Customers play an active role throughout the marketing process. This dissertation concerns itself with customer's co-creation of value for self (co-production) and for other customers (co-consumption) during service production and delivery. With the servuction system as its overarching framework, this study explains how changes in the customer's perceived co-production and co-consumption, caused by a service innovation, influence her perceptions of service innovation characteristics and modify her adoption behavior. It draws on a multidisciplinary body of knowledge and develops a conceptual framework and a set of substantive propositions. The empirical research was contextualized in three services: self check-out at grocery stores, Build-A-Bear stores, and meal assembly centers. It focused on members of Generations X and Y who were familiar with these services. The qualitative investigations and pilot study helped adapt the extant scales and construct new scales. In line with prior works, the focal service encounters were simulated through a series of consumption scenarios. The exploratory factor analysis in the pilot study and the confirmatory factor analysis in the main study indicated that the instruments were culturally informed, internally reliable, and construct-wise valid. The results indicate that co-production and co-consumption play important roles in explaining innovation characteristics and adoption decisions. More specifically, the focal customer's co-production of the service for self (CPS), other customers' co-production of the service for the focal customer (OCP), the number and the nature of other customers (crowding and homophily) can help to explain the focal customer's evaluation of service innovation characteristics as well as her adoption decision. The focal customer's disposition to participate (DTP) and its interaction with CPS are also useful explanatory constructs. Focal customer's co-production of the service for other customers (CPO) and its interaction with DTP emerged as non-significant. In comparing the high- and low-DTP groups, it was found that the former was more convenience-prone in two service contexts, and the latter in the third context.

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as diferentes possibilidades de envolvimento da comunidade escolar, aqui entendida como o grupo composto por professores, funcionários, estudantes, familiares e diretores, no gerenciamento da escola, sob a perspectiva da coprodução e da gestão democrática. Há diferentes modos como um estudante ou parente pode impactar a escola, entretanto a escolha foi por explorar a possibilidade de coprodução nas escolas públicas estaduais de São Paulo, analisando a dinâmica de relacionamento entre funcionários públicos, pais e estudantes dentro das categorias da coprodução, dentre elas pessoas como recursos, solidariedade, e participação. É ainda analisada a ideia de gestão democrática nas escolas públicas, seu conceito e componentes e sua relação com o conceito de coprodução, especialmente considerando a importância da primeira na organização formal da estrutura de participação nas escolas públicas. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso, por meio de entrevistas, pesquisa bibliográfica, e análise da pesquisa recentemente publica pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação de São Paulo sobre gestão democrática. Considerando os dados acumulados, pode-se concluir que existem iniciativas classificadas dentro dos níveis mais básicos de coprodução. A estrutura formal da gestão democrática dentro das escolas públicas contribui para o estabelecimento de novas dinâmicas que propiciam um sistema mais favorável à coprodução, porém esta pode ser encontrada dentro e fora dessas instâncias de participação formal. Recentemente, propostas de mudança do sistema educacional estimularam o envolvimento de estudantes nas escolas, porém é preciso aumentar fatores como identidade e solidariedade de grupo para estimular a coprodução, sendo ainda necessário promover mudanças no modo como funcionários públicos e comunidade escolar como um todo percebem seus respectivos papeis na gestão pública / The research had as objective to explore the different possibilities of involvement of school community, hereby understood as the group composed by teachers, staff, students, familiars and headmaster, in the school management. There are different ways in which a student or parent can have an impact in the school however the decision was to explore the possibility of co-production in the public schools in the state of Sao Paulo, analyzing the relationship dynamics between civil servants, parents and students against categories of co-production, such as people as resources, solidarity, participation, among others. It also analyzed the idea of democratic management in the schools, its framework and components in their relation to the concept of co-production, especially considering the importance of the latter in the formal organization of the participation structure in the public schools. The methodology utilized was the case study, with interviews, bibliographical research, and analysis of the recent research published by the Education Secretary of the State of Sao Paulo about democratic management. Given the data accumulated, the result is that there are initiatives that can be considered in the lower levels of co-production. The legal framework that stimulates citizen involvement in the schools contribute to the creation of new dynamics that stimulate a system more favorable to co-production, however it can happen inside and outside these formal instances of participation. Recent proposed changes to the education system increased the involvement of students in the schools, however there is a need to increase identity and group solidarity to stimulate co-production, and it is also necessary to promote changes to how civil servants and school community as a whole perceive their respective roles in the public management

La prolifération des versions multiples dans le cinéma en Espagne de 1955 à 1967 résulted’une situation complexe, qui trouve son origine dans les conditions de production et dedistribution, dans une législation qui ne cesse d’évoluer pour mieux contrôler le domaine, et aussidans l’émergence de voix discordantes au sein de la création.Le premier facteur déterminant est la mise en place de structures administratives decontrôle, dont la censure se révèle l’instrument le plus direct, mais qui ne doit pas faire oublier laportée des autres mécanismes d’autorisation et de protection économique : il s’agit d’imposer aucinéma les cadres de l’idéologie du régime franquiste et de l’Église. Il ne faut cependant pas sousestimerl’importance de l’industrie dans cette pratique systématique : les formes de production,de distribution, de diffusion, l’émergence de nouveaux courants et les difficultés techniques jouentelles aussi un rôle essentiel.Après une analyse générale de ces facteurs étroitement liés entre eux, un éventail de neufétudes de cas dresse un portrait de la pluralité filmique dans une Espagne qui traverse unepériode d’espoir et de velléités d’ouverture. À travers l’approfondissement de la genèsecompliquée de films représentatifs des principaux genres et courants ainsi que des différentesétapes qui jalonnent l’histoire du cinéma espagnol de 1955 à 1967, il apparaît quel’interdépendance de l’État et de l’industrie constitue le terrain propice à l’existence systématiquede variantes voulues ou imposées. / The proliferation of multiple versions in cinema in Spain from 1955 to 1967 is due to a complexsituation originating from the conditions of production and distribution, a legislation that constantlyevolved in order to control the sector more efficiently and the emergence of dissenting voices amongcreators themselves.The first decisive factor is the setting up of administrative organs of control, among whichcensorship proves to be the most straightforward instrument, although other significant mechanismssuch as licensing or protectionism are equally important: their aim is to impose upon cinema theideology of the Franco regime and Catholic Church. However, the role of the industry in this systematicpractice should not be underestimated: a significant part is played by the forms of production,distribution and diffusion, the emergence of new trends and also technical difficulties.After a general analysis of these closely interconnected factors, a sample of nine case studiesprovides a portrait of film plurality in Spain as it is undergoing a period of hope and timid opening.Through an in‐depth study of the complicated creation of films representative of the main genres andcurrents as well as the different stages in the history of Spanish cinema from 1955 to 1967, it appearsthat the interdependency of the State and the industry is the breeding ground for a systematic use ofmultiple versions, whether deliberate or imposed.

This study assesses the extent to which employees and users of public services can develop collaborative partnerships that promote person-centred services within institutions. Both citizen and worker participation are currently advocated as a means to develop public services, yet academically they have been studied within distinctive disciplines. Drawing together different theories of participation alongside the analysis of the concepts and practices of co-production, co-design and co-creation, this thesis establishes an analytic framework, termed co-participation to explore processes of collaboration between public service staff and users. This framework then informs the analysis of two case studies in local government and the health service where both staff and service users are involved together in developing person-centred services. This empirical work is supplemented by expert interviews with people who have worked in a number of different collaborative projects, alongside a realist synthesis of other similar cases. Using a critical realist approach and retroductive analysis this study explores how agents act within their institutional and policy contexts, assessing the extent to which their actions can instigate changes through institutionally designed participatory projects. It is found that the projects facilitated processes of reflexivity and intersubjectivity which promoted a sense of embedded collectivism within institutional contexts. The projects enabled agents to make many localised changes which positively impacted people’s lived experiences. Collectivities and networks were developed, yet these operated within dominant hierarchies and could be limited by their structural and cultural environments. Wider social inequalities and power relations had an impact upon these participatory processes, although participatory processes could also be adapted to enable greater access and more equal voice. These projects and practices are analysed within the wider context of the continuing neo-liberal reform of public services, exploring how the state shapes the structural and policy context which sets situational logics and conditions of possibility for these practices.

This thesis presents a body of work for the award of the Professional Doctorate in Social Work. Presented as three discrete but connecting projects, it is united by a broad interest in criminal justice sanctions and services and by a particular interest in the progression of participatory, person-centred and progressive approaches within that space. Project one consists of a recognised prior learning claim for 50% of the award and draws on four peer-refereed published papers. The first three papers contribute to developing criminological and professional debate on ‘what works?’ in supporting desistance from crime. The final paper locates recent justice ‘developments’ within Bauman’s analysis of consumerism and related debates about the commodification of public services. Project two reports on a funded study that set out to evaluate the impact of a staff training programme on the practice of community service supervision within a Scottish local authority. The commission and focus of this project reflects sustained attention to questions of what works in reducing re-offending and supporting desistance within community sanctions, and the reconsideration of these questions in spaces traditionally constructed in punitive rather than rehabilitative terms. The findings suggest that community service can provide people who offend with important opportunities for progression, desistance and change and that staff training has an important contribution to make to the progression of these outcomes. However, the findings also indicate that staff training is one of many important variables in this complex and multi-dimensional endeavour. Connecting with the above themes, the final and most substantial project presented explores the place and potential of those sentenced within criminal justice sanctions and services. Specifically, it explores the potential of co-production within this complex, contested and constrained space. As will be demonstrated, this is an important and topical area of inquiry, as are the methods used to progress it. The conclusion of this project is that co-production matters in justice. The detail and implications of this conclusion for justice policy, practice and research are discussed and explored.

