published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Urban Studies / Master / Master of Social Sciences

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1995.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1998.

This thesis examines how planners negotiate urban design by examining a case study of a development project that was planned for the waterfront of Vancouver, British Columbia in the 1990s. This project, called Portside, was to be situated on land owned by the federal government, adjacent to the downtown of the City of Vancouver but not under their jurisdiction. The literatures in urban design and negotiation theory are iteratively searched to find where there is overlap between theoretical writing on related subjects and communicative or collaborative planning. Qualitative methodologies were used in researching this subject with emphasis on interviews of representatives of those parties involved in negotiations. The questions asked in the interviews mirror the progression of ideas in the theoretical underpinnings of the paper and form the framework around which the results are organized. The statements of the interview subjects form the basis of the about what works in negotiating urban design. High quality urban design is the result of a high quality design process-one that uses effective negotiation techniques and a mixed bag of practical planning tools. The theory of communicative planning acknowledges the importance of negotiation skills and multiple approaches to overcoming obstacles such as those found in the case study. The importance of visual communication skills, team cooperation, anticipation of problem areas, and flexibility within bureaucratic frameworks for planning professionals are underlined as a result of examining this development project. It is apparent that negotiating urban design happens often in Vancouver. It is also apparent that practitioners are unclear as to how they reach agreement in areas that can be subjective and unquantifiable, only that agreement is usually reached. The literature of communicative planning supplies suggestions as to how "messy" problems, such as negotiating urban design in a multi-stakeholder context, can be successfully overcome. And the techniques put forward in the theory are apparent in practice in this case. A high-quality communicative planning process, one that made good use of best negotiative practices coupled with effective design-specific communication, led to highquality urban design for this project. These methods were applied largely unconsciously by the participants as part of a mixed bag of practical planning tools.

This thesis explores the topic of seniors' participation in community planning. More specifically, it addresses the importance and relevance of including seniors, seniors' issues, and seniors' perspectives in community planning efforts, the circumstances under which seniors are most likely to become involved in community planning efforts, and guidelines for a practical process to encourage effective seniors' participation in developing local community plans. To address these issues, the thesis includes a review of the planning literature on public participation, a brief summary of relevant trends in gerontological literature, and an examination of the small amount of literature on seniors' participation in community planning. Two case studies in the District of North Vancouver, BC, "Seniors and the Lynn Valley Plan" and the "Seymour Local Plan Seniors' Forums," provide an example of a particular seniors' outreach process. This process is analysed for its effectiveness in including seniors, seniors' issues, and seniors' perspectives in local community plans and then factors influencing effectiveness are examined. This thesis reveals that the inclusion of seniors, seniors' issues, and seniors' perspectives engenders more accurate planning, increases acceptance of community plans, exercises democratic rights and duties, and promotes self-sufficiency and self-worth in individuals and communities. Seniors are most likely to become involved in community planning efforts when they feel included: when they feel they are fulfilling a meaningful role, when certain emotional needs are satisfied by the planning process, and when they are able to take advantage of participation opportunities, that is, when aging-related needs are taken into account in designing and implementing planning processes. The process employed in the two cases studied, with certain suggested improvements, is found to be an appropriate and effective method of including seniors, their issues, and their perspectives in community planning efforts.

Spausdinimo įrenginys „CITIZEN MD-910“ naudojamas kasos aparatuose, kaip kliento ir kontrolinės juostų spausdintuvas. Šis spausdintuvas plačiai naudojamas šiuose kasos aparatuose: ELCOM EURO-2000M, CASIO FE-800, DATECS MP-500, KONIC SR508F. Šiuos spausdintuvus remontuojant kasos aparatuose, iškyla pavojus, panaikinti kasos aparato atmintį, kurioje saugomi programiniai ir apyvartų duomenys. Spausdinimo įrenginio „CITIZEN MD-910“ patikros stendas kuriamas, tam, kad palengvinti kasos aparatų remonto darbus, taip sumažinant tikimybę panaikinti remontuojamo kasos aparato atmintį. Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti spausdinimo įrenginio „CITIZEN MD-910“ veikimo principą, elektrines bei mechanines charakteristikas. Taip pat, išsiaiškinti spausdintuvo dvigubos galvos adatų išsidėstymą, sukurti spausdinimo algoritmą, simbolių biblioteką ir valdymo programą. Spausdintuvas „CITIZEN MD-910“ bus dedamas į stendą ir pasiuntus į jį iš valdymo programos tekstą, tikrinamas jo veikimas. Stendas atitiks spausdintuvo realų darbinį režimą. Iš to, kaip vyks spausdinimas, ir iš atspausdinto teksto ant popieriaus juostos, bus sprendžiama apie spausdintuvo mechaninius ir elektronikos gedimus, adatų veikimą ir jų mušimo jėgą į popierių, bei tinkamumą tolesnei eksploatacijai. Spausdinimo įrenginio „CITIZEN MD-910“ patikros stendo pagrindinė kūrimo priežastis yra ta, jog nėra sukurtų panašių analogų, kurie palengvintų šių kasos aparatų spausdinimo įrenginių remonto darbus. / Dot impact printer mechanism “CITIZEN MD-910” is used in cash registers as a printer for customer receipts and journal paper ribbons. This printer is widely used in the cash registers such as ELCOM EURO-2000M, CASIO FE-800, DATECS MP-500, KONIC SR508F. Repairing these printers inside the cash registers there is a risk to delete the cash register’s memory in which programs and data of a turnover is stored. The dot impact printer mechanism “CITIZEN MD-910” test stand is being worked out to make the cash registers repairing easier and in this way to reduce the risk of deleting cash registers memory. The printer “CITIZEN MD-910” will be placed in the test stand and its work will be tested by sending text from the operating program into it. The stand will simulate real working conditions of the printer. Analyzing the printing process and the printed text on the paper ribbon it will be possible to decide on printer’s mechanical and electrical damage, work of wires and force they dot the paper, also, further usability. There are no similar analogues which could make the repairing of the cash registers dot impact printer mechanism “CITIZEN MD-910” easier and this is the main reason to work out the dot impact printer mechanism “CITIZEN MD-910” test stand.

No description available.

Current development thinking revolves around sustainable development, which must be achieved at every level of society in order to attain sustainable livelihoods. One way of fulfilling this, is by ensuring that human beings are put at the centre of the development process, that is, development should be woven around people and not people around development. In other words development should be participatory and people should have the opportunity to invest in the development of their capabilities in various facets of their life. This notion was applied to the Sanale community of Insiza District of Zimbabwe. The community in question mobilized itself around projects as a way of tackling mounting environmental and food security problems. The thrust of this thesis therefore is to establish how community participation enhances environmental management and how it can also lead to improvement of food security of the community in question. The study adopted a qualitative research paradigm which entails the non-numerical examination of phenomena focusing on the underlying meanings and patterns of relationships. This is because the study utilized a case study method as a way of gaining an in-depth understanding of the community. Hence, in order to obtain information on the activities of the community in as far as conservation and livelihood issues are concerned fieldwork was undertaken and interviews conducted with household respondents and key informants. A focus group discussion was also conducted with community members involved in programme activities. Review of documents and literature such as journals, occasional papers, proposals , brochures, organizational reports and internet search was conducted in order to obtain information from secondary sources and gain insights from the literature on the subject matter. Also the observation method was used to cross check claims made by both community and key informants with regard conservation and livelihood endeavors by the community. Research findings indicate that the Sanale community managed to pull itself out of a precarious position characterized by environmental degradation and constant food deficits. This was achieved through self-mobilisation and participation in project activities. Such initiatives impacted positively on the lives of poor Sanale villagers including women. It also emerged that projects in Sanale have led to full realization of human capabilities as the community in question presides over their own decisions, have cultivated the right attitude to plan and work resulting in natural resources conservation and fulfillment of livelihood needs. In short, participation of the community in their own development has been a key factor in the success of their projects. Such success can be measured in terms of the improvement of the situation of the community after the inception of projects as compared to before project inception. This was also made possible by stakeholders such as NGOs, Government departments, CBOs and local leaders who played a facilitator role. The study concluded that interactive participation and self-mobilisation of communities is a necessary ingredient for resource conservation and improvement of household food security. However, it emerged in the study that there is need to strengthen institutional structures, national or local, to allow full integration of environmental and developmental issues, at all levels of decision-making. Also important was the sustenance of the Sanale project beyond the life of grants such as GEFSGP and ERF. Further, fostering community participation in all stages of the project cycle is important for the project and community. Above all, the issue of sustainability should preoccupy such projects and multi-stakeholder partnerships should be encouraged if rural projects are to last into the foreseeable future. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.