This empirical study identifies and analyses what conceptualisations of citizenship emerge in policy thinking around naturalisation and how these conceptualisations have been articulated in citizenship policy and by policy-makers in the two specific cases of the United Kingdom and Sweden. Understanding citizenship as a bounded membership status the research is grounded in a view of citizenship as having content: rights and duties, ideas of identity, perceived virtues or political values. Employing an interpretive methodology the study closely analyses the central policy documents from the period 1994-2007. It also extensively draws on material from over thirty in-depth elite interviews with policy-makers. These include David Blunkett and Ulrica Messing, the ministers responsible during the development of the key changes to citizenship legislation in the respective countries. In the Swedish case the thesis argues that five conceptualisations form the ideational context in which policy articulations of citizenship take place. Interplaying ideas of integration, equality and belonging are reinforced by conceptualisations of citizenship as about a „welcoming‟ symbolism and as „responding to a global, internationalising context‟. In the UK case five conceptualisations also emerge. A strong interlocking of thinking about integration and belonging provides citizenship policy‟s ideational foundation. Adding depth and complexity to this are ideas about diversity, „common values‟, and the presentation of citizenship acquisition as a „journey‟. The final section of the study analyses and compares the findings from the two specific cases. In considering the policy tone around naturalisation it contrasts the attention given to individual effort in the UK with the accentuation of entitlement in Sweden. It also highlights different conceptual approaches to belonging and its relationship with citizenship; with belonging strongly connected to identity in the UK but to the idea of emotional certainty and security in Sweden. This is argued to reflect distinct beliefs about where evolving ideas about citizenship create demands for change. In Sweden, legislative opening to dual citizenship was conceptualised as a necessary response expected of the state. In the UK, the introduction of citizenship tests was conceptualised as the establishment of a legitimate demand on individuals. Approaches in the two cases are also shown to differ in where emphasis lies in ideas about diversity‟s relationship with citizenship. The UK downplays notions of ethnicity while the Swedish conceptualisation accepts pluralism as the reality of contemporary globalisation.

This study looks at the linkages between incorporation models and public opinion. The intention of the study is to determine if a state’s incorporation model shapes public opinion or if public opinion shapes the incorporation model. Using Canada, France, and Great Britain as case studies, I explore the question of policy responsiveness to shifts in public opinion, as influenced by immigration, security, and economic concerns. By examining comparative polling data, major events timelines, and single state polling information, I determine that both incorporation models and public opinion have largely been stable over the past decade in Canada and France. In contrast, shifting public opinion in Great Britain has resulted in major changes to the incorporation model in place and relations between state and society. This suggests that there are major differences between the three states in the ways in which public opinion is incorporated into the decision- and policy-making process.

„Dviguba pilietybė Lietuvoje (viešojo diskurso analizė) 2002-2008 metais“ – tai tyrimas apie svarstybas Lietuvos Respublikos Seime ir Lietuvos bei išeivijos žiniasklaidoje dėl dvigubos pilietybės statuso pripažinimo teisiniame LR pilietybės reguliavime. Darbe analizuojamos viešojo diskurso funkcionavimo ypatybės dalyvių ir turinio aspektais. Žvelgiant į teisinio-politinio-visuomeninio lygmens veiksmus Lietuvoje ir išeivijos akcijas bei tarp šių pusių vykusią polemiką matyti, kad dvigubos pilietybės klausimas Lietuvoje keliamas trijuose pagrindiniuose kontekstuose: dviguba pilietybė kaip ryšio su lietuvių išeivija išsaugojimo priemonė; statuso pripažinimas ne lietuvių kilmės asmenims; galiausiai, dvigubų/keleriopų piliečių, gavusių LR pilietybę prezidentinės išimties tvarka, klausimas. Išanalizavus kiekybinio ir kokybinio tyrimo metu gautus duomenis pastebėta, kad diskusijose apie dvigubą pilietybę lietuvių kilmės asmenims gvildenama emigracijos problema, pabrėžiamas išeivijos indėlis į Lietuvos ekonominį, kultūrinį, visuomeninį gyvenimą, taip pat emocinio ryšio su Lietuva ir kilmės šaknų svarba. Nemažai dėmesio skiriama pilietybės instituto reikšmės kvestionavimui, piliečio ir valstybės tarpusavio įsipareigojimo (teisių ir pareigų) aspektais. Polemikoje dėl dvigubos pilietybės ne lietuvių kilmės asmenims paliečiamos restitucijos, grėsmės nacionaliniam saugumui klausimas ir diskriminacijos tautinių mažumų atžvilgiu elementas. Lietuvos patirtis suteikiant pilietybę išimties... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This research aims to analyse dual citizenship status in Lithuania as a concept in Parliamentary debates as well as in media throughout Lithuania and Lithuanian communities living abroad. Analysis has taken a two level direction – the main characteristics of participants and their groups in public discourse and its content examination at the same time. The changes in legal, political and social level in Lithuania in addition stimulated by Lithuanian Diaspora movements brought dual citizenship question into the discourse field in connection with three different contexts the topic is most often debated in. First of all, the development of a sending state pattern, where dual citizenship can be seen as a way to maintain links with Lithuanian Diaspora. Secondly, how it is seen in recognition of dual citizenship status for other ethnic origins residing in Lithuania and abroad. And finally, the topic can be viewed in the context of dual citizens by the rule of exception. In order to find an answer to the main objective of this research, study employs an eclectic methodological approach, comprising comparative qualitative and quantitative discourse analysis. Given results demonstrated that there is no overall tendency in the development of this field, however main topics can be recognised in each context. Such as emigration, the role of Lithuanian Diaspora and its contribution to economic, cultural, social life in Lithuania, the emotion and identity in expression of the relationship... [to full text]

