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This diploma thesis deals with the impact of turistification and decentralization of functions on the use of city centre of Třeboň. The aim is to evaluate how changed the functional use of buildings in the city centre over the past 20 years, who visits the city centre in a variety of daily and yearly periods and whether there is depopulation of the city centre. It has been shown that in Třeboň grows mainly outer zone of the city, while in the city centre is a gradual loss of permanent residents. Over the past 20 years there has been a change in functional use of buildings in the city centre in favor of commercial functions and services for tourism. Due turistification and decentralization leads to depopulation of city centre primarily during out of the tourist season.

Play is not only essential to child development but for human development. Therefore, it was important to study caregivers' views of play as they impact the amount of play that takes place in their child's life. As part of a group research project, the researcher, who is a social worker by profession and is studying through the University of Pretoria, explored the views of caregivers on play. Play may have transformed and evolved over time and will continue to transform; play may mean something completely different in different contexts, which was explored further, but the important thing is that children should still be provided with the opportunity to play, no matter how it is defined. Thus, to explore these evolving views of play the researcher conducted a study into caregivers' views on play and play areas, specifically within the Durban City Centre, eThekwini District. The study followed a qualitative research approach, where detailed descriptions were gathered from caregivers on their views of play and play areas, within the context of Durban city centre. Caregivers' views on play and play areas within Durban were explored using applied research as the appropriate type of research. The most effective method of gathering information regarding the views of caregivers on play and play areas was the collective case study research design, which was utilised. Interviews, specifically semi-structured interviews were used as the method of data collection. The focus of these interviews was to gather more detailed, personal and in depth information. Purposive, non-probability sampling was utilised within this study, as the entire population was and is still unknown to the researcher. The goals and objectives of the study were to theoretically contextualise the role of play in the lives of children in early childhood. To explore and describe caregivers' views on play in the lives of their children and explore and describe how and whether caregivers engage with their children in play. To explore and describe caregivers' views of the availability and utilisation of public play areas for their children. Finally, the last objective was to raise awareness among caregivers, professionals and local authorities on the value of play and access to play areas through conclusions and recommendations of this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data gathered was analysed. The researcher identified four themes, with subthemes. These themes focused on the views that caregivers' have regarding play in the lives of their children. Caregiver's involvement in this play was also examined. Influences of caregiver's culture and own upbringing on these views surrounding play were another theme. Public play spaces were a focus within this study, examining who had access to a public play space and what factors encourage usage. Recommendations were given by the caregivers on how to make public play spaces more effective and useful to the community. From the findings of the study, the researcher identified several recommendations that could be given to professionals that deal with caregivers, recommendations to municipalities and local governments and finally for future research. / Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Social Work and Criminology / MSW / Unrestricted

This thesis focuses on problems related to unregulated construction of shopping malls in the city centres. Shopping malls are often built considering their negative effects on small merchants, urban environment etc. This particular problem was analyzed in two cities (Pardubice and Liberec) using elements of Retail Impact Assessment study and counterfactual impact evaluation method. Results showed that placing the shopping malls to the city centre changes the structure of retail units in its vicinity. Since customers prefer larger shopping facilities, their shopping behaviour changes, and small merchants are forced to addapt and compete with "all under one roof" shopping centers. Some of them cannot compete with these centers and are forced to close. Contribution of this research focuses on application of unique methods which indicated a need to regulate and coordinate building of large shopping centers within Czech cities. Key words: retail impact assessment, city centre, vitality, shopping mall

