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Syftet: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att baserat på publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar undersöka prognosen över den artificiella intelligensens implementering inom den kliniska verksamheten och dess påverkan på det framtida tandläkaryrket.  Material och metod: En litteraturstudie utfördes med hjälp av PEO-systemet, fastslagning av inklusions- samt exklusionskriterier och sökning i databaserna PubMed, Scopus och Web of Science. Avsmalningen skedde i två steg: titel- samt abstractnivå och därefter på fulltextnivå. Resultat: Sex vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades. Fyra stycken från Pubmed, två stycken från Scopus och inga från Web of Science på grund av att de inte uppfyllde urvalskriterierna. Artikel 1 handlade om diagnostik av oral cancer med hjälp av AI. Artikel 2, 3D-planering av tandimplantat med hjälp av AI och AR  (augmented reality). Artikel 3 och 6, vikten av implementeringen av AI inom tandläkarutbildningen, både på praktisk och teoretisk nivå. Artikel 4, detektering av karies hos barn med hjälp av appen AICaries. Artikel 5, diagnostik av TMD-artros med hjälp av AI. Slutsats: Det kan ännu inte fullständigt bekräftas eller påstås om AI kan ersätta tandläkaryrket inom den kliniska verksamheten eller inte. AI kan dock vara ett hjälpmedel som ser ut att främja och underlätta bland annat diagnostiken av ett fåtal olika orala sjukdomar och tidseffektivitet vid behandling. AI har potential att automatisera vissa arbetsuppgifter och stödja enstaka komplexa beslutsfattande processer inom yrket. Vidare bör kunskap om AI i tandläkarutbildningen inkluderas på både praktisk och teoretisk nivå för att öka acceptansen och implementeringen av AI. / Aim: The aim of the present study was, based on published scientific articles, to investigate the prognosis of the implementation of artificial intelligence within dental clinical practice and its impact on the future dental profession.   Material and method: The literature study was carried out using the PEO system, inclusion and exclusion criteria and the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The selection of the articles took place in two steps: title and abstract level and then on full text level. Result: Six articles were included. Four from PubMed, two from Scopus and none from Web of Science. Article 1 was about diagnostics of oral cancer using AI. Article 2, 3D-planning of dental implants using AI and AR (augmented reality). Article 3 and 6, implementation of AI in dental education, both on a practical and theoretical level. Article 4, detection of dental caries on children using the AICaries app. Article 5, diagnosis of TMJ using AI. Conclusion: It cannot yet be fully confirmed or claimed whether AI can replace the dental profession in clinical dental practice or not. However, AI appears to promote and facilitate, for example, the diagnosis of a few oral diseases and time efficiency of the treatment. AI has the potential to automate certain tasks and support occasional complex decision-making processes. Furthermore, knowledge of AI should be included in dental education, both on a practical and theoretical level to increase the acceptance and implementation of AI.

The objective of this project is to challenge the traditional interior design of gynaecologist clinics and develop a fresh and innovative concept that enhances the overall experience for patients. By utilising colour, material, and form, this interior concept aims to transform the perception of healthcare facilities, ultimately improving the well-being and comfort of patients during gynaecological visits. To exemplify a different, more welcoming and safe environment, my experiments have involved using colour, material and form, as well as purpose designed chairs for the waiting room as well as the examination rooms, respectively. Besides this I have explored distractive elements during the patients’ examination. The design process for this project involved conducting qualitative research and studying existing gynaecologist clinic designs, patient experiences, and current trends in healthcare environments. Valuable insights has been gathered through interviews with healthcare professionals and patients, which helped identify areas for potential improvement. Additionally, the project explored the use of innovative design techniques, materials, and spatial configurations that foster a sense of privacy, and well- being. The design process also involves the development of design sketches and digital visualisations to aid in the visualisation and refinement of the interior concept. By utilising all design elements, the concept aims to create a health-promoting experience that ensures a safe, pleasant, and welcoming environment for both patients and staff.

This project aims to develop a portable product using Arduino technology to approximate hearing clinic tests, programmed with IAR Embedded Workbench. Designed for workplace use, the device allows individuals to evaluate their hearing in a quiet room, raising awareness and promoting regular hearing checks. The device should be placed in an environment free from other electronic devices to minimize interference. Users can conduct hearing tests independently, encouraging early detection of potential hearing issues and enabling timely intervention.The results are evaluated through direct comparisons between the product and clinic results, as well as smaller studies comparing the product’s average results in different age groups with existing data on average hearing ability in those groups. Key findings include a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 3.85 dB to 9.0 dB and a Mean Percentage Error (MPE) of 31.78% to 224.32% across age groups and frequencies. Clinical test comparisons show an MAE of 5.71 dB to 6.78 dB and an MPE of 20.10% to 119.04%. Significant discrepancies are noted at lower frequencies (125 Hz and 250 Hz) with higher error margins. Wide confidence intervals were observed, indicating substantial variability and suggesting that the device is less reliable at lower frequency levels. Further testing with a larger sample size is needed to enhance precision and reliability, as it would help narrow the confidence intervals and provide more robust and dependable results.

The Enriching Dermatology and Aesthetics Clinic (EDAC), offering both general dermatology outpatient service in participation with National Health Insurance (NHI) and self-paid medical cosmetology service in Shulin District，New Taipei City is about to celebrate its 2-year-old birthday. The NHI business is getting on the track with stable outpatient visits; however the revenues of the cosmetology do not live up to the expectations. The business plan tries to review the company records, strategies, the competitors and market trends to propose practicable action plans to boost the revenues of the cosmetic service, while maintaining the quality and growth of NHI business.

AIM: This study aimed to explore the influences of monitoring and evaluation on the performance of managers in a primary health care setting in Qumbu sub district health department of Oliver Tambo district municipality. METHODS: A Phenomenological approach was adopted in this study. Specifically, an Interpretative phenomenological analysis design was used to explore the influences of monitoring and evaluation on the performance of managers in a primary health care setting in Qumbu sub district health department of Oliver Tambo district municipality. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview format on 8 conveniently selected clinic managers. Data were analysed using Smith’s (2005) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis framework. RESULTS: Three thematic categories emerged from data analysis: performance of clinic managers, support for clinic managers, and monitoring and evaluation system. The findings of this study have implications for practice, training and research. CONCLUSION: Clinic managers experienced various obstacles, which affect the influence of monitoring and evaluation on their performance. These obstacles have implications in the context of the quality of service provision. / Health Studies / M.P.H.

A case study design was used to evaluate the National Adolescent-Friendly Clinic Initiative (NAFCI) programme in Greater Tzaneen Sub-District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. An interview guide was used to collect data from adolescents who visited the health centre at Nkowankowa in Limpopo Province and from professional nurses who provided the services at the health centre. Records were also reviewed to check clinic attendance of adolescents for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), teenage pregnancy and contraceptive services. According to the study, even though most adolescents made use of the NAFCI services especially those providing for contraception, pregnancy and STIs, the numbers of adolescents falling pregnant and contracting STIs did not decrease. Findings also indicated that VCT services were still not adequately used as indicated by the numbers in the registers. It is recommended that VCT, STI and pregnancy services be monitored and evaluated on a quarterly basis. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)