Objective: To assess patient reported efficacy of Botulinum toxin type-A for the prophylaxis of migraine headaches in patients with frequent migraine headaches prior to initiation of treatment with Botulinum toxin type-A compared to post treatment. Questions addressed include is there a difference in frequency of migraine headaches following treatment with Botulinum toxin type-A, is there a difference in cost of conventional treatment versus Botulinum toxin type-A and is there a difference in quality of life. Research Plan: Questions addressed patient status prior to the initiation of treatment as well as post treatment. Patient quality of life change, duration and frequency headache improvement are the primary focus. Other considerations included the cost difference between the previous use of other treatment and the periodic treatment with Botulinum toxin type-A. Methodology: A Cross Sectional study utilizing a questionnaire consisting of a modified Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire will be given to patients who had received more than one series of injections. Patients who reported chronic migraine headaches and were refractory to previous treatment methods were screened and placed in programs utilizing intramuscular injection of Botulinum toxin type-A at standard points on the face, Temporalis muscle and paracervical muscles. Clinical Relevance: This assessment is relevant to occupational issues due to the increasing number of patients applying for disability due to uncontrolled migraine headaches as well as lost productivity and reduction in functional capacity for activities of daily living. Impact and Significance: Patients that are debilitated by recurrent chronic migraine headaches suffer loss of productive time at work and home. Treatment with Botulinum toxin type-A may results in significant relief allowing fewer days lost at work and improved quality of life. There may be significant cost saving if treatment results in discontinuation of other medications previously used for treatment of migraine headaches. Findings: According to the patients' responses to this survey, it appears that there was an overall improvement in the patients' ability to do work, for those who were employed, as well as their ability to do activities of daily living post treatment with Botulinum toxin-A. Though there were occasionally conflicting data seen in individual cases regarding responses to some of the answers, there appeared to be an overall statistically significant reduction in the mean of responses to the questions. The general implication is consistent with studies that indicate Botulinum toxin-A may be a useful adjunct in the prophylactic treatment of refractory migraine headaches.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 galego_tese.pdf: 557418 bytes, checksum: bec585bbf3ad75dc7e39d9820a6b0dbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-28 / Chronic daily headache (CDH) is a heterogeneous group of headaches that occurs 15 or more days per month, lasting more than four hours, including those associated with medication overuse. The objectives of this study were: to classify Chronic Daily Headache; to assess the quality of life and level of stress of the patients with this type of headache. Casuistic and Method: A hundred patients, from both sexes, with minimum age of 18 years old were prospectively studied. The inclusion criterion was the presence of primary headache with more than 4-hour duration, a frequency of 15 days or more monthly, in the last three months. The diagnosis was according to the second edition of The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) criteria. The SF-36 questionnaire to observe quality of life and Lipp´s Inventory of Stress Symptoms to diagnose stress were used. Patients with chronic organic disease were not included. Results: The patients´ mean age was 38.8 years. The majority (87%) was women. CDH mean duration was 4.0 years. Applying the ICHD-II criteria, 17 different types of diagnosis were necessary to classify CDH. Between these types of diagnosis, 11 presented migraine (80% of the patients). The types with