Master of Science

Conventional methods for health assessment of wild-caught and stranded seals were used to describe the disease status of harbor seals in California. Clinical chemistry, infectious disease prevalence, immune function, and contaminant data were collected to evaluate harbor seal health with data collected from three groups of seals. Wild-caught seals of all ages were sampled at two locations: San Francisco Bay (a heavily urbanized estuary) and Tomales Bay (a less developed control site). Stranded seals entered rehabilitation from a more extensive portion of the California coast which included the locations where seals were caught. Hematology reference intervals were generated to provide a baseline for health assessment among the seals. Individual variability in blood variables among seals was affected by age, sex, location, and girth. Disease surveillance focused on pathogens known to cause lesions in harbor seals, zoonoses, and those with terrestrial sources. Specific pathogens of interest were E coli, Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio spp, Campylobacter spp, Salmonella, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, avian influenza virus, Brucella, Leptospira spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and Neospora caninum, Leptospira spp, and phocine and canine distemper virus. There was evidence of exposure to all pathogens except for phocine distemper virus. Simple measures of immune response were used to evaluate the immune function of harbor seal pups in rehabilitation that had evidence of previous bacterial infection. The swelling response to a subcutaneous injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was positively associated with growth rate, possibly illustrating the energetic trade-offs between growth and immunity. Blubber contaminant concentrations (PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs, CHLDs, and HCHs) in harbor seal pups were grouped by extent of suckling and strand location. The ratio of PCB:DDT was increased in San Francisco Bay and decreased in Monterey Bay compared with other locations along the coast. Pups that weaned in the wild, lost weight and then stranded had the highest contaminant levels, equivalent to the concentrations detected in stranded adult harbor seals. Dispersal and survival were monitored by satellite telemetry in harbor seal pups released from rehabilitation and recently weaned wild-caught pups to assess the effect of condition, health, and contaminant levels on survival probability. Increased contaminant levels and decreased thyroxine (T4) were associated with decreased survival probability. Increased mass, particularly among the rehabilitated pups, was associated with increased survival probability. This study demonstrates that health and survival of harbor seals pups along the central California coast are impacted by human activities such as contaminant disposal, pathogen pollution and boat traffic, although the variability in individual health measures requires carefully designed studies to detect these effects.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-09T13:32:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LACINA MARIA FREITAS TEIXEIRA_.pdf: 1605999 bytes, checksum: 3291f09168d3ebd23eab03339dd4bd64 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-09T13:32:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LACINA MARIA FREITAS TEIXEIRA_.pdf: 1605999 bytes, checksum: 3291f09168d3ebd23eab03339dd4bd64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Nenhuma / O fitoplâncton é formado por organismos bastante diversos, de origem polifilética, composto principalmente por seres unicelulares autótrofos, que não são capazes de vencer as correntes (FALKOVISK; RAVEN, 1997). A dinâmica, distribuição e estrutura das comunidades fitoplanctônicas podem ser explicadas por uma variedade de fatores bióticos e abióticos relacionados à heterogeneidade ambiental. O presente estudo teve por principal objetivo avaliar a influência da heterogeneidade espacial e da escala temporal na estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade fitoplanctônica em um lago raso subtropical (Lagoa Mangueira, RS). O estudo ocorreu na Lagoa Mangueira, (sul do Brasil), que é um ecossistema aquático raso (Zmax = 7 m), extenso (90 km de extensão, 3 – 10 km de largura), polimíctico quente, considerado oligo-mestrófico, sob influência direta de um banhado adjacente ao norte e tem suas margens amplamente habitadas por macrófitas aquáticas, especialmente ao sul. Amostragens foram realizadas na subsuperfície da água, trimestralmente, por dois anos, em 19 pontos, compreendendo as zonas pelágica e litoral e as regiões sul, centro e norte da lagoa, para análises abióticas e biológicas. Foram ainda efetuadas amostragens em curtos intervalos de tempo durante 60 dias nas zonas pelágica e litoral na região sul. A estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica foi analisada a partir de medidas de clorofila a, biomassa, riqueza, diversidade de espécies, espécies descritoras e diversidade funcional. Cyanobacteria (ex. Chroococcus limneticus, Aphanocapsa conferta, Aphanothece smithii, Planktolyngbya contorta) foi o grupo mais representativo independente da região (sul, centro ou norte) ou zonas (litoral ou pelágica). Observou-se um claro padrão espacial em direção ao norte da lagoa, que apresentou maiores valores de biomassa total e clorofila. Contudo, a riqueza e as espécies descritoras não demonstraram padrão espacial nítido. A Análise de Redundância (RDA) evidenciou a forte organização temporal das espécies em função do cenário abiótico, indicando que o alto grau de variabilidade temporal devido à hidrodinâmica local foi o principal fator direcionador da estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica na Lagoa Mangueira no período de estudo. Os resultados da análise da diversidade funcional demonstraram que não houve organização espacial considerando-se as formas de vida e a estrutura de tamanho da comunidade fitoplanctônica no período estudado, embora os grupos funcionais fitoplanctônicos tenham respondido à variação nos recursos, especialmente aumentando sua variedade e contribuição nos meses de primavera e verão, segregando o norte da lagoa, independente das zonas estudadas (pelágica e litoral). Em curta escala de tempo a comunidade fitoplanctônica da região pelágica se mostrou mais equitativa do que a região litoral ao longo do tempo. A contribuição das espécies Chroococcus limneticus, Aphanocapsa conferta e Aphanothece smithii a partir do 9° dia na região pelágica e praticamente todo o período estudado na região litoral indicam que embora tenha se verificado a variação da precipitação e vento ao longo do tempo, estados de equilíbrio da comunidade fitoplanctônica em ambientes fortemente condicionados pela hidrodinâmica podem ocorrer. / The phytoplankton is formed by very different organisms of polyphyletic origin, composed mainly by autotrophic unicellular beings who are not able to overcome the current (FALKOVISK; RAVEN, 1997). The dynamics, distribution and structure of phytoplankton communities can be explained by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors related to environmental heterogeneity. The principal objective of the present study was evaluate the influence of spatial heterogeneity and the temporal, on the structure and dynamics of phytoplankton in a subtropical shallow lake (Mangueira Lagoon, RS). The study took place in the Mangueira Lagoon (southern Brazil), which is a shallow aquatic ecosystem (Zmax = 7 m) long (90 km long, 3-10 km wide), continuous hot polymictic, considered oligo-mesotrophic, under the direct influence of an adjacent wetland on the north and has its margins inhabited largely by aquatic macrophytes, especially in the south. Samples were taken in the subsurface of the water, quarterly, for two years, in 19 sites, including the pelagic and coastal zones and the southern, central and northern regions of the lagoon, for abiotic and biological analysis. Samples were also collected in short time intervals during 60 days in the pelagic and coastal zones in the south region. The structure of the phytoplankton community was analyzed by measures of chlorophyll a, biomass, richness, diversity of species, descriptors species and functional diversity. Cyanobacteria (e.g., Chroococcus limneticus, Aphanocapsa conferta, Aphanothece smithii, Planktolyngbya contorta) was the most representative group independently of region (southern, central or north) or zones (coastal or pelagic). It was observed a clear spatial pattern to the north of the lagoon, which showed higher values of total biomass and chlorophyll. However, richness and descriptors species showed no clear spatial pattern. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) showed strong temporal organization of the species as a function of the abiotic scenario, indicating that the high degree of temporal variability due to the local hydrodynamics was the main determining factor of the structure of phytoplankton community in the Mangueira Lagoon during the period of study. The results of the analysis of functional diversity showed that there was no spatial organization considering the forms of life and the size structure of the phytoplankton community during the period of study, although the phytoplankton functional groups had responded to changes in resources, especially increasing its variety and contribution in the months of spring and summer, segregating the north of the lagoon, independently of the studied zones (pelagic and coastal). In short timescale the phytoplankton community from the pelagic area was more equitable than that from the coastal region over time. The contribution of the species Chroococcus limneticus, Aphanocapsa conferta and Aphanothece smithii from the 9th day in the pelagic region and practically the entire period studied in the coastal region indicate that despite the variation in precipitation and wind observed over time, steady-state of the phytoplankton community in environments strongly conditioned by hydrodynamics may occur.