Mobility, as the ability among newcomers and citizens to move temporarily and circularly across international borders and between states, has become a pervasive norm for a significant portion of Canada’s population. Despite its pervasive nature and the growing public interest, however, current research has been limited in how Canadian policies are reacting to the ability of citizens and newcomers to move. This thesis seeks to fill that gap by analyzing Canada’s treatment of mobility within and across policies of immigration, citizenship and foreign affairs. An analytical mobility framework is developed to incorporate interdisciplinary work on human migration and these policy domains. Using this framework, an examination of policy developments in each domain in the last decade reveals that they diverge in isolation and from a whole-of-government perspective around the treatment of mobility. In some instances policy accommodates or even embraces mobility, and in others it restricts it.

There has been a significant interest amongst immigrants in obtaining Canadian citizenship, dating all the way back to the end of World War Two in 1945. This thesis is particularly interested in what knowledge and skills these immigrants obtain as a result of their experiences in the citizenship education programs provided by the federal government prior to them becoming official citizens of Canada.<p>This thesis has a number of objectives. First, it intends to track the evolution of citizenship policy in Canada from 1945 to the present time, with a particular focus on the changes made to the citizenship education system. Secondly, an assessment of the adequacy of the changes made to the citizenship education system will be conducted, focusing primarily on whether or not those changes have provided newcomers to Canada with the knowledge and skills necessary to be active and informed citizens. Finally, suggestions will be offered as to how citizenship education programs can best provide new Canadians with a more well-rounded quality of citizenship. <p>The evolution of citizenship policy and the assessment of the changes made to citizenship education from 1945 to the present time reveal a number of findings, with many of them pointing to citizenship education policy and programming in Canada as being inadequate. The findings identify a lack of political leadership and financial resources provided for citizenship training initiatives, as well as a painfully basic citizenship education curriculum provided for newcomers to Canada. <p>The central contention of this thesis is that the federal government regards citizenship education as little more than a short-term goal. In other words, the priority is to speed up the processing of newcomers rather than to develop good citizens. Immigrants are provided with basic knowledge and language skills, but are largely left to fend for themselves once official citizenship has been attained. This short-term focus has resulted in a diminution of the quality and importance of Canadian citizenship and has impaired the ability of new citizens to feel comfortable participating in Canadian society. <p>The significance of these findings is that policy makers need to develop a long-term citizenship education strategy that focuses on providing long-term benefits to new citizens to Canada. Such a strategy will help to maximize the potential contributions of the growing immigrant population to Canadian society and will provide much needed clarity of roles and responsibilities to citizenship education service providers and instructors.