migraine had lower scores according to SF-36 either in physical function (p=0.0015) and social function (p=0.033). A total of 46% of the patients overused medication. Their scores were lower in physical function (p=0.008), bodily pain (p=0.037) and role emotional (p=0.046). Ninety patients presented stress, prevailing the psychological symptoms in 94.5%. Between the patients who presented stress, 2 were at the alert phase, 33 at resistance phase, 46 at almost exhaustion and 9 at exhaustion phase. Stress diminished significantly the scores at the SF-36, except on physical function. There was no association between stress and medication overuse. Comparing the stress phases with SF-36 scores, except on bodily pain scale, the resistance phase showed significant higher scores than the almost exhaustion phase. Conclusions: CDH is the result of a convergence of several types of headaches that integrates the second edition of The International Classification of Headache Disorders. Most patients presented stress and half of them were at the almost exhaustion phase. Stress produced significantly reduction in all scales from SF-36 questionnaire, except on physical function. The patients with stress at the almost exhaustion phase compared with those at the resistance phase showed significant lower scores in all scales of SF-36 questionnaire, except on bodily pain. / Cefaléia crônica diária (CCD) compreende um grupo heterogêneo de cefaléias que se manifestam em 15 ou mais dias por mês, durando mais de 4 horas, incluindo as cefaléias associadas com o uso excessivo de medicação. Os objetivos desse estudo foram: classificar a cefaléia crônica diária, avaliar a qualidade de vida e o nível de estresse dos pacientes com esse tipo de cefaléia. Casuística e Método: Foram estudados de forma prospectiva 100 pacientes de ambos os sexos e idade mínima de 18 anos. O critério de inclusão foi presença de cefaléia primária, durando mais de 4 horas, com freqüência de 15 ou mais dias por mês, nos últimos três meses. O diagnóstico foi em acordo com os critérios da segunda edição da Classificação Internacional de Cefaléias (CIC-II). Foram aplicados o Questionário SF-36 para verificar qualidade de vida, e o Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp, para diagnosticar estresse. Não foram incluídos pacientes com doenças orgânicas crônicas. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi 38,8 anos. A maioria do grupo (87%) foi constituída de mulheres. A duração média da CCD foi 4,0 anos. Aplicando os critérios da CIC-II, foram necessários 17 diferentes tipos de diagnósticos para classificar a CCD. Dentro desses tipos de diagnósticos, em 11 havia migrânea (80% dos pacientes). Os tipos com migrânea obtiveram no SF-36 pontuações menores em capacidade funcional (p=0,0015) e aspectos sociais (p=0,033). Em 46% dos pacientes havia uso excessivo de medicação e esses obtiveram pontuações menores em capacidade funcional (p=0,008), dor corporal (p=0,037) e aspectos emocionais (p=0,046). Noventa pacientes apresentaram estresse, predominando os sintomas psicológicos em 94,5%. Entre os pacientes que apresentaram estresse, 2 estavam na fase de alerta, 33 em resistência, 46 em quase exaustão e 9 em exaustão. Estresse diminui significativamente as pontuações no SF-36, exceto para capacidade funcional. Não houve associação entre estresse e uso excessivo de medicação. Comparando as fases do estresse com pontuações no SF-36, com exceção da escala dor corporal, a fase resistência apresenta pontuações significantemente maiores, que quase exaustão. Conclusões: A CCD é o resultado da convergência de vários tipos de cefaléias que integram a segunda edição da Classificação Internacional das Cefaléias. A grande maioria dos pacientes apresentou estresse e a metade desses se encontravam na fase de quase exaustão. O estresse produziu redução significativa em todas as escalas do questionário SF-36, com exceção da capacidade funcional. Os pacientes com estresse na fase de quase exaustão, quando comparados aos da fase de resistência apresentaram pontuações significativamente menores em todas as escalas do questionário SF-36, menos em dor corporal.

