretudo, pela segunda escola de Viena e escola de Damstadt. Ao atentarmo-nos para o volume da obra coral, deparamo-nos com uma quantidade expressiva de obras para essa formação. Logo, ao debruçarmo-nos sobre essa forma de música coral onde a integração de duas Artes - Poesia e Música - que evidencia toda a sua capacidade musical e linguística inovadora, tivemos, pois, que buscar ferramentas de análise capazes de abordar a obra com profundidade, de modo que os diversos aspectos componentes das obras não fossem deixados de lado. Obviamente, também o contexto em que a obra musical fora produzida, as influências marcantes e evidentes e o depoimento do próprio compositor acerca de sua criação são fundamentais para a construção, permanência e perpetuação da própria obra. O livro de Nicholas Cook, \"Analysing Musical Multimedia\", oferece ferramentas acerca da abordagem com a qual poderemos analisar a singularidade desta obra que é, em essência, multimidiática, pois traz em si a conjunção de diferentes formas de arte (no caso, duas: poesia e música), gerando inúmeras possibilidades linguísticas. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em fichar a bibliografia básica, entrevistar o compositor Gilberto Mendes e o regente Roberto Martins, que regeu, praticamente, toda a obra coral do compositor, buscar e analisar as obras, e escrever a dissertação, ou seja, os resultados desta pesquisa. Os critérios de seleção das obras incluem aquelas para coral a capella que tenham texto dos poetas que compõem o grupo Noigandres - Augusto e Haroldo de Campos, e Décio Pignatari, expoentes da Poesia Concreta no Brasil. Logo, esperamos contribuir para o delineamento do perfil de uma obra substanciosa, cuja influência estende-se sobre o meio artístico e musical até os dias de atuais, e explorar os aspectos da linguagem deste que, sem dúvida, é um compositor relevante no cenário musical brasileiro e mundial. / The music by Gilberto Mendes have influenced composer in and out of university because of the importance such works acquired through second half of XXth century. As a versatile composer that Gilberto Mendes is, he wrote many musical genres for many musical formations, new sonorities and forms inspired by the Second School of Wien and the School of Damstadt. By looking after the volume of his choir works it\'s possible to see an expressive amount of music written by him for this formation. By looking at this form of choir music where the integration of two forms of Art - Poetry and Music - which highlights all its musical and linguistic innovative capabilities, we so had to look after analytic tools that could approach deeply the works so that the many component aspects of these works won\'t be left aside. Obviously the context in which the work was made, the remarkable and evident influences, and the composer\'s own account about his creations are also basic on constructing, remaining and perpetration of the very works. The book \"Analyzing Musical Multimedia\" by Nicholas Cook offers analytic tools which allows us to look after the singularities of these works which is essentially multimedia, because it combines different forms of artwork in one (in this case, two - music and poetry) generating many linguistic possibilities. The methodology adopted consists on reviewing Mendes\' basic biographic writings, interviewing him and the conduct Roberto Martins which performed practically all of Gilberto\'s work for choir, retrieving and analyzing the works, and writing the thesis, which are the results of all this research. The work inclusion criteria was choosing those whose were a capella works and whose texts were written by the poets who were members of the group Noigandres - Augusto e Haroldo de Campos, e Décio Pignatari, which are the Brazilian exponents of Concrete Poetry. By this we hope to outline a rich choir work which influences the artistical sphere until nowadays, and to explore many aspects of the language of this composer that is relevant in both Brazilian and world scenario.

Singing con bocca chiusa, with closed mouth, is a phenomenon that appears both in solo and choral literature. This thesis would like to shed more light on the phenomenon and explain its occurrence by using literature examples. In addition to its special timbre, bocca chiusa also offers numerous pedagogical advantages and can be used both in individual work with voices and in choir practise. This thesis also tries to illustrate that bocca chiusa is a multifaceted register and wants to show its different extended possibilities.

The introductory chapter of this Thesis describes the development of choir music in Bohemia, starting with unison singing, through polyphonic singing, proceeding to forming of literary societies, and, finally, the form of choir singing as we know it today. In the theoretical part, we use the most important historic and social moments of the Prague Hlahol Choir to illustrate almost 155 years of its existence. The following chapter reflects the most significant concerts, introduces the choir's repertoire and how it changed through times, mentions premieres of choir masterpieces, cooperation with other significant choirs and prominent musicians. In the practical part, we reprint the interviews with long-time choir members and personal experience of some of the artists who have cooperated with the Prague Hlahol Choir. To complete this Thesis, we used anniversary almanacs, annual reports, historic documents and photographs, etc. We also included personal views of the choir members, choir leaders and the prominent musicians who have cooperated with the choir. Based on the assembled data, we can evaluate the progress the choir has made, the changes it has undergone and also the impact it has made from the day it was established. The main contribution of this Thesis is that it brings the overview of the...