There have been various approaches to studying the effectiveness of government performance in public administration. While some have focused on broad organizational factors, others have taken an individual level approach by applying concepts and methods from psychology and behavioral economics. This three-essay dissertation continues this latter approach by examining the role of cognitive mechanisms in explaining citizen attitudes toward government performance as well as collaborative behaviors in the public sector. The first essay explored the role of detailed versus abstract mental construals in understanding the relationship between expectations of public service performance and attitudes toward a government. Type of thinking, when it fit well with the information about either how or why public services were provided, was predicted to produce more positive attitudes toward government than in the absence of fit. However, these predictions were not confirmed. The second essay induced either an abstract or a detailed mode thinking in participants. Because abstract thinkers are more likely to focus on the desirability of outcomes, and detailed thinkers are more likely to focus on the feasibility of outcomes, it was predicted that abstract thinking, compared to detailed thinking, would create higher expectations of public services and lower perceived government performance. The findings were inconclusive. The final essay, combining prospect theory and expectancy-disconfirmation concepts, proposed a new model testing the relationship between citizen attitudes and collaborative behavior. Using a cross-sectional data set of US citizens, the results revealed a predicted non-linear relationship between citizen satisfaction with government performance and co-production.

<p>Diverse ways of knowing have been recognized by scholars in many disciplines to contribute creative perspectives and novel problem-solving approaches. In the environmental sciences, those dependent on natural resources and working daily with those resources are in one of the best positions to observe and learn from subtle changes in the environment. In the coastal marine and estuarine environment, these experiential knowledge holders are the fishers and their families. In North Carolina, these fishers live in historic villages and, with scientists and policymakers, serve as the downstream stakeholders in watershed management. These three stakeholder groups all have perspectives to contribute to research and management of water quality in the watershed. This dissertation starts by documenting definitions and perspectives of water quality from these three stakeholder groups, establishing the base of information from which future research and management takes place. It then specifically addresses the details of negotiating co-production of knowledge through an ethnographic account of a collaborative research project investigating water pollution. The process of information sharing was highlighted during this process by a facilitated workshop asking participants to reflect upon their collective understanding of water quality more broadly and to plan a research project resulting from a new shared, understanding. The third component of my investigation of different ways of knowing uses North Carolina's Fishery Resource Grant program, which funds collaborative research between fishers and scientists, as a case study of an institution supporting co-produced knowledge about water quality and how the structure of collaboration in funded projects affects the success of the program both scientifically and socially. Together, the three chapters tell a story about the diverse forms of knowledge regarding water quality and how they might work together to better understand the causes and effects of water quality as well as tailor solutions to fit this better understanding. Though the story is of one case, specific to water quality and the coastal communities that depend on it, the story is also one of few optimistic cases in environmental science.</p> / Dissertation

As Aboriginal peoples relocated to urban areas in the 1950s and 1960s they often found that the services they were offered did not suit their needs, to address this issue Aboriginal peoples began advocating for organizations of their own. Two such organizations include the Saskatoon Indian and Métis Friendship Centre and the Community Liaison Committee. This thesis will explore how Aboriginal peoples worked to create organizations that served their needs, rather than assimilating as was expected; how the status blind approach within organizations was resisted; and how these organizations had a strong desire and vision to become self-governing, often demonstrated by engaging in coproduction, even in the very early stages of organizational development. The data collected included archival documents and informant interviews and was analyzed using an adapted form of grounded theory. The research and analysis revealed waves of engagement in coproduction as a way to defy expectations that Aboriginal peoples would assimilate once moving to the city, and rather embrace Aboriginal cultures and practices in the city.

As Aboriginal peoples relocated to urban areas in the 1950s and 1960s they often found that the services they were offered did not suit their needs, to address this issue Aboriginal peoples began advocating for organizations of their own. Two such organizations include the Saskatoon Indian and Métis Friendship Centre and the Community Liaison Committee. This thesis will explore how Aboriginal peoples worked to create organizations that served their needs, rather than assimilating as was expected; how the status blind approach within organizations was resisted; and how these organizations had a strong desire and vision to become self-governing, often demonstrated by engaging in coproduction, even in the very early stages of organizational development. The data collected included archival documents and informant interviews and was analyzed using an adapted form of grounded theory. The research and analysis revealed waves of engagement in coproduction as a way to defy expectations that Aboriginal peoples would assimilate once moving to the city, and rather embrace Aboriginal cultures and practices in the city.

This study uses the case study method to investigate how IT facilitates business model innovation. The Gloria Material Technology Corporation (GMTC) is chosen for this study. We consider the business model and information technology (IT) factors and analyze how GMTC use IT to facilitate business model innovation. Regarding the business model factor, we describe the GMTC¡¦s value propositions, value network, and key resources for co-production; further we identify the needed abilities for each stakeholder among the value network to make the co-production business model possible. For the IT factor, we present what ITs are developed and deployed among the value network in order to make the business model work. Finally, we report GMTC¡¦s performance after its innovation.