Headache is one of the most recurrent complaints in orofacial pain clinics, in the same way that is also very frequent signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in patients with headache. However, the literature is controversial regarding the association of these two diseases. ObjeTo identify frequency of TMD and its severity in individuals with headache. 60 adults of both genders were assessed, with age averaging 36.84 years, and divided into three groups of 20 individuals: chronic daily headadche (CDH), episodic headache (EH) and a control group without headache (WH). Headache diagnosis was conducted by a neurologist, according to the criteria of International Society of Headache, and the TMD diagnosis was achieved using the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC-TMD), and its severity was defined by the Temporomandibular Index (TMI). The TMD symptoms were always more frequent in individuals with headache, specially the cervical pain (CDH, n=17; EH, n=19; WH, n=12), pain in TMJ area (CM, n=16; EM, n=12; WM, n=6) and teeth grinding (CDH, n=8; EH, n=10; WH, n=4). Similarly, TMD clinical signs have always prevailed on individuals with headache diagnosis, notably pain to palpation on the lateral pterygoid (CCD, n=19; EH, n=16; WH, n=11) and posterior digastric muscles (CDH, n=19; EH, n=15; WH, n=10) and pain to palpation on the TMJ area (CDH, n=18; EH, n=16; WH, n=11). The episodes of TMD were high in all assessed groups: it did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups, but was numerically higher in patients with headache. However, the mean values of TMD severity in headache patients evaluated according to TMI criteria were statistically higher than in patients of the control group, notably the articular (CDH=0,38; EH=0,25; WH=0,19) and muscular (CDH=0,46; EH=0,51; WH=0,26) indices. The findings presented in this study allow us to state that thereis a higher risk of the presence of TMD signs and symptoms, especially TMJ and masticatory muscles pain as well as bruxism in patients suffering from headache. Accordingly, the TMD and its severity appears to be higher in patients suffering from headache, which indicates the need for a multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of such patients, given that the associated treatment of headache and TMD brings more benefits regarding the symptoms relief of such individuals. / A dor de cabeça é um achado muito comum em clínicas de dor orofacial, da mesma maneira que é muito frequente a presença de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) em pacientes com cefaléia, no entanto a associação dessas duas condições clínicas ainda é muito controversa na literatura. Verificar a presença de DTM e sua gravidade entre pacientes com cefaléia. Foram avaliados 60 adultos de ambos os gêneros, com média de idade de 36,84 anos, divididos em três grupos de 20 indivíduos com diagnóstico de cefaléia crônica diária (CCD), cefaléia episódica (CE) e sem cefaléia (grupo controle). O diagnóstico da cefaléia foi realizado por um cefaliatra, segundo os critérios de Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléia e o diagnóstico da DTM foi realizado através do Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC-DTM), sendo sua gravidade determinada pelo Indice Temporomandibular (ITM). Os sintomas de DTM foram numericamente mais comuns nos pacientes com cefaleia, destacando-se significativamente a dor na nuca (CCD, n=17; CE, n=19; Controle, n=12), dor na ATM (CCD, n=16; CE, n=12; Controle, n=6) e ranger dos dentes (CCD, n=8; CE, n=10; Controle, n=4). Da mesma forma, os sinais clínicos de DTM foram sempre mais prevalentes nos sujeitos com diagnóstico de cefaleia, especialmente a dor à palpação nos músculos pterigoideo lateral (CCD, n=19; CE, n=16; Controle, n=11) e digástrico posterior (CCD, n=19; CE, n=15; Controle, n=10) e a dor à palpação na ATM (CCD, n=18; CE, n=16; Controle, n=11). A frequência de DTM foi alta em todos os grupos avaliados sem diferença estatisticamente significativa, mas numericamente maior nos pacientes com cefaléia (CCD, n=19; CE, n=19; Controle, n=17). No entanto, os valores médios de gravidade da DTM nos pacientes com cefaléia, avaliados pelo ITM, foram estatisticamente superiores em relação ao grupo controle, destacando-se os subíndices articular (CCD=0,38; CE=0,25; Controle=0,19) e muscular (CCD=0,46; CE=0,51; Controle=0,26). Os achados do presente estudo nos permitem afirmar que existe um risco maior da presença de sinais e sintomas de DTM, principalmente dor na ATM, músculos mastigatórios e o bruxismo em pacientes com cefaléia. Da mesma forma, a DTM e, principalmente a sua gravidade parece ser maior nos pacientes com cefaléia, o que indica a necessidade de diagnóstico e tratamento multidisciplinar desses pacientes, visto que o tratamento associado da cefaléia e DTM podem trazer mais benefícios no alívio sintomático desses sujeitos.