The diploma thesis aims to contribute to the clarification of the process of shaping new EU climate and energy policy and to describe European lobbying groups entering in the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework policy-making process. The thesis aims to assess influence and participation of selected lobbying groups in this policy-making process. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the theoretical aspects of energy policy, further it provides the definition of basic terms and description of the EU legislative process in terms of lobbying. The second chapter explains energy policy in the context of fight against climate change and defines this issue at international and European level. The last chapter of the thesis deals with the current policy-making process of the 2030 policy framework for climate and energy and specifically focuses on lobbying activities and the intensity of lobbying impact of selected political, governmental and social actors according to the classification of interest groups by Howlett and Ramesh.

The focus of the dissertation is based on the previous research of a relatively new field of environmental governance posed by climate change policy. The implementation of the climate change policy in Europe is then a subject to the discussion over the consistency of that policy with one of the fundamental goals of European integration. That goal is building an internal market as well as ensuring fair competition in such a market. The interaction of these two areas is a key objective of this research work. Given the complexity of the topic, the dissertation, for sake of clarity, is defined more narrowly. On one hand, the thesis provides with an analysis of European climate policy and its main instruments for regulating carbon emissions in the European economy - the European Union emission trading system (EU ETS). On the other hand, the thesis also provides with a description of the European competition policy. The reason is, as mentioned above, that the competition policy is a fundamental policy that guarantees the consistency of the implementation of environmental policies with the building of the internal market. The author analysed in the thesis basic measures implemented within the framework of those with the aim to prove out whether both policies are in mutual accord and whether they do function under the real terms. Based on the results achieved, the author can make following conclusions: The EU ETS mechanism decided for the European Union proved out to be a cost-efficient choice of emission reduction, despite of some temporary weakness that it has. Also, it can be concluded, that the allocation method is the ultimate criterion that determines both the efficiency of the climate action in Europe as well as its compliance with the competition policy. Stemming from that conclusion, there has been some strong evidence given that grandfathering has not been always in line with the state aid rules existing now in the environment protection. Last but not least, the optional use of the Article 10c of the Directive 2003/87/EC seems to be, from what one can say now, fully in line with the state aid rules valid in the European Union. However, further research in this field might be of very use in the future.

Le changement climatique a acquis, durant ces cinquante dernières années, une dimension politique et juridique. En 2009, le Traité de Lisbonne a intégré la lutte contre le changement climatique parmi les objectifs prioritaires de la politique environnementale internationale de l’Union européenne, en reconnaissant la volonté de l’Europe de jouer un rôle de leader mondial dans ce domaine. Cette thèse porte sur la lutte contre le changement climatique en droit de l’Union européenne. Dans la première Partie, nous analyserons tout d’abord l’ambition européenne dans le cadre des négociations internationales, lieu d’émergence de la gouvernance climatique. Puis, nous examinerons le système des compétences de l’UE pour évaluer si ce dernier permet de répondre efficacement aux défis que le changement climatique pose. La seconde Partie porte sur la mise en oeuvre de la politique climatique européenne, en présentant les principaux instruments – notamment le paquet énergie-climat – et en montrant les mécanismes à la disposition de l’Union européenne pour mettre en cohérence cette politique transversale et pour influencer l’action climatique globale par ses mesures internes. Cette analyse aide à la compréhension des apports européens, passés et présents, à la construction d’une gouvernance climatique mondiale efficace. Les caractéristiques spécifiques du changement climatique en font en outre un point d’observation privilégié pour l’étude de certaines dynamiques propres à la construction européenne. / Over the last fifty years, climate change has acquired a political and a legal dimension. In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty included combating climate change among the objectives of the European Union’s international environmental policy, demonstrating the will of the EU to play a leading global role in this domain. This thesis studies the development of the fight against climate change in EU law. In Part I we analyse European ambitions within the framework of international negotiations, where climate governance originally emerged. Then, we examine the European system of competence in order to better understand whether or not it actually serves as the most effective approach to tackling climate change issues. Part II concerns the implementation of the EU climate change policy. Here, we present its main instruments, i.e. the climate and energy package, and examine the mechanisms that the EU uses to give coherence to this cross-cutting policy and influence global climate action by way of internal measures taken. Our analysis furthers the understanding of European contributions, both past and present, to the construction of effective international climate governance. Moreover, the subject of climate change, a major global challenge with an array of specific characteristics, provides us with a privileged point of view to examine several dynamics of the construction of European integration.