Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WaldeniceAM.pdf: 1082421 bytes, checksum: bd7f6b4a35f59108d7807a3a68e163a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Textile activity results in effluents with a variety of dyes. Among the several processes for dye-uptaking from these wastewaters, sorption is one of the most effective methods, chitosan being a very promising alternative for this end. The sorption of Methyl Orange by chitosan crosslinked particles was approached using equilibrium and kinetic analyses at different pH s. Besides the standard pseudo-order analysis normally effectuated (i.e. pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order), a novel approach involving a pseudo-nth-order kinetics was used, nbeing determined via non-linear regression, using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. Zeta potential measurements indicated that electrostatic interactions were important for the sorption process. Regarding equilibrium experiments, data were well fitted to a hybrid Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm, and estimated Gibbs free energy of adsorption as a function of mass of dye per area of chitosan showed that the process of adsorption becomes more homogeneous as the pH of the continuous phase decreased. Considering the kinetics of sorption, although a pseudo-nth-order description yielded good fits, a kinetic equation involving diffusion adsorption phenomena was found to be more consistent in terms of a physicochemical description of the sorption process / A atividade t?xtil resulta em efluentes com uma variedade de corantes. Dentre os v?rios processos para a remo??o de corantes destes efluentes, o de sor??o constitui um dos m?todos mais efetivos, sendo a quitosana um sorvente alternativo bastante promissor para este fim. A sor??o do corante alaranjado de metila em part?culas de quitosana reticulada foi avaliada atrav?s de estudos de equil?brio e cin?tica de sor??o em diferentes pHs. Al?m da an?lise com o modelo de pseudo-ordem normalmente adotado na literatura (por exemplo, pseudo-primeira-ordem e pseudo-segunda-ordem), um novo modelo envolvendo uma cin?tica de pseudo-n-ordem foi usada, sendo ndeterminado via regress?o n?o-linear, usando o m?todo de Levenberg-Marquardt. Medidas de potencial zeta indicaram intera??es eletrost?ticas importantes no processo de sor??o. Com rela??o aos estudos de equil?brio, os dados foram bem representados pela isoterma h?brida Langmuir-Freundlich, e a energia livre de Gibbs de sor??o como uma fun??o da massa de corante por ?rea de part?cula mostrou que este processo torna-se mais homog?neo ? medida que o pH da fase cont?nua diminui. Considerando a cin?tica de sor??o, apesar do modelo de pseudo-n-ordem descrever bem os dados experimentais, a equa??o cin?tica envolvendo difus?o-adsor??o foi mais consistente em termos de descri??o f?sico-qu?mica do processo de sor??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoRCL_DISSERT.pdf: 1216220 bytes, checksum: 291b5b64177a1fbc1bc254c50866a9c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / The phenomenon of adsorption is of fundamental importance for the treatment of textile effluents and removal of dyes. Chitosan is characterized as an excellent adsorbent material, not only for its adsorption capacity but also the low cost production. Equilibrium and kinetic studies were developed in this study to describe the mechanism of adsorption of the anionic azo dye Orange G in chitosan, with the isotherms obtained from the variation of the concentration of dye in the continuous phase. The kinetics of the process was analyzed based on models involving the adsorption of molecules of the dye in nonpolar and polar sites. Adsorption experiments were carried out in water and in saline media with different NaCl concentrations, both for the determination of the equilibrium time as isotherms for making kinetic curves in which the amount of dye adsorbed measured indirectly varied with time. The experiments revealed the opening of the biopolymer structure with increasing concentration of Orange G, accompanied by high pH values and change on the type of interaction between the dye and the adsorbent surface, suggesting behavior advocated by the Langmuir equation in a certain range of concentration of the adsorbate and following the Henry's Law at higher concentrations, from the increased number of sites available for adsorption. The studies conducted showed that the saline medium reduces the chitosan s adsorption capacity according to a certain concentration, the occurrence of the cooperative adsorption process steps kinetic mechanism suggested as a new alternative for the interpretation of the phenomenon / O fen?meno da adsor??o ? de fundamental import?ncia no tratamento de efluentes t?xteis e remo??o de corantes. A quitosana caracteriza-se como excelente material adsorvente, n?o s? pela sua capacidade de adsor??o mas tamb?m pelo baixo custo de obten??o. Estudos cin?ticos e de equil?brio foram desenvolvidos neste trabalho para descrever o mecanismo de adsor??o do azo-corante ani?nico Alaranjado G em quitosana, com a obten??o de isotermas a partir da varia??o da concentra??o de corante na fase cont?nua. A cin?tica do processo foi analisada a partir de modelos envolvendo a adsor??o de mol?culas do corante em dois tipos de s?tios: polares e apolares. Experimentos de adsor??o foram desenvolvidos em ?gua e em meios salinos com diferentes concentra??es de NaCl, tanto para a determina??o do tempo de equil?brio como para a confec??o de isotermas e curvas cin?ticas nas quais a quantidade de corante adsorvido, medida de forma indireta, variou em fun??o do tempo. Os experimentos revelaram abertura da estrutura do biopol?mero com a eleva??o da concentra??o do Alaranjado G, acompanhada pela eleva??o do pH e modifica??o no tipo de intera??o entre o corante e a superf?cie do adsorvente, sugerindo comportamento preconizado pela equa??o de Langmuir em certa faixa de concentra??o do adsorvato e obedecendo ? lei de Henry em concentra??es mais elevadas, a partir do aumento do n?mero de s?tios dispon?veis para a adsor??o. Os estudos desenvolvidos mostraram que o meio salino reduz a capacidade de adsor??o do Alaranjado G em quitosana e pode impedir, em certa concentra??o, a ocorr?ncia de processo cooperativo de adsor??o conforme mecanismo cin?tico em etapas sugerido como uma nova alternativa para a interpreta??o do fen?meno