<p>Several cities have implemented various projects to improve traffic safety in city centers.During 1970s and 1980s the city centers changed as the suburbs grew and large shopping centers were located outside the center. At the same time, several projects were initiated with construction of pedestrian streets and restriction of traffic in the center. In year 1994,shared-used areas were introduced in Sweden and these areas are often used in center environments.</p><p>In Sweden, municipalities are responsible for integrating security in public places and in comprehensive plans and detailed development plans. The National Board of Housing,Building and Planning is the authority for administrating planning issues and develop general guidance about planning. Traffic is one of their key issues, although today there are no concrete guidelines from the National Board of Housing, Building and Planningfor the design of traffic safety in city centers.</p><p>Traffic safety in city centers affects many people because the city center is a public place.It is therefore important that there are current guidelines available that are helpful for changes and improvements in traffic safety in the city center.</p><p>The purpose of this report is to formulate guidelines for planning city centers from a traffic safety perspective. The aim is that the guidelines can be applied in the design of smaller city centers for improving traffic safety. For this report two case studies were implemented that included inventories and observations of Bollnäs and Sandviken city centers. The results showed that many of the streets did not function well and that there was a lack of design in the city centre center from a traffic safety perspective, for example pedestrian crossings and car parks.</p><p>Inventories and observations are good methods to see how the traffic environment in the city center varies in use and function. The observations and inventories resulted in guidelines with recommendations for the design of streets and traffic in small city centers.</p> / <p>Flera städer har genomfört olika projekt för att öka trafiksäkerheten i stadscentrumen.Under 1970-talet och 1980-talet förändrades stadscentrum i takt med att förorter växte fram och externa köpcentrum etablerades utanför centrum. Samtidigt påbörjades flera projekt med att anlägga gågator och begränsa biltrafiken i centrum. År 1994 infördes gårdsgator i Sverige och dessa används ofta i centrummiljöer.</p><p>I Sverige är det kommunerna som ansvarar för att säkerhet integreras planering av offentliga platser. Boverket är den myndighet som förvaltar frågor och tar fram allmänna råd angående planering. Trafik är en av deras viktigaste planeringsfrågor men idag finns inga konkreta råd från Boverket för utformning av trafiksäkra centrum.</p><p>Trafiksäkerhet i stadscentrum påverkar många människor eftersom att centrum är enoffentlig plats. Därför är det viktigt att det finns aktuella riktlinjer som är till hjälp vid förändringar och förbättringar i trafiksäkerheten i centrum.</p><p>Rapportens syfte var att utforma riktlinjer för planering av mindre stadscentrum ur ett trafiksäkerhetsperspektiv. För att kunna upprätta riktlinjer genomfördes två fallstudier.Dessa innefattade inventering och observation av Bollnäs och Sandvikens centrum.Bollnäs och Sandvikens centrum hade liknande funktioner av gatorna. Centrumens kärna fungerade till stor del som transportsträckor men även som promenadgator. Resultaten visade att många av gatornas tänka funktioner inte fungerade och att det fanns bristandeutformning av olika målpunkter, exempelvis övergångsställen och bilparkeringar.</p><p>Inventeringar och observationer är bra metoder för att se hur trafikmiljön i centrumfungerar eftersom användning och funktion av olika målpunkter varierar.Observationerna och inventeringen resulterade i riktlinjer med rekommendationer för utformning av gator och trafikmiljö i mindre stadscentrum.</p>

Several cities have implemented various projects to improve traffic safety in city centers.During 1970s and 1980s the city centers changed as the suburbs grew and large shopping centers were located outside the center. At the same time, several projects were initiated with construction of pedestrian streets and restriction of traffic in the center. In year 1994,shared-used areas were introduced in Sweden and these areas are often used in center environments. In Sweden, municipalities are responsible for integrating security in public places and in comprehensive plans and detailed development plans. The National Board of Housing,Building and Planning is the authority for administrating planning issues and develop general guidance about planning. Traffic is one of their key issues, although today there are no concrete guidelines from the National Board of Housing, Building and Planningfor the design of traffic safety in city centers. Traffic safety in city centers affects many people because the city center is a public place.It is therefore important that there are current guidelines available that are helpful for changes and improvements in traffic safety in the city center. The purpose of this report is to formulate guidelines for planning city centers from a traffic safety perspective. The aim is that the guidelines can be applied in the design of smaller city centers for improving traffic safety. For this report two case studies were implemented that included inventories and observations of Bollnäs and Sandviken city centers. The results showed that many of the streets did not function well and that there was a lack of design in the city centre center from a traffic safety perspective, for example pedestrian crossings and car parks. Inventories and observations are good methods to see how the traffic environment in the city center varies in use and function. The observations and inventories resulted in guidelines with recommendations for the design of streets and traffic in small city centers. / Flera städer har genomfört olika projekt för att öka trafiksäkerheten i stadscentrumen.Under 1970-talet och 1980-talet förändrades stadscentrum i takt med att förorter växte fram och externa köpcentrum etablerades utanför centrum. Samtidigt påbörjades flera projekt med att anlägga gågator och begränsa biltrafiken i centrum. År 1994 infördes gårdsgator i Sverige och dessa används ofta i centrummiljöer. I Sverige är det kommunerna som ansvarar för att säkerhet integreras planering av offentliga platser. Boverket är den myndighet som förvaltar frågor och tar fram allmänna råd angående planering. Trafik är en av deras viktigaste planeringsfrågor men idag finns inga konkreta råd från Boverket för utformning av trafiksäkra centrum. Trafiksäkerhet i stadscentrum påverkar många människor eftersom att centrum är enoffentlig plats. Därför är det viktigt att det finns aktuella riktlinjer som är till hjälp vid förändringar och förbättringar i trafiksäkerheten i centrum. Rapportens syfte var att utforma riktlinjer för planering av mindre stadscentrum ur ett trafiksäkerhetsperspektiv. För att kunna upprätta riktlinjer genomfördes två fallstudier.Dessa innefattade inventering och observation av Bollnäs och Sandvikens centrum.Bollnäs och Sandvikens centrum hade liknande funktioner av gatorna. Centrumens kärna fungerade till stor del som transportsträckor men även som promenadgator. Resultaten visade att många av gatornas tänka funktioner inte fungerade och att det fanns bristandeutformning av olika målpunkter, exempelvis övergångsställen och bilparkeringar. Inventeringar och observationer är bra metoder för att se hur trafikmiljön i centrumfungerar eftersom användning och funktion av olika målpunkter varierar.Observationerna och inventeringen resulterade i riktlinjer med rekommendationer för utformning av gator och trafikmiljö i mindre stadscentrum.

