Ecological evaluation techniques have been used to classify or evaluate the relative conservation worthiness of a portion of the Eastern Cape coastal zone from Cannon Rocks to Port Alfred. A system-based approach, using a basic GIS, was used to compare three aspects of the coastal zone. Two existing planning documents (EMATEK/s Coastal Vegetation Importance Rating plan and CPA's Cape Coastal Conservation plan) were statistically compared - based primarily on the size and number of the landscape fragments (environmental criteria polygons). The resultant plan, an Intermediate Sensitivity Class map, was further integrated with the biophysical aspect of the coastal zone - coastal dunes. The final map is the product of these overlays to be used as a-working overlay for coastal zone decision-making. This is an Environmental Sensitivity map, which has no particular direct reference to any particular biophysical criteria, which categorizes the coastal zone according to the environmental sensitivity or conservation worthiness of the site. The categories are listed according to a sliding-scale of sensitivity or worthiness. There is, however, it strong association between the final map and the vegetation status of the coastline, as a direct result of the vegetation rating map and indirectly from the perception based coastal conservation plan. The formation of most assessment or evaluation plans are based on the vegetation status of the area. This map can be overlayed over the particular stretch of the coastline which it covers and the particular conservation status noted. There are numerous techniques available for assessment and evaluation each having their own specific merits and advantages. This plan, however, is a first attempt at integrating other specific plans into a single working document for the coastal zone manager.

Magister Legum - LLM / The purpose of the study is to outline the relevant legislation and assess whether it is adequately applied to protect the 240 km coastline with its associated sensitive ecosystems; in particular, as assessment will be made of the By-law.

Bibliography: pages 108-118. / Management of the coastal environment of the Erongo Region of Namibia is currently fraught with difficulty because of a lack of cohesive planning at national, regional, and local level; a multiplicity of agencies responsible for the management of coastal activities whose planning and management actions are not integrated; and, fragmented environmental legislation which suffers from a lack of coordination. The lack of integrated planning and management has resulted in an uncoordinated and fragmented approach to coastal zone management (CZM) in the Region. Development pressure exists on the coast of the Erongo Region because of factors such as high migration numbers into the area; an increased need for housing and employment; proposed dune mining activity; and, growth of the tourism industry with associated increases in infrastructural provision and the number of people visiting the area. Without effective planning, over-exploitation of coastal resources could occur. This could place at risk the resource base on which the Region depends as a source of income. To achieve better management of the coastal environment of the Erongo Region, the dissertation proposes a Coastal Zone Management Framework for the Region. The suggested Management Framework is applied to coastal zone management in Namibia. The analysis concerns Namibia, and not the Erongo Region, because the framework involves management planning at a national level, and not only at a regional level and local level; the setting in place of national level CZM policies, and not only regional level and local level CZM policies; the adoption of CZM legislation; the establishment of a steering committee to oversee implementation of the framework at national level; and the extension by national level authorities of the role of Strategic Environmental Assessment.

Includes bibliographies. / Most coastal nations recognise the environmental, economic and educational value of their coastal zones. Consequently, they have developed integrated management programmes and employ a variety of strategies, in particular, Environmental Impact Assessment, to promote the sustainable use and development of these resource- rich areas. In South Africa, the absence of a formal, holistic and systematic procedure for evaluating proposals that affect the coastal environment is identified as one of the main causes of coastal degradation. The Integrated Environmental Management Procedure, developed in 1992, provides a generic framework within which the planning and evaluation of proposals, significantly affecting the environment can be made. Further development of more detailed procedures, practical guidelines and tools for specific activities or in particular environments, is now urgently required. The central aim of this dissertation is to develop an environmental evaluation procedure for coastal township and resort development proposals, consistent with the principles of Integrated Environmental Management, and appropriate to the conditions in a developing country, such as South Africa. The proposed procedure addresses key weaknesses inherent in most Environmental Impact Assessment systems in developing countries and incorporates and builds upon relevant Coastal Zone Management strategