Extraversion och skam är psykologiska företeelser relaterade till social interaktion.  En individ som besitter en hög nivå av extraversion tros ha egenskaper som att vara pratsam, social, optimistisk och person-orienterad. Skam är en känsla som uppstår när en individ observeras kränka vad samhället skulle uppfatta som en moralisk eller social förväntan. Extraversion och skam kan anses vara sociala eftersom extraversion är hur du agerar och beter dig i en social miljö och skam är hur du skulle känna och reagera när skamliga känslor introduceras i dessa situationer. Utifrån detta undersöks i denna studie vilken typ av relation dessa två variabler har med varandra. Denna studie syftar till att utforska sambandet mellan extraversion och delskalorna i Compass of Shame-skalan. 52 deltagare i åldrarna 18-64 där 79% var kvinnor och 19% män besvarade ett frågeformulär bestående av 8 items från Big Five Inventory (BIF) som utgör delskalan om extraversion och 48 items från Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS). En korrelationsanalys och regressionsanalys utfördes med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultaten indikerade ett måttligt samband och en negativ korrelation mellan extraversion och skam. Delskalorna skiljde sig inte nämnvärt i sin relation till extraversion och delskalorna hade även en mycket stark korrelation till varandra, vilket indikerar att de mäter samma sak även om CoSS påstår sig mäta olika dimensioner av skam. / Extraversion and shame are psychological phenomena related to social interaction. An individual who possesses a high level of extraversion is believed to have certain characteristics such as being talkative, social, optimistic and people-oriented. Shame is an emotion that arises when an individual is observed to be violating what society would perceive as a moral or social expectation. Extraversion and shame are considered to be social because extraversion is how you act and behave in a social setting and shame is how you would feel and react when shameful emotions are introduced into these situations. Based on this, this study examines what kind of relationship these two variables have with each other. This study aims to explore the relationship between extraversion and the subscales of the Compass of Shame scale. 52 participants aged 18-64 with 79% being women and 19% being men answered a questionnaire consisting of 8 items from the Big Five Inventory (BIF) that make up the extraversion subscale and 48 items from the Compass of Shame Scale (CoSS). A correlation analysis and a regression analysis were performed using the statistical program SPSS. The results indicated a moderate relationship and a negative correlation between extraversion and shame. The subscales did not differ significantly in their relationship to extraversion and the subscales also had a very strong relationship to each other, which indicates that they measure the same thing even though CoSS claims to measure different dimensions of shame.

Safety culture has been demonstrated to be a key factor in high-reliability organizations (HROs), yet healthcare has not achieved a safety culture as seen in HROs despite decades of effort. Student nurses are enculturated into their profession during their pre-licensure education. This period offers an excellent opportunity to teach students the values, norms, and practices of safety culture. However, little is known about the state of safety culture in schools of nursing. The purpose of this study was to examine the state of patient safety culture as perceived by students in pre-licensure nursing programs in the US using a modified version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). The School of Nursing Culture of Safety Survey (SON-COSS), the modified instrument created for this study, was administered electronically to a sample of pre-licensure nursing students (N=539) drawn from membership in the National Student Nurses Association (NSNA). The SON-COSS was found to maintain its reliability and validity for use in pre-licensure nursing students. Perceptions of patient safety culture ranged from 81.6% to 23% positive for the 10 dimensions of patient safety culture measured by the SON-COSS. The highest percent positive dimensions for this study were Faculty Support for Patient Safety (81.6%), Teamwork Within Groups (78.3%), and Faculty Expectations and Actions Promoting Patient Safety (68.6%). The lowest percent positive dimensions for this study were Frequency of Events Reported (47.3%), Communication Openness (34%), and Nonpunitive Response to Error (23%). Participants in this study perceived patient safety culture significantly lower for eight of the 10 dimensions measured by the SON-COSS compared to aggregate national data from the HSOPSC (AHRQ, 2016). Only Faculty Support for Patient Safety (81.6%) was significantly higher than the corresponding dimension in the HSOPSC. The results of this survey indicate that students recognize the importance of safety to their faculty, but they do not perceive the presence of a just culture, an essential prerequisite for a culture of safety. This study provides a reliable and valid instrument to measure safety culture in schools of nursing and baseline data to understand the state of safety culture in this population.

With the rise of soft-switched converter topologies which enable high-frequency power conversion, there has been a premise that these converter topologies can help achieve loss-less switching in a power device. However, this theory is not completely true as there even with soft-switching there is some degree of loss associated in the form of output capacitance-related hysteresis loss, channel turn-off loss, and loss during the dead-time period in these converter topologies. The soft-switching converters utilize the existence of the device's output capacitance (COSS), which is charged and discharged consecutively at each switching cycle, and a hysteresis loss exists due to the difference in charging and discharging output capacitance. In order fully utilize the potential of these novel soft-switching topologies, we need to investigate further into the origins of these losses or loss mechanisms, methods to measure or compute these losses, and then devise ways to optimize the loss for a given application. This work focuses on exploring methods to quantify this loss for different operating conditions like device current, switching frequency, dV/dT, etc. In this aspect, some methods have been studied and used to quantify this hysteresis loss for a variety of power devices like SI and GaN. It is reported that only channel turn-off losses exist in devices with ZVS transition, however, we found that the charging and discharging of COSS is not loss-free and thus it is important that we account for this loss in the design process. Finally, the loss data obtained from these tests are compared with each other for five different power devices to validate their applicability, and later these test results are used to get an optimized device selection criterion for the best possible efficiency and minimal losses for a ZVS application. / Master of Science / To eliminate the switch-related losses, soft-switching or zero-voltage switching (ZVS) was introduced which provides a soft transition of voltage and current instead of a sharp transition like in hard-switched converters. Moreover, the output capacitance of the devices is charged/discharged to achieve soft switching, which also possesses a loss (hysteresis loss) due to repeated charging and discharging of output capacitance. Soft-switching converter topologies have gained quite a momentum for almost a decade, and it keeps on increasing in the distant future, to extract the maximum benefits from these topologies is to operate at high switching frequencies to minimize the size and volume of the converter. However, the hysteresis loss can severely impact the converter efficiency on even a few 100 kHz and MHz levels. This work focuses on exploring methods to measure hysteresis loss in output capacitance which has a major share in the overall switching loss. In this regard, some methods have been investigated that deal with the measurement of the output capacitance-related hysteresis loss and are implemented to get the hysteresis loss data for different power devices. Two test methods (calorimetric and non-linear resonance) are implemented on five different power devices (3 SI and 2 GaN) to get the energy loss in the output capacitance; these test results are used to explain the switching loss in an isolated boost resonance DC-DC converter, and a concept of ZVS figure of merit is used to obtain the optimized device. Moreover, a design example of a soft-switched converter is presented to highlight the impact of COSS hysteresis loss in the overall switching loss of primary side devices.

Foram medidas as seções de choque de eletrofissão para os elementos Ta, Au e 182W de 35 MeV a 250 MeV e, através do formalismo dos fótons virtuais, as correspondentes seções de choque de fotofissão foram obtidas por desconvolução. Um método original para extração da energia média de excitação do núcleo composto é apresentado utilizando-se, como dados de entrada, apenas a seção de choque experimental de fotofissão e a probabilidade de fissão calculada. Da energia de excitação foi possível obter-se informações sobre o caminho livre médio do píon, a seção de choque píon-núcleon e o termo complexo do potencial óptico do méson no Au, Ta e 182W. / The electrofission cross sections of Au, Ta and 182W were measured in the energy range 35 - 250 MeV, and the corresponding photofission cross sections were deconvoluted by means of the virtual photon formalism. An original data analysis method was developed which allowed obtaining the excitation energy, using the experimental photofission cross sections and the calculated fission probabilities as inputs. From the excitation energy, plus an approach for the pion-nucleon interaction, the photopion mean free path in Au, Ta and 182W was deduced, along with the main characteristics of the pion-nucleon optical potential.

Foram medidas as seções de choque de eletrofissão para os elementos Ta, Au e 182W de 35 MeV a 250 MeV e, através do formalismo dos fótons virtuais, as correspondentes seções de choque de fotofissão foram obtidas por desconvolução. Um método original para extração da energia média de excitação do núcleo composto é apresentado utilizando-se, como dados de entrada, apenas a seção de choque experimental de fotofissão e a probabilidade de fissão calculada. Da energia de excitação foi possível obter-se informações sobre o caminho livre médio do píon, a seção de choque píon-núcleon e o termo complexo do potencial óptico do méson no Au, Ta e 182W. / The electrofission cross sections of Au, Ta and 182W were measured in the energy range 35 - 250 MeV, and the corresponding photofission cross sections were deconvoluted by means of the virtual photon formalism. An original data analysis method was developed which allowed obtaining the excitation energy, using the experimental photofission cross sections and the calculated fission probabilities as inputs. From the excitation energy, plus an approach for the pion-nucleon interaction, the photopion mean free path in Au, Ta and 182W was deduced, along with the main characteristics of the pion-nucleon optical potential.