This thesis aims at discovering how the city of Oslo can use an opportunity in rebuilding its city centre and begin to include the voices and opinions of marginalised communities that were otherwise previously ignored in planning processes. The theory and approach utilised throughout this thesis is feminist urban planning and gender mainstreaming because the two call for the equality and intersectionality so to appropriately rebuild cities with the needs of many in mind. As such, my hypotheses are that the car free centre will not improve the quality of life for marginalised user groups and the lack of gender mainstreaming policy has negatively impacted the five pilot project areas. Three methodologies have been employed: observations of the five pilot projects, interviews or questionnaires to stakeholders, and secondary analysis of literature. The results from the observations were varied, with some examples of gender mainstreaming practices implemented while others fell short and safety of users was questioned. Some practitioners had knowledge on feminist urban planning theory, whilst others had vague ideas of what it meant and how it was implementable in practice. To conclude, implementing gender mainstreaming policies would have gravely assisted the five pilot projects.

This Diplomas thesis is focused on the area of public transport in the centre of Pilsen and its optimization in a long term. In the methodology part are defined basic terms of public transport and theoretical outcomes for urban and suburban public transport systems. Next there is a description of means of transport and methods of preference used in public transport. Shortly is introduced the legal framework of public transport in Czech Republic. The processes of transport management especially the process of planning are described in detail. The last subchapter of the methodology part describes integrated transport systems. The analytical part of the thesis begins with the description of the Pilsen as a regional centre and the analysis of its urban and suburban transport system. The deficits of the system are grouped into problem areas; for each problem area is suggested an optimization: the new bus terminal in Šumavská street near the Pilsen main train station, the interconnection of Borská street with the intersection Karlovarská/Lidická and usage of the north-west bypass by public transport.

The target of this diploma thesis is to create and compare variants dealing with a complicated traffic situation in Brno-Komín. Two dynamic responsive signal-controlled junctions situated in close proximity constitute the researched area. The situation is complicated by the presence of a streetcar crossing. Conducted traffic surveys represent the first part of the thesis. Data supplied by a junction's administrator are then added to the survey results. All acquired data serve as background information for designing possible solutions. Most of the work is connected with a capacity analysis which is done according to valid regulations. A microscopic simulation is implemented to examine impacts of selected concepts. The presented concepts are then evaluated financially. Finally, an optimal variant for implementation is suggested.

Städte müssen sich mit Defiziten urbaner Handelslagen auseinandersetzen, die sich in der Zunahme von Gewerbeleerständen und einem Rückgang der Besucherfrequenz äußern. Mit dem drohenden Funktionsverlust des stationären Handels ist die Multifunktionalität der Zentren gefährdet. Doch gerade der vielseitige Zentrumscharakter ist identitätsstiftend für unsere Städte. Die Gründe für den Funktionsverlust sind mehrschichtig. Um sich der Problematik zu stellen, bedarf es einer integrierten Betrachtungsweise. Mit SURTRADE startete 2017 ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsprojekt, welches zukunftsfähige Konzepte für den stationären Handel in Zeiten von Globalisierung und Digitalisierung untersucht.