Between 1847 and 1903, spanning the first three episcopates of the newly-created Diocese of Manchester, 228 churches were built, or significantly extended, in the largest by far of its five deaneries, the Deanery of Manchester. Exploration of diocesan, Mancunian, and parochial archival and other sources revealed that sixty-one of those 228 building-projects – over a quarter – had each been funded by a single donor or single family. The fifty 'singular' donors (eight financing more than one project) represented a wide swathe of the middle and upper echelons of society, comprising six MPs; thirty-one industrialists, including twenty-two (predominantly textile-) mill-owners, three engineers, and two colliery- and canal-owners; and thirteen non-industrialists, including five bankers, two landed gentry and three clerics. The scale of this aspect of industrial city philanthropy, and its lack of study are striking. Singular funding by donors of specific buildings provides a fresh angle from which to approach the reasons for philanthropy at an individual level. In each case, what role did self-interest play; what role such impulses as Established-Church-allegiance, evangelism, paternalism, territorialism, and dynasticism? Could a master driving-force, composed of a combination of some or all of those and other possible impulses, have been a donor's desire for worth: self-worth; worth in the eyes of contemporary society; and worth for remembrance in posterity? Were donors essentially creating churches in their own image? The Introduction covers identification of the churches and the ecclesiastical, industrial and historical context of their building and of nineteenth-century Mancunian philanthropy. Chapter One, exploring the donors' biographies, includes, as potential drivers in church-creation, timing of public preferment – providing scant support for its previously identified role in other charitable giving – and alternative donor-self-image-related impulses. Chapter Two considers, as a measure of donor-church-identity, possible linkage of donor to church through dedication, proximity, iconography, memorials, armorials, dedicated space, and burial arrangements. Chapter Three uses choice of architect, their north-western oeuvre, and the balance of architects' and donors' roles, to further assess reflection of donor-self-image in the church. Finally, Chapter Four scrutinises each donor-church-architect nexus for signs of churchmanship; a quality – where present in strength and definable as donor-led – considered strongly indicative of donor-self-image. Donor, church, architect, and churchmanship – key components of the donated church and to assessing in each their interconnections – disclose great diversity. Donor-self-image was indeed present, in its various aspects, in most if not all the churches. Its presence ranged from almost negligible or inconclusive to what amounts to its passionate expression. Archive Note: Research for this project resulted in far more material of relevance to its substance than could be included in the text. The University of Manchester has kindly consented to hold this material, comprising textual and photographic data, as an archive freely accessible on request.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the creation building drawings of the Church in Ivančice. The first part is devoted to description of locality and measuring. The following part of the thesis deals with calculations of measured data and the accuracy testing those data. The final part of the thesis describes creation graphic outputs. The resulting building documentation consist of drawings of ground plans, vertical sections and thematical map, which will be submitted to the National Heritage Institute.

Mit dem Mappenwerk „Turmbilder“ (Abb. 1) widmete sich der 1954 in Oberammergau geborene Künstler Johannes Bierling einem der im doppelten Sinne herausragenden Bauten der Gotik. In seiner 1996 geschaffenen, aus 21 Linolschnitten bestehenden druckgrafischen Serie beschäftigte er sich explizit mit dem Westturm des Freiburger Münsters „Unserer Lieben Frau“ (siehe Dagmar Zimdars/Wölbert 2014; zum Kirchenbau insgesamt auch Freiburger Münsterbauverein 2011). Um 1270 begonnen, war dieser als einer der wenigen großen gotischen Kirchtürme bereits im Mittelalter (um 1340) vollendet worden und verfügt über den frühesten in Maßwerk aufgebrochenen Turmhelm (Dehio/Zimdars 1997, S. 197). Seine Höhe beträgt im Ganzen circa 115 Meter, wovon über ein Drittel auf den Turmhelm entfällt.