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:51:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana_Eliane_Casagrande.pdf: 6841127 bytes, checksum: 30dd82d5da876d18630bf3d77ef0e0ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Fundação Araucária / The research "Population Mobility in the West Coast Region of Paraná: from the countryside to the city" has the objective of analyzing the population dynamics in the West Coast region of Paraná, with approach to rural-urban relationship. It is possible to emphasize the importance of Population Geography and the study of demographic censuses, because through them it became possible to evaluate the established population movements, as well as get an overview of the population, its potential and its demands on regional and local scale. For this, one performed a characterization of the region, its processes as the distribution of the population in the territory, its structure by sex and age groups, education levels, rural-urban migration etc., based on the analysis and comparison of socioeconomic indicators provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Paraná Institute of Economic and Social Development (Ipardes). It also seeks, through the Agricultural Censuses and field research, to understand the rural-urban relationship, as well as the influence that the countryside exerts on city and the city on the countryside, in the study area. It was noted, in conclusion, that city and country are inextricably linked in the West Coast region of Paraná, especially in the small municipalities analyzed / A pesquisa Mobilidade Populacional na Região Costa Oeste do Paraná: do campo para a cidade tem o objetivo de analisar a dinâmica populacional na região Costa Oeste do Paraná, tendo como enfoque a relação campo-cidade. Nela cabe destacar a importância da Geografia da População e do estudo dos censos demográficos, pois, por meio deles se tornou possível avaliar os movimentos populacionais estabelecidos, assim como obter um panorama geral da população, suas potencialidades e as suas demandas em escala regional e local. Para isso, realizou-se uma caracterização da região, seus processos como a distribuição da população no território, sua estrutura por sexo e por faixas etárias, níveis de instrução, migração campo-cidade etc., tomando como base a análise e a comparação de indicadores socioeconômicos disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e pelo Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Ipardes). Também se procura, por meio dos Censos Agropecuários e de pesquisas de campo, compreender a relação campo-cidade, assim como a influência que o campo exerce na cidade e a cidade no campo, na região em estudo. Constatou-se, em conclusão, que campo e cidade estão intrinsicamente ligados na região Costa Oeste do Paraná, principalmente nos pequenos municípios analisados

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Mara Bento Ribeiro.pdf: 1191558 bytes, checksum: c52ecf07dc9b9ac92c93d583d131d098 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study aims to analyze the west cost region of Paraná State from a touristy perspective, specially by the regional tourist planning, considering the programmes, plans and projects managed by federal, state, regional and county public policies. This area started with the Itaipu Binacional Hydroeletric Plant and its lake, constituting a new tourist landscape in that region. Inicially, there were eight counties, and nowadays fiftheen are settled in the region. All these counties, named "lindeiros" or (neighbours) to the Itaipu Lake, look for their development through integrated tourist actions. Starting from the regional and then to the local space, we also investigate Itaipulândia county that is a representative of this region because of the investment in tourist equipments, its history, and resources accrue from Itaipu. / O presente estudo propõe analisar a Região Costa Oeste do Paraná a partir da atividade turística, especialmente através do planejamento turístico regional, considerando os programas, planos e projetos gestados por políticas públicas nos níveis federal, estadual, regional e municipal. A produção deste espaço regional remonta à construção da Usina Hidrelétrica da Itaipu Binacional, que a partir da formação do lago, configurou uma nova paisagem, capitaneada pelo turismo. Inicialmente eram oito municípios paranaenses, que passaram à quinze, seja pela nova constituição física da região ou pelo desmembramento e emancipação de distritos. Todos esses municípios, denominados de lindeiros ao Lago de Itaipu, buscam desenvolver-se através de ações integradas ao turismo. Partindo do regional parte para o local, o município de Itaipulândia expressa essa região pelos investimentos em equipamentos turísticos, pela história da sua formação e pelos recursos advindos dos royalties da Itaipu.

The hypothesis of this study is that there is a relationship between race attitudes and "denominocentrism, " and with certain social categories, e.g., age, social class, income, education, etc., in the Church of the Brethren in the Pacific Coast Region. If a relationship can be identified and analyzed, the results will be of value as tools in helping to understand, predict, and change human behavior. It might be further suggested that if there is a strong relationship between attitudes and certain social categories in the church, attitudes of the Brethren on these issues, and perhaps on many more, are, to a large extent, conditioned by, if not the direct outgrowth of, certain socio-economic factors.