Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 217-242.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Biology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-62). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11827

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Title on signature page has the Greek symbol for tau. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 167-196). Also available on the Internet.

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Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a species of exotic flavor that has awaked the interest of the fruit market in the whole tropical world. Its vegetative propagation has been studied for some time, but so far, no one came across with a satisfactory technique for mass cloning elite trees. Stem cuttings is considered a quick and simple method of vegetative propagation for several wood plants and once established can be executed by anyone. This study aimed to set the main parameters for rooting cuttings of soursop and so establish a protocol for the commercial production of high quality clonal seedlings. Therefore, experiments of rooting cuttings were carried out in a green house of the CECA/UFAL in Rio Largo, Alagoas (S09° 27 ' 57 ", W34 ° 50 ' 1", 127m altitude). The cuttings used in this work were obtained from vigorous branches of soursop cv. Giant of Alagoas with 8-years-old trees. In a first experiment, it was studied the position of the cuttings in the branches and concentrations of AIB. Then, a second experiment was set to establish the best size and leaf area of the cuttings. Finally, a third experiment tested the best position to spraying auxins on the cuttings. The results obtained in the whole study showed that IBA 2000 and 4000 mg. kg-1) sprayed on leaves or stem base of the cuttings with 6 or 12 cm with a pair of halved leaves is appropriated to massive clonal propagation of soursop elite trees. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) é uma espécie de fruta tropical de sabor exótico tem despertado interesse em vários mercados do mundo. Sua propagação vegetativa vem sendo estudada a algum tempo, mas até o presente nenhum método foi apresentado como satisfatório para a clonagem massal de plantas de elite. A estaquia é considerada como um método simples e rápido de propagação vegetativa e que uma vez estabelecido torna-se de fácil execução por qualquer pessoa. Este trabalho objetivou estabelecer os principais parâmetros para o enraizamento de estacas de gravioleira para a produção comercial de mudas clonais de alta qualidade. Pata tanto, experimentos foram conduzidos em uma estufa de nebulização do CECA/UFAL em Rio largo-AL (S 09º 27‟ 57 , W 34º 50‟ 1 W e 127 m de altitude). As estacas utilizadas nesse trabalho foram obtidas de ramos jovens e vigorosos de gravioleiras da cv. Gigante das Alagoas com oito anos de idade. No primeiro experimento, estudou-se a posição da estaca no ramo e várias concentrações de AIB; Em seguida, e o segundo experimento foi realizado para estabelecer o melhor comprimento e a área foliar de cada estaca. Finalmente, no terceiro experimento testou a melhor posição para se pulverizar a auxina na estaca. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho mostraram que o AIB na concentração de 2000 a 4000 mg. kg-1 aplicados na base das estacas; a pulverização nas folhas ou na base das estacas na concentração de 2000 mg. L-1 e comprimento de 6 ou 12 cm contendo um par de folhas cortadas ao meio é apropriado para propagar massivamente gravioleiras Gigante das Alagoas por estaquia.

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The no-cloning theorem is one of the fundamental concepts of quantum information theory. It tells us that no general quantum state can be perfectly replicated. In this thesis we introduce the notion of imperfect cloning, and define the properties of the universal cloning machine. Furthermore, we construct an ansatz of how our universal cloning machine should perform as to produce two imperfect clones from one input qubit. We find an optimal fidelity of 5/6 for our universal cloning machine. We then reevaluate our ansatz and construct a class of unitary transformations such that an optimal fidelity is always achieved. Lastly, we present an overview of some applications of imperfect quantum cloning in the field of quantum information.