There has been a significant interest amongst immigrants in obtaining Canadian citizenship, dating all the way back to the end of World War Two in 1945. This thesis is particularly interested in what knowledge and skills these immigrants obtain as a result of their experiences in the citizenship education programs provided by the federal government prior to them becoming official citizens of Canada.<p>This thesis has a number of objectives. First, it intends to track the evolution of citizenship policy in Canada from 1945 to the present time, with a particular focus on the changes made to the citizenship education system. Secondly, an assessment of the adequacy of the changes made to the citizenship education system will be conducted, focusing primarily on whether or not those changes have provided newcomers to Canada with the knowledge and skills necessary to be active and informed citizens. Finally, suggestions will be offered as to how citizenship education programs can best provide new Canadians with a more well-rounded quality of citizenship. <p>The evolution of citizenship policy and the assessment of the changes made to citizenship education from 1945 to the present time reveal a number of findings, with many of them pointing to citizenship education policy and programming in Canada as being inadequate. The findings identify a lack of political leadership and financial resources provided for citizenship training initiatives, as well as a painfully basic citizenship education curriculum provided for newcomers to Canada. <p>The central contention of this thesis is that the federal government regards citizenship education as little more than a short-term goal. In other words, the priority is to speed up the processing of newcomers rather than to develop good citizens. Immigrants are provided with basic knowledge and language skills, but are largely left to fend for themselves once official citizenship has been attained. This short-term focus has resulted in a diminution of the quality and importance of Canadian citizenship and has impaired the ability of new citizens to feel comfortable participating in Canadian society. <p>The significance of these findings is that policy makers need to develop a long-term citizenship education strategy that focuses on providing long-term benefits to new citizens to Canada. Such a strategy will help to maximize the potential contributions of the growing immigrant population to Canadian society and will provide much needed clarity of roles and responsibilities to citizenship education service providers and instructors.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-09-20T13:30:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - THIAGO ALLISSON.pdf: 34051320 bytes, checksum: 41574838a71083fe80b6904d2c4c4baf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T13:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - THIAGO ALLISSON.pdf: 34051320 bytes, checksum: 41574838a71083fe80b6904d2c4c4baf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-02 / Policy Evaluation of the National Program of Public Security and Citizenship. Analyzes the phenomenon of violence based on various theoretical constructs as well as its causes, impacts and importance of control mechanisms, assuming the legitimate monopoly of force by the State and its protective purpose. Traverses the path of security policies to the current public security policy. Investigates the recognition of the fundamental right to the public safety. Discusses it as a policy that combines Methodologically, it uses a literature review through a literature research, analysis of documents and data related to the Program and to the activities developed to achieve public safety. Evaluates if the conceptions of citizenship aims to maintain or change the order. Asks about the political priorities of the State regarding the application of resources. Reflects if PRONASCI meets the constitutional sense of protection to the human person and if favors a committed participation of civil society in collaboration with the government and questioned his motives. Discusses the rationalities, interests and expectations that guided the development of this policy and encourages the production of scientific knowledge to the build of an environment for discussion and for incentive further studies and reflections on the management and construction of the Brazilian res publica. / Avaliação Política do Programa Nacional de Segurança Pública com Cidadania. Analisa o fenômeno da violência à luz de diversas construções teóricas assim como suas causas, impactos e a importância dos mecanismos de controle, pressupondo o monopólio legítimo da força pelo Estado e sua finalidade protetiva. Percorre o trajeto das políticas de segurança pública até a hodierna configuração de uma política pública de segurança. Investiga o reconhecimento do direito fundamental à segurança pública. Discute o PRONASCI como uma política que alia estratégias preventivas e repressivas no enfrentamento às violências. Metodologicamente, utiliza de revisão de literatura por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, análise de documentos e dados referentes ao Programa e às atividades desenvolvidas para a concretização da segurança pública. Avalia se as concepções de cidadania almejam a manutenção ou a transformação da ordem. Indaga acerca das prioridades políticas do Estado no que tange à aplicação dos recursos. Reflete se o PRONASCI atende o sentido constitucional de proteção à pessoa humana e favorece uma participação comprometida da sociedade civil em colaboração com o poder público e questiona seus motivos. Discute as racionalidades, interesses e expectativas que nortearam a elaboração desta política e fomenta a produção do conhecimento científico para a construção de um ambiente de discussão e de estímulo para novos estudos e reflexões sobre a gestão e construção da res publica brasileira.