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Mémoire en recherche / Cette étude s’intéresse à l‘impact de l’adaptation cinématographique et à l’évolution du récit écrit par Marguerite Yourcenar, Le Coup de grâce, publié en mai 1939, au sujet de trois jeunes êtres qui se ressemblent et qui s’aiment dans un triangle relationnel compliqué dans le cadre de la guerre civile balte au lendemain de la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale. La présente étude se centre sur l’évolution des dimensions de la représentation du système des personnages, de l’éros, des genres (la masculinité dont les frontières évoluent dans le temps et l’espace) et de la guerre (une force thanatique) lors de l’adaptation cinématographique faite par Volker Schlöndorff en 1976, bref à l’impact du nouveau média sur l’histoire originale et les aspects initiaux imaginés par Marguerite Yourcenar en 1938 dans son roman Le Coup de grâce, où les mythes gréco-romains étaient une constante dans ses motifs d’inspiration pendant cette période des années 1930, où ces écrits réfutaient les pressions rigoristes qui perduraient dans cette décennie. Éric, le narrateur homodiégétique du roman était à la recherche d’une certaine liberté sexuelle et il faisait son récit un peu sur le ton de la confession intimiste, tel un journal de guerre. Rémy Poignault considère Le Coup de grâce comme une réécriture moderne, un palimpseste donc de « Patrocle ou le destin » de Feux avec des personnages appartenant à l’époque moderne. Le passage au film en 1976 déplace l’accent mis sur Éric dans le roman vers la dualité entre lui et Sophie dans le récit filmé, où les personnages perdent de leur profondeur, réduisant Éric à un être insensible, et ce, en limitant les scènes de camaraderie militaire avec Conrad. L’absence de prologue dans le film ne permet pas non plus d’évoquer les souvenirs heureux vécus à Kratovicé. Dans le film, la grande histoire prend le pas sur la petite histoire contrairement à ce qu’entendait Marguerite Yourcenar qui mettait l’accent sur le drame humain dans la préface de son roman. Le film priorise plutôt l’affirmation 5 d’une femme par rapport à son milieu dans la lignée d’autres films de Volker Schlöndorff comme L’honneur perdu de Katharina Blum. Le film est en somme un film féministe à l’image de Margarethe von Trotta qui était un des chantres du féminisme dans les années 1970 et qui collabora au scénario dudit film. Il s’agit donc d’une adaptation libre avec certains retranchements ou modifications par rapport à l’oeuvre originale. En enlevant de nombreuses scènes de camaraderie militaire entre les deux principaux personnages, le mythe grec ancien d’Achille et Patrocle présent en filigrane dans le roman est évacué dans le film. Tant le roman que le film se sont inspirés d’un certain académisme qui engendra une atmosphère limitant les émotions des personnages. / That research concerns the analysis of the evolution of the written narrative of Marguerite Yourcenar about three young characters who look like each other and who loves each other in relational triangle within the background context of the Baltic Civil War just after The First World War of 1914-18 and in its adaptation in film by Volker Schlöndorff in 1976. This study concentrates about representation of character’s system, dynamic of eros, represensation of gender for instance the masculinity and the war during the adaptation for the cinema by Volker Schlöndorff. Briefly, to the impact of the new media on the original themes which were developed in the original novel of Marguerite Yourcenar in 1939, Le Coup de grâce. Our study presents itself in a chronological order for making some conclusions about representations of the themes of desire and death, gender and war in the time from the story written 1939 and the film in 1976 We can conclude after analysis of both media for the narrative that Mythical figures as Thanatos and Eros present in this novel received a different treatment in the film adaptation where the emphasis moved to the dualistic relation between Eric and the women Sophie. The movie has become a feministic which puts emphasis on a woman against her social middle and diminish the impact of the mythical military friendship related to the mythic military myth of Achille and Patrocle which was underlined but present in the novel with the death of one main characters on the battlefied of the story. In taking off most of the scenes of military friendship between the two men charaters, the mythical part of the novel, is evacuated. The film adaptation is a free adaptation according to the classification of adaptation film of Esther Pelletier with retranchments and changes from the novel.

A dissertação Vidas secas, do livro ao filme se propõe a fazer um estudo da estrutura e da questão narrativa das obras Vidas secas, livro de Graciliano Ramos e do filme homônimo de Nelson Pereira dos Santos, levando-se em consideração as diferenças entre os dois meios, os fenômenos decorrentes da adaptação, as circunstâncias de produção e a distância temporal entre as duas obras. A adaptação é mais uma questão de diálogo e admiração do que de diferenças fundamentais entre os autores. Mais do que ser apenas a adaptação de uma obra-prima da literatura nacional, a leitura cinematográfica que Nelson Pereira dos Santos fez de Vidas secas de Graciliano Ramos quis também ser uma intervenção na conjuntura política contemporânea, nesse caso como parte do debate então vigente sobre a reforma agrária e a estrutura social brasileira na década de 1960. O que pretendemos com esta dissertação é, valendo-se de diversos embasamentos teóricos ligados aos Estudos Comparados e à Literatura Comparada, chegar a uma leitura analítica focada na compreensão da construção das duas formas narrativas de Vidas secas: romance (livro / narrativa original / linguagem literária) e filme (produto final de uma releitura audiovisual / linguagem cinematográfica / The dissertation Barren Lives, from book to film aims to comparatively study the structure and the issue of narration in Graciliano Ramoss book Vidas secas and in Nelson Pereira dos Santos film Vidas secas, taking into consideration the differences between literature and film, the patterns created by the process of adaptation, the circumstances within which the two works were produced and the temporal lap between the two pieces. Adapting a book into film is, in our opinion, much more a matter of admiration and dialogue than of establishing differences between one piece of work and the other. More than an adaptation of one of the Brazilian contemporary literatures masterpieces into film, the cinematic reading of Vidas secas made by Nelson Pereira dos Santos also aimed to intervene in its contemporary Brazilian political life, especially in the debate concerning the land ownership and the Brazilian social structure in the 1960s. In this dissertation, our aim is to build up an analytical reading of these two works, based on some concepts from Comparative Studies and Comparative Literature, trying to better understand the two pieces different structures, the books original literary narrative and the films cinematic narrative, considering the latter a result of an audiovisual comprehension and re-creation of the first.

A dissertação Vidas secas, do livro ao filme se propõe a fazer um estudo da estrutura e da questão narrativa das obras Vidas secas, livro de Graciliano Ramos e do filme homônimo de Nelson Pereira dos Santos, levando-se em consideração as diferenças entre os dois meios, os fenômenos decorrentes da adaptação, as circunstâncias de produção e a distância temporal entre as duas obras. A adaptação é mais uma questão de diálogo e admiração do que de diferenças fundamentais entre os autores. Mais do que ser apenas a adaptação de uma obra-prima da literatura nacional, a leitura cinematográfica que Nelson Pereira dos Santos fez de Vidas secas de Graciliano Ramos quis também ser uma intervenção na conjuntura política contemporânea, nesse caso como parte do debate então vigente sobre a reforma agrária e a estrutura social brasileira na década de 1960. O que pretendemos com esta dissertação é, valendo-se de diversos embasamentos teóricos ligados aos Estudos Comparados e à Literatura Comparada, chegar a uma leitura analítica focada na compreensão da construção das duas formas narrativas de Vidas secas: romance (livro / narrativa original / linguagem literária) e filme (produto final de uma releitura audiovisual / linguagem cinematográfica / The dissertation Barren Lives, from book to film aims to comparatively study the structure and the issue of narration in Graciliano Ramoss book Vidas secas and in Nelson Pereira dos Santos film Vidas secas, taking into consideration the differences between literature and film, the patterns created by the process of adaptation, the circumstances within which the two works were produced and the temporal lap between the two pieces. Adapting a book into film is, in our opinion, much more a matter of admiration and dialogue than of establishing differences between one piece of work and the other. More than an adaptation of one of the Brazilian contemporary literatures masterpieces into film, the cinematic reading of Vidas secas made by Nelson Pereira dos Santos also aimed to intervene in its contemporary Brazilian political life, especially in the debate concerning the land ownership and the Brazilian social structure in the 1960s. In this dissertation, our aim is to build up an analytical reading of these two works, based on some concepts from Comparative Studies and Comparative Literature, trying to better understand the two pieces different structures, the books original literary narrative and the films cinematic narrative, considering the latter a result of an audiovisual comprehension and re-creation of the first.