Text in German / Summary in German and English / Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anhand von acht Interviews mit Pastoren kleiner Pfingstgemeinden, welche anhand der Methode von Grounded Theory und Teilen der SWOT-Analyse ausgewertet wurden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anzuregen, wie auch das Potenzial kleiner Gemeinden sichtbar zu machen. Nach einer thematischen Einführung entlang eines historischen Überblicks über die Paradigmen der Weltmission und der Beleuchtung der aktuellen Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau, wird nach einer kurzen Einführung der Methoden auf die Resultate der Auswertung der Interviews eingegangen. Danach werden diese anhand von SWOT analysiert. Die daraus resultierenden Strategievorschläge werden dann abschliessend ins Gespräch mit der behandelten Literatur gebracht. / The present essay investigates the missionary church building of small churches by means of eight interviews with ministers of small pentecostal churches evaluated by the method of Grounded Theory and parts of the SWOT analysis. The aim of this essay is to stimulate the discussion about the missionary church building in small churches as well as make appear the potential of small churches. A thematic introduction along with a historical survey over the paradigm of the world-wide mission and examining the current discussion about the missionary church building of the church is followed by a short introduction of the methods. Then the results of the interview evaluations are entered in and analysed by SWOT. Finally the conclusions of the strategic suggestions are brought under dialogue with the literature that has been dealt with. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Le monastère bénédictin de Baume-les-Messieurs, attesté dans les textes à la fin du IXe siècle, est avec celui de Gigny à l’origine de la fondation de l’abbaye de Cluny. Deux siècles plus tard, Balma figure parmi les plus importants établissements monastiques de l’actuelle Franche-Comté, et son église est considérée dans l’historiographie régionale comme un des édifices phares de la période romane. Pour autant, l’église abbatiale attendait toujours une étude monographique que nous avons souhaité développer par les méthodes, notamment, de l’archéologie du bâti. Les investigations archéologiques réalisées entre 2006 et 2012 ont renouvelé pleinement nos connaissances sur le parti architectural primitif de l'église romane et ont permis d’identifier différentes phases de construction. L’étude du bâti, conjuguée aux résultats de la fouille archéologique du chœur, a révélé une première phase constructive datée du début du XIe siècle qui se caractérise par un parti architectural ambitieux et insoupçonné jusqu’alors, où la monumentalité du chevet s’exprimait par cinq chapelles échelonnées, encadrées de deux puissantes tours de clocher érigées à l’extrémité des bras du transept. Une seconde phase romane est identifiée au moment du voûtement de l’ensemble de la nef. Cette solution est révélatrice des expériences précoces sur le voûtement qui se manifesta dans le Jura et, plus largement, dans la vallée de la Saône, dès les années 1020-1030. Cette seconde campagne de travaux se caractérise également par une recherche de nouveaux effets plastiques des parois extérieures, avec la présence d’un registre de lésènes et d’arcatures aveugles. Les choix constructifs et décoratifs adoptés au cours du XIe siècle pour l’abbatiale Saint-Pierre de Baume, placent l’édifice au cœur de cette nouvelle expression architecturale du « premier art roman » qui se diffusa, de manière plus ou moins concomitante, dans plusieurs foyers à travers l’Europe. La reconstruction d’une vaste église abbatiale à partir du début du XIe siècle traduit également les besoins d’une communauté monastique en pleine expansion et reflète la puissance, au moins temporelle, de l’établissement / The Benedictine monastery of Baume-les-Messiers, attested in the textual sources at the end of the ninth century, is, along with Gingy, at the origin of the foundation of the abbey of Cluny. Two centuries later Balma figures among the preeminent monastic establishments in modern day Franche-Comté, and its church appears in the regional historiography as one of the stand out buildings of the Romanesque period. In spite of this, however, until recently the abbatial church still lacked a monographic study of the type that it was our intention to carry out, through the use of methods such as building archaeology. The archaeological investigations carried out between 2006 and 2012 have completely reshaped our understanding of the architectural layout of the earliest phase of the Romanesque church and have allowed us to identify a number construction phases. The study of the upstanding building, allied with the results of the archaeological excavations of the chancel, have revealed an initial phase of construction dateable to the beginning of the 11th century, which is characterised by an ambitious and hitherto unexpected architectural layout, in which the monumentality of the chevet is expressed through a series of five staggered chapels, framed by two imposing bell towers positioned at either extreme of the transept. A second Romanesque phase is discernable at a point in which the nave ensemble undergoes alteration, becoming vaulted. This modification is indicative of the early experimentation with vaulting that came about in the Jura, and more generally in the Saône valley, during the years 1020-1030. This second building campaign is also characterised by a considerable amount of experimentation in new forms of decorative features on the external walls, expressed through the inclusion of a series of lesenes and blind arcades. The architectural and decorative choices adopted throughout the course of the 11th century for the abbatial church of Saint-Pierre of Baume place the building firmly at the forefront of the new architectural expression of early Romanesque art, which was expanding more or less concomitantly, appearing in numerous centres throughout Europe. Moreover, this reconstruction of a large abbatial church from the 11th century onwards, conveys the wishes of a flourishing monastic community and reflects the power, albeit temporary, of the establishment

Text in German / Summary in German and English / Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anhand von acht Interviews mit Pastoren kleiner Pfingstgemeinden, welche anhand der Methode von Grounded Theory und Teilen der SWOT-Analyse ausgewertet wurden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anzuregen, wie auch das Potenzial kleiner Gemeinden sichtbar zu machen. Nach einer thematischen Einführung entlang eines historischen Überblicks über die Paradigmen der Weltmission und der Beleuchtung der aktuellen Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau, wird nach einer kurzen Einführung der Methoden auf die Resultate der Auswertung der Interviews eingegangen. Danach werden diese anhand von SWOT analysiert. Die daraus resultierenden Strategievorschläge werden dann abschliessend ins Gespräch mit der behandelten Literatur gebracht. / The present essay investigates the missionary church building of small churches by means of eight interviews with ministers of small pentecostal churches evaluated by the method of Grounded Theory and parts of the SWOT analysis. The aim of this essay is to stimulate the discussion about the missionary church building in small churches as well as make appear the potential of small churches. A thematic introduction along with a historical survey over the paradigm of the world-wide mission and examining the current discussion about the missionary church building of the church is followed by a short introduction of the methods. Then the results of the interview evaluations are entered in and analysed by SWOT. Finally the conclusions of the strategic suggestions are brought under dialogue with the literature that has been dealt with. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Although the North Bohemian region is mainly associated with the industrial rise of the second half of the nineteenth century, which altered the local scenery and cities irreversibly, there were also far more traditional constructions being built around 1900, such churches. Between their solid-state and period concept is blended the influence of the authentic architectural progression, individual impress of architects, furthermore liturgical requirements of particular beliefs and concrete visions of owner-builders. Back then the ideal image of a church was seen as the root of discussion and polemic when many theoretical texts and building regulations were originated. The submitted work observes mainly the use of modern architectonic components following authentically traditional church architecture type. It is done pre-eminently, based on written theory and architectural practices confrontation. The given discussion I pursue with Catholics, Old-Catholics and mainly with Evangelical Confessions, whose base of theoretical text is the widest and newly build churches the most numerous. The subject given is closely related to national questions, situation and purpose of the German inhabitants resided in the territory of North Bohemia. As well as to fundamental influences that were coming here from neighboring...

Text in German / Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der erlebnisorientierten Ausrichtung des geistlichen Lebensstils als Herausforderung für den Gemeindeaufbau in der Postmoderne. Die zunehmende Erlebnisorientierung der postmodernen Gesellschaft hat auch vor den Türen der Glaubensgemeinschaften in Deutschland und in der Schweiz nicht Halt gemacht. Die Folgen fordern von den Verantwortlichen der Gemeinden und Kirchen neue Überlegungen im Hinblick auf die bisherige Gemeindeaufbaupraxis. In diesem Prozess fällt auf, dass in Deutschland und in der Schweiz vor allem die Impulse der Church Growth Movement (CGM), insbesondere das Gemeindemodell der Willow Creek Community Church (WCCC) und der Saddleback Valley Community Church (SVCC), große Aufmerksamkeit erlangt haben. Einerseits werden die Gemeindemodelle vielerorts mit Begeisterung nachgeahmt, andererseits werden sie aber unter anderem wegen ihres Verhältnisses zur Erlebnisorientierung und wegen ihres Umgangs damit stark kritisiert. In der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit wurden deshalb die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede bezüglich der erlebnisorientierten Ausrichtung des geistlichen Lebensstils der Gläubigen in den Partnergemeinden der Willow Creek Community Church und in den Nichtpartnergemeinden empirisch untersucht. Außerdem wurde geprüft, inwiefern soziostrukturelle Faktoren, insbesondere das Gemeindeumfeld, zur Generierung des erlebnisorientierten geistlichen Lebensstil beitragen und, inwiefern eine Wechselwirkung zwischen den Bestandteilen des geistlichen Lebensstils vorhanden ist. Die Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeit ermöglichen eine empirisch-oikodomische Beurteilung der Gemeindeaufbaumodelle der CGM und die Entwicklung einer Vorgehensweise im Gemeindeaufbau in der Postmoderne, wodurch auf die zunehmende Erlebnisorientierung der Gesellschaft als Herausforderung in der Gemeindeaufbaupraxis entsprechend reagiert werden kann. The present research investigates the justification of an experience-orientated alignment of a spiritual lifestyle as a challenge for churchbuilding in postmodernity. The increasing experience-orientated behaviour in post-modern society did not stop at the gates of the churches in Germany and Switzerland. The results require, from those persons responsible in the congregations and churches, new deliberation and reflection with regard to the present practice of the promotion and development of church growth. When one looks at this process, it becomes apparent, that above all the stimuli from the Church Growth Movement (CGM), especially the church models of the Willow Creek Community Church (WCCC) and the Saddleback Valley Community Church (SVCC) gained huge attention in Germany and Switzerland. On the one hand the church models are emulated with great enthusiasm, on the other hand they are strongly criticised for their relationship with and handling of experience-orientated behaviour. The present research empirically examines and investigates the communalities and differences regarding the experience-orientated alignment of the spiritual lifestyle of the faithful believers from partner churches of the Willow Creek Community Church and non-partner churches. It was also examined and investigated to what degree socio-structural factors contributed to, particularly the congregational environment, with regards to the creation of the experience-orientated spiritual life style, and in how far an interaction exists between the various components of the spiritual lifestyle. The research findings facilitate an empirical-theological evaluation and assessment of the models of churchbuilding of the CGM and the development of an approach to churchbuilding in postmodernity. It is therefore possible to react to the increasing experience-orientation of the societal as a challenge in the churchbuilding. / Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th. (Practical Theology)

Text in German / Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der erlebnisorientierten Ausrichtung des geistlichen Lebensstils als Herausforderung für den Gemeindeaufbau in der Postmoderne. Die zunehmende Erlebnisorientierung der postmodernen Gesellschaft hat auch vor den Türen der Glaubensgemeinschaften in Deutschland und in der Schweiz nicht Halt gemacht. Die Folgen fordern von den Verantwortlichen der Gemeinden und Kirchen neue Überlegungen im Hinblick auf die bisherige Gemeindeaufbaupraxis. In diesem Prozess fällt auf, dass in Deutschland und in der Schweiz vor allem die Impulse der Church Growth Movement (CGM), insbesondere das Gemeindemodell der Willow Creek Community Church (WCCC) und der Saddleback Valley Community Church (SVCC), große Aufmerksamkeit erlangt haben. Einerseits werden die Gemeindemodelle vielerorts mit Begeisterung nachgeahmt, andererseits werden sie aber unter anderem wegen ihres Verhältnisses zur Erlebnisorientierung und wegen ihres Umgangs damit stark kritisiert. In der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit wurden deshalb die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede bezüglich der erlebnisorientierten Ausrichtung des geistlichen Lebensstils der Gläubigen in den Partnergemeinden der Willow Creek Community Church und in den Nichtpartnergemeinden empirisch untersucht. Außerdem wurde geprüft, inwiefern soziostrukturelle Faktoren, insbesondere das Gemeindeumfeld, zur Generierung des erlebnisorientierten geistlichen Lebensstil beitragen und, inwiefern eine Wechselwirkung zwischen den Bestandteilen des geistlichen Lebensstils vorhanden ist. Die Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeit ermöglichen eine empirisch-oikodomische Beurteilung der Gemeindeaufbaumodelle der CGM und die Entwicklung einer Vorgehensweise im Gemeindeaufbau in der Postmoderne, wodurch auf die zunehmende Erlebnisorientierung der Gesellschaft als Herausforderung in der Gemeindeaufbaupraxis entsprechend reagiert werden kann. The present research investigates the justification of an experience-orientated alignment of a spiritual lifestyle as a challenge for churchbuilding in postmodernity. The increasing experience-orientated behaviour in post-modern society did not stop at the gates of the churches in Germany and Switzerland. The results require, from those persons responsible in the congregations and churches, new deliberation and reflection with regard to the present practice of the promotion and development of church growth. When one looks at this process, it becomes apparent, that above all the stimuli from the Church Growth Movement (CGM), especially the church models of the Willow Creek Community Church (WCCC) and the Saddleback Valley Community Church (SVCC) gained huge attention in Germany and Switzerland. On the one hand the church models are emulated with great enthusiasm, on the other hand they are strongly criticised for their relationship with and handling of experience-orientated behaviour. The present research empirically examines and investigates the communalities and differences regarding the experience-orientated alignment of the spiritual lifestyle of the faithful believers from partner churches of the Willow Creek Community Church and non-partner churches. It was also examined and investigated to what degree socio-structural factors contributed to, particularly the congregational environment, with regards to the creation of the experience-orientated spiritual life style, and in how far an interaction exists between the various components of the spiritual lifestyle. The research findings facilitate an empirical-theological evaluation and assessment of the models of churchbuilding of the CGM and the development of an approach to churchbuilding in postmodernity. It is therefore possible to react to the increasing experience-orientation of the societal as a challenge in the churchbuilding. / Practical and Systematic Theology / D.Th. (Practical Theology)