Mgr. Pavlína Chaloupská, abstrakt disertační práce Abstract: The thesis analyzes activities of the most important German Alpine clubs operating in the Czech Lands and interwar Czechoslovakia since their establishment until 1938. The history of alpine clubs is explained, and the organization of DuÖAV (Deutscher und Österreichischer Alpenverein, German and Austrian Alpine Association) is analysed, on the basis of general and specific introductory information related to the alpinism in the late 19th century. The thesis is divided according to geographical location of the constituent sections. For each section of DuÖAV, the circumstances of its establishment are monitored, the sphere of its activity is defined, the internal organization is described, and the economic functioning is analyzed. The activities of Alpine clubs in Bohemia and Alps are charted in detail, and based on the research it was discovered that the most important activity of the Alpine clubs was the construction of the Alpine huts, owned by German clubs from Bohemia. Among other activities there were organization of guiding and rescue operations, giving lectures, balls and excursions in their locality. Two chapters are devoted to the most important personalities of the German alpinism in the Czech lands: Johann Stüdl and Rudolf Kauschka.

The task of this graduation thesis is a composition and verification of the climbing methodology for pupils of 6th {--} 9th classes of an elementary school. The theoretical part is concerned with the illustration of individual knowledge, skills and technics unnecessary for bouldering. Secondly, the question of safety and suitability of this sport for children of the older school age including frequent mistakes in the teaching methodology as well as climbing itself is dealt. The content of the practical part submits especially fourteen teaching units elaborated in the methodological range and analysis of six chosen verification units realized at two groups of probands including their reflection and expert evaluation of the observer. The main part of verification lessons is documented on a video record, which is instrumental to the retrospective appreciation of the verification lesson process.

Orientador Silvia Cristina Franco Amaral / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vargas_GabrielRocha_M.pdf: 2249147 bytes, checksum: 8f94e9d3add9bf9c09c6ba3b65272f3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nessa pesquisa, lanço um olhar sobre o Grupo de Escalada e Montanhismo da Unicamp (GEEU) a partir do pressuposto de que as práticas relacionadas ao grupo de escalada residem na esfera do lazer. Estudo as configurações da participação no GEEU, focando a prática engajada à escalada como irrestrita ao seu exercício, ou seja, que não pode ser explicada analisando apenas a ação da prática central isoladamente. Através das particularidades da sua prática e das relações entre seus participantes, tanto a escalada em geral quanto o GEEU criam espaços para a construção de sentidos que atribuem significados à experiência de lazer. Conforme será demonstrado ao longo do trabalho, essas práticas são potenciais vetores de um lazer que pode ser caracterizado como significativo e promotor da experiência. Assim, o objetivo, nessa pesquisa, é investigar os significados das práticas do GEEU. Para alcançar tal objetivo, exploro a experiência da escalada no referido grupo, os significados que dela emergem e os que são atribuídos pelos sujeitos que nela se envolvem. O método empregado parte da necessidade de adentrar no mundo dos sujeitos pesquisados, conhecendo suas particularidades, os sentidos e os significados. Realizei, então, uma observação participante ao longo de dezoito meses em campo, convivendo com os sujeitos e incorporando o habitus da escalada para uma compreensão aprofundada desse universo. Adicionalmente, conduzi oito entrevistas com membros do GEEU em que algumas informações específicas que não emergiram espontaneamente em campo puderam ser mais bem exploradas. Para auxiliar na compreensão das múltiplas facetas do grupo de escalada, recupero um modelo teórico que traz fundamentos que dialogam extensamente com o visto e o não visto no trabalho de campo: a Serious Leisure Perspective de Robert Stebbins. Lanço mão das categorias definidas por esse modelo para discutir as práticas do GEEU já em um processo de contextualização através de um diálogo com elementos da escalada incorporados na pesquisa de campo. Assim, demonstro que a escalada, como um todo, constitui uma cultura com suas próprias atitudes, crenças, valores, práticas e expectativas. Logo, ela assume a forma de um mundo social. Esses elementos indicam que a existência em grupo e o exercício de uma identidade forjada dentro de um universo com seu ethos e suas idiossincrasias são um fator fundamental na formação de um mundo social como espaço coletivo da experiência de lazer. Ao demonstrar a complexidade do universo da escalada e do GEEU, evidencia-se que não são as sensações ou o status promovido pela ação central, apenas, que constituem a atração e motivação para a participação na atividade. Mais que isso, é a atuação no grupo de escalada que provê uma extensa e profunda carga de sentidos e significados ao participante, preenchendo uma existência individual. O sujeito encontra, além do prazer da atividade, a oportunidade de forjar uma identidade, de compartilhar valores com seus pares, de empreender ações outrora inalcançáveis, de estipular e alcançar suas próprias metas e desafios. Muitas vezes os escaladores visitam o GEEU não para escalar, mas apenas para entrar desfrutar desses elementos / Abstract: In this research, I studied the Unicamp Climbing and Mountaineering Group (GEEU) from the standpoint that the practices related to the climbing group resides in the sphere of leisure. I study settings of participation in GEEU, focusing on the engaged practice of climbing as an unrestricted pursuit, i.e., that cannot be explained only by analyzing the actions of the central practice alone. Through the particularities of this practice and the relations between the participants, both climbing in general as GEEU create spaces for the construction of meanings attached to the leisure experience. As will be demonstrated throughout the work, these practices are potential vectors of a leisure that can be characterized as meaningful and promoter of experience. So, the objective in this research is to investigate the meanings of practices in GEEU. To achieve this goal, I explore the experience of climbing in that group, the meanings that emerge from it and those who are assigned by the subjects involved in it. The method emerges from the need to enter the world of the studied subjects, knowing its particularities, the senses and meanings. It was realized, then, a participant observation over eighteen months on field, living with the subjects and incorporating the climbing habitus for a deeper understanding of this universe. Additionally, I conducted interviews with eight GEEU members in which some specific information that did not emerged previously on the field in a spontaneous sense could be better exploited. To assist in the understanding the multiple facets of the climbing group, I sought a theoretical model that brings grounds that widely dialogues with the seen and not seen in the fieldwork: the Robert Stebbins?s Serious Leisure Perspective. I make use of the categories defined by this model to discuss the practices of GEEU already in a process of contextualization through a dialogue with elements of climbing incorporated in field research. Thus, I show that the climb, as a whole, is a culture with their own attitudes, beliefs, values, practices and expectations. Therefore, it takes the form of a social world. These elements indicate that the existence and exercise of a group identity forged in a universe with its ethos and its idiosyncrasies are a key factor in the formation of a social world as a collective space for leisure experience. Demonstrating the complexity of the universe of climbing and GEEU, it is evident that are not only the sensations or status promoted by central action that constitute the attraction and motivation for participation in the activity. More than that, the participation in the climbing group that provides a wide and deep range of meanings to the participant, filling an individual existence. The subject finds, beside the pleasure of the activity, the opportunity to forge an identity, to share values with their peers, to undertake actions once unreachable, to stipulate and achieve their own goals and challenges. Often, climbers visit the GEEU not to climb, but only to enjoy these elements / Mestrado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Mestre em Educação Física

Orientador: Neusa Taroda Ranga / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:57:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rezende_AndreiaAlves_D.pdf: 680315 bytes, checksum: 35c8e450ad258314b9f2c48dbcf0cd7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Lianas são plantas que germinam no solo, mantêm-se enraizadas durante toda a vida e necessitam de suporte físico para alcançarem o dossel. Elas são membros característicos das florestas tropicais, onde contribuem com cerca de 25% da diversidade vegetal. Às vezes, dominam a vegetação, principalmente em áreas perturbadas. Lianas competem com árvores por nutrientes e luz, e influenciam a taxa de crescimento e a mortalidade de sua árvore hospedeira. Embora as lianas iniciem sua escalada a partir do chão, muitas colonizam árvores vizinhas pelo dossel da floresta, ¿amarrando-se¿ às outras, podendo ocasionar a queda de várias árvores quando uma delas cai. Devido a sua abundância e o seu impacto sobre as árvores, é de grande importância conhecer os fatores que governam a distribuição e dinâmica das lianas na floresta tropical e, assim, desenvolver estratégias de uso sustentável. Assim, os objetivos desta tese foram: (1) avaliar a riqueza e abundância das lianas e (2) a relação das lianas com as características do hospedeiro e com a estrutura da floresta. O trabalho foi realizado em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, com cerca de 435,73 ha, na Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria, SP. Foram amostradas 100 parcelas de 10 x 10 m (1 ha). As lianas com diâmetro ³ 1 cm e as árvores ³ 3 cm enraizadas nas parcelas foram medidas no DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito - 1,30m) e identificadas. Amostrou-se 1427 indivíduos de 45 espécies de lianas, pertencentes a 14 famílias, sendo as mais ricas: Bignoniaceae (14 espécies), Sapindaceae (nove) e Malpighiaceae (seis), e as mais abundantes Bignoniaceae, Sapindaceae e Apocynaceae. A riqueza de lianas foi aproximadamente igual à metade (razão 0,51) da riqueza de árvores (87 espécies). A densidade média de lianas e árvores foi semelhante, cerca de 1400 indivíduos/ha. Melloa quadrivalvis (Bignoniaceae) foi a espécie mais comum na área estudada. Do total de indivíduos de lianas amostrados, 57,6% apresentaram diâmetros entre 1 - 2,5 cm, correspondendo a 95% da riqueza total amostrada. Das 1419 árvores amostradas, 53% carregavam pelo menos uma liana. As espécies menos infestadas que a média geral foram Inga marginata, Piper amalago, Trichia catigua e T. claussenii, e somente uma, Machaerium paraguariense, foi mais infestada que a média, considerando todas as espécies. Os resultados, de modo geral, não apoiaram a hipótese de especificidade entre espécies de lianas e espécies de árvores, pois a riqueza e a diversidade de espécies de lianas aumentaram com a proporção de infestação. Se houvesse especificidade, esperar-se-ia que uma espécie de árvore fosse mais infestada por uma determinada espécie de liana. O mecanismo de escalada das lianas não influenciou o número de árvores que cada liana escalou, embora tenha ocorrido associação positiva entre árvores com casca rugosa e lianas com gavinhas. Considerando-se as características individuais do hospedeiro, as árvores com diâmetros maiores apresentaram maior densidade de lianas. Com relação às características da vizinhança, as diferenças encontradas provavelmente se devem as condições de luminosidade do ambiente. As parcelas com maior proporção de árvores com DAP > 30 cm apresentaram relação negativa significativa com a densidade de lianas. A relação foi positiva em parcelas com maior proporção de árvores com copas £ 3 m de altura. Assim, as evidências deste estudo sugerem que a distribuição das lianas foi mais influenciada por características da comunidade do que pelas características das espécies de árvores presentes / Abstract: Lianas are soil-germinating plants, perennially rooted and which need support to reach the canopy. They are characteristically from the rain forests, where they contribute with near 25% of vegetal diversity. Lianas compete with trees for nutrients and light, influencing growth and mortality rates of its host tree. Although lianas begin their life on the ground, many of them colonize vicinity trees through the forest canopy, ¿tying¿ themselves to the others, and may cause the fall of many trees. Due to their abundance and impact over other trees, it is important to know the factors governing distribution and dynamics of the lianas in order to better understand the rain forest and to develop sustainable strategies. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to assess the richness and abundance of lianas, and (2) to establish the relation of lianas with the characteristics of the hosts and the structure of the forest. The research was carried out in a fragment of a Semideciduous Stational Forest with 435.73 ha, at the Paulo de Faria Ecological Station. The sampling consisted of 100 plots of 10 x 10 m (1 ha), allotted in an area of 4 ha. Lianas with a diameter ³ 1 cm and trees ³ 3 cm rooted in the plots were measured in DBH (diameter at breast height ¿1.30m) e identified. In the study area, 1427 individuals were sampled from 45 species of lianas, belonging to 14 families, the richest ones being Bignoniaceae (14 species), Sapindaceae (nine) e Malpighiaceae (six), and the more abundant Bignoniaceae, Sapindaceae e Apocynaceae, adding up to 80% of the sampled individuals. The liana richness was approximately equal to half (ratio 0.51) the tree richness (87 species). Average density of lianas and trees was similar, around 1400 individuals/ha. Melloa quadrivalvis (Bignoniaceae) was the most common species in the study area. From the total number of the sampled liana individuals, 57.6% presented diameters between 1- 2.5 cm, corresponding to 95% of the total sampled richness. Only 26 individuals presented diameter higher than 10 cm. From the 1419 trees with diameter ³ 3 cm, 53% carried at least one liana, with the higher rate of infestation (79%) occurred in the individuals with diameters > 10 cm. Species less infested than the expectation were Inga marginata, Piper amalago, Trichia catigua e T. claussenii. One species, Machaerium paraguariense, was more infested than the expectation. In general, results did not support the hypothesis of species-specificity between lianas and trees, since the richness and diversity of liana species increased with the infestation rate. Climbing mechanism did not influence the number of trees climbed by each liana, although we have found positive association between wrinkled bark and tendrils. Considering the individual characteristics of the host, trees with larger diameters showed higher density of lianas. In relation to the vicinity characteristics, the plots with higher rate of big trees (DBH > 30 cm) showed significant negative relation with the density of lianas. The relation was positive in plots with higher rate of trees with small crown (£ 3 m). Thus, our study showed the association between tree and vicinity characteristics with infestation and density of lianas / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal

TITLE: Climbing walls on Basic and Secondary school in South Bohemia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this thesis was to determine the number of elementary and secondary schools in South Bohemia, they're using wall climbing in physical education lesson. How many schools owns a climbing wall and what's they're material equipment. METHODS: This thesis is made up as a research with survey and questionnaire methods. First of all it was made the survey to determine, which schools are using wall climbing in physical education lesson. Then to this schools was sent the questionnaire with fourteen questions about the wall, lessons and material equipment. The data were processed in statistical program Excel and presented with the help of created graphs. RESULTS: This work shows actual state of using wall climbing in elementary and secondary schools. In South Bohemia makes this 16 schools of the total number of 378, witch represents a little bit more than 4%. Further it was investigated the method of inlusion this activity straight in to the physical education lessons and material equipment that each of this school owns. KEYWORDS: mountaineering, physical education, experience, children climbing, safety

This Diploma Thesis describes strategic marketing of climbing centre BigWall Vysočany and is focused on the analysis of customer's satisfaction and comparism customer's and shopkeeper's opinions. The goal of this Diploma Thesis is to analyse customer's satisfaction and perception of strategy of this climbing centre. This paper is divided into six parts: an introduction, a theoretical part, a methodological part, a part targetted on an introduction of climbing centre BigWall, a research and a conclusion. The theoretical part is focused on services marketing, strategic marketing and marketing plan. The methodological part describes the method of analysis and methodology for evaluating the research. Next section consists of the marketing mix of BigWall and the specifics of the climbing sector. Next section is focused on the research of satisfaction among customers of this climbing centre. The conclusion contains a summary of the analysis as well as suggested recommendations to improve the strategy of the climbing centre BigWall.

This thesis examines the multiple meanings attached to risk by a small group of climbers based in the North of England. The study is anchored, empirically in sustained observational fieldwork, and in-depth interviews with adult subjects (9 females aged 22-77, 14 males aged 20-70). In completing this thesis, I believe I have made an original contribution to knowledge in three areas. In re-imagining risk in climbing, I argue that climbers do not participate in climbing because of a desire to take risks, rather, they make every effort to assess, manage and control risks when climbing. In reconceptualising risk in climbing, I present a conceptual model derived from the interviewees’ accounts of risk. This model situates risk in climbing with risk in everyday life. The basis of my third original contribution to knowledge lies in the relationship between risk and identity. The interviewees differentiated between safe and unsafe climbers through reference to embodied climbing practices. The way a climber in this study assessed and managed risk marked them as a safe climber or conversely an unsafe climber. Furthermore, the data revealed both a gendered and an age-related dimension to the relationship between risk and identity. The desire to retain the identity of a climber over time was so strong that older climbers reported modifying their practices to sustain their status as a member of the insider group. In addition, the female interviewees described how perceived family responsibilities mediated membership of the insider group, and their identity as a safe and qualified climber. The female climbers in this study described how such responsibilities led them, like older climbers, to draw back from the edge. These findings have implications beyond the sport of rock climbing and its participants. This research has the potential to inform and enhance our appreciation of risk in other lifestyle sports and moreover, whilst there is a tendency to distinguish between lifestyle and traditional sports, there may be some application of the account of risk presented here to an exploration of risk in traditional sports. The arguments presented in this study also contribute to an understanding or risk more generally. A key conclusion from this study is that risk is best understood where the meanings attached to it are derived from individuals’ everyday lived experience and relatedly where risk is situated within the broadest context of their lives. Finally, the data reported here suggests that risk activities and risk-taking should be explored in relation to an individual’s perceived identity and crucially, the significance of risk for the construction of that identity.

This diploma thesis focuses on the conservation and possible uses of rock areas in the Czech Republic in tourism, specifically for climbing. The thesis delimits climbing as a type of tourism, which is researched from the various points of view, and the behaviour of its participants is characterised. The potential of the Czech Republic as a destination suitable for climbing tourism is described, as well as the impact of climbing to the animate nature, terrain and microrelief. The thesis also deals with the conservation of rock areas - informs about legislative requirements and other regulations of climbing, especially in protected areas. One chapter is also dedicated to the current trends in climbing, which limit the uses of climbing areas in a sustainable way. A survey carried out for the purpose of this thesis tries to reveal the relation of climbers to the protection of climbing areas. Finally, the thesis presents suggestions, how to use rock areas in compliance with a sustainable development of tourism.

This study investigates the effectiveness of response preclusion on stereotypic behavior (climbing and licking) and on play for a child with autism. Data were collected on stereotypic responses, play behavior, and the types of play materials the participant contacted. Implementation of response preclusion was followed by both a decrease in stereotypic behavior as well as an increase in play behavior. Play behavior did not return to baseline levels of responding during reversals to baseline, and stereotypic behavior decreased across reversals. These results suggest the current antecedent manipulation not only reduces stereotypic behavior, but also can establish an environment that is more conducive to learning new, desired behavior.

Background. Climbing is growing as a recreational sport worldwide. Climbing is a physically demanding sport requiring well developed strength and endurance. Plenty of studies have been made in the area of climbing in order to understand how the body adapts, which muscles are being used and how to prevent injury. A lot of these studies uses electromyography (EMG), a tool that measures electrical currents in muscles to detect muscle activity, as measurement method in order to do findings within the area. Aim. The aim was to study differences in muscle activation in arm and leg muscles in climbers before and after 40 repeated attempts over two weeks on a boulder problem. Furthermore, correlation between climbing level and change in total measured muscle activation after repeated attempts was assessed. Methods. 15 participants (five women and ten men) participated in this study. Standardized electrode placements and maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) were made for muscles; Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR), Bicep Brachii (BB), Rectus Femoris (RF) and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) before each measurement in order to maintain good reliability. Participants repeated a specific climbing route, adapted to the participants climbing ability, 40 times, divided into four sessions over two weeks. Before the first measured attempt the participant got to practice the route twice to get familiar with the moves. Average muscle activation was calculated by dividing the total muscle activation from each muscle with the time it took to complete the climbing route. Peak muscle values were calculated by dividing the highest muscle activation value with the MVIC values to get a %MVIC value. Results. A decrease in average muscle activation for FCR and BB were found (p=0.038, 0.023) whereas an increase in average activation for GL was found (p=0.027). Peak muscle activation showed significant decreases regarding upper extremities FCR and BB (p=0.008, p=0.011) but no significant changes to lower extremities RF and GL. Total average muscular activation regarding all muscles combined showed a general decreased activation (p=0.001). Moderate correlation was found between red-point level and decrease in total average muscle activation (r=0.53). Conclusion. When repeating a climbing route, the climbers muscle activation differs in upper and lower extremities, with a decrease in upper extremities peak and average muscle values, and an increase in GL average muscle values. Repetitions improves technique and muscle memory which could be the reason for the overall decrease in total muscle activation. Hopefully, this study could enrich the climbing world with further knowledge in how to train for climbing.