Orientador: Luciana Ferreira Tatagiba / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:06:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amancio_JuliaMoretto_D.pdf: 3334767 bytes, checksum: 78024903de11962ac4585f4d3388f5d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A mobilização coletiva em torno das questões locais, protagonista na literatura especializada nas décadas 1970 e 80, deixou de ser central nos estudos sobre democracia e participação no Brasil e foi sendo substituída pelas análises sobre as instituições participativas ao longo dos anos 90. Este trabalho propõe-se a voltar seu olhar para as dinâmicas políticas microterritoriais, para os caminhos que ligam as comunidades que vivem nas periferias de São Paulo ao Estado, em busca de acesso às políticas públicas. A partir de uma abordagem exploratória, busca-se para compreender e caracterizar quais são os atores e interações sócio-políticas que ocorrem neste nível em torno da garantia de direitos coletivos. Demonstra-se que esta atuação coletiva ocorre na contramão da lógica especializada dos setores e mobiliza um variado repertório para encaminhar demandas e acessar o Estado. A análise da dinâmica política microterritorial revela a necessidade de ampliar o olhar e de incorporar outras perspectivas e categorias de análise a fim de compreender o processo histórico e relacional que explica estas lógicas de atuação nos territórios / Abstract: The local collective mobilization, the great protagonist in the 1970's and 80's on the Brazilian participation and democratic studies, was gradually being replaced by analyzes of the participatory institutions from the 90s. This dissertation proposes to return his focus to the microterritorial political dynamics, emphasizing the paths that connect the communities living in the periphery neighborhoods of Sao Paulo city. We chose to do an exploratory approach to understand and describe actors and socio-political interactions occur at this level around the guarantee of collective rights. The findings of this research show that collective mobilization occurs at this level against the logic of specialized public policies sectors and employs a wide repertoire of making demands and access the state. The analysis of the microterritorial political dynamics reveals the need to broaden perspectives and incorporate other to improve the knowledge on the historical and relation process that explain the political territories actions and these specifics / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutora em Ciências Sociais

Communities across the United States are experiencing a "civic revival" that is reconnecting community members with local decision-making and civic life in their communities. Since the 1980s, academic researchers and local governance reformers have advocated for a shift away from the traditional top-down, expert-driven approach to governance and toward a governance model in which government leaders and staff and community members work as partners to shape the community and make local decisions. Portland, Oregon, since the 1970s, has been known nationally and internationally as a city with a tradition of strong community involvement. Portland's successes and failures offer a valuable case study into what it takes to develop, implement, and sustain policies, structures, and programs that encourage greater participatory democracy. This dissertation reviews the evolution of Portland's community and neighborhood system from its creation in the 1970s through 2013 through an examination of the many reviews of the system over the years supplemented by reviews of newspaper accounts and informal, unstructured interviews with individuals who were involved in different processes and programs. This dissertation investigates which elements are important to the success of a city-wide community and neighborhood involvement system, the factors that help or hinder the adoption and implementation of system reforms, and strategies that help embed system advances to prevent them from being eroded or undone. This dissertation argues that a community that wants to move toward much greater participatory democracy and community governance must develop and implement a comprehensive strategy that accomplishes three goals: involving many more people in the civic life in their community, building community capacity to organize and be involved in local decision making, and significantly improving the willingness and ability of city leaders and staff to work in partnership with community members and organizations. This dissertation also argues that community and neighborhood involvement systems need to include not only traditional geographic-based neighborhood associations but also communities of people who find their community through shared identity.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this study was to locate the most suitable blocks to plant trees within Indianapolis, Indiana’s Near Eastside Community (NESCO). LiDAR data were utilized, with 1.0 meter average post spacing, captured by the Indiana Statewide Imagery and LiDAR Program from March 13, 2011 to April 30, 2012, to conduct a covertype classification and identify blocks that have low canopies, high impervious surfaces and high surface temperatures. Tree plantings in these blocks can help mitigate the effects of the urban heat island effect. Using 2010 U.S. Census demographic data and the principal component analysis, block groups with high social vulnerability were determined, and tree plantings in these locations could help reduce mortality from extreme heat events. This study also determined high and low priority plantable space in order to emphasize plantable spaces with the potential to shade buildings; this can reduce cooling costs and the urban heat island, and it can maximize the potential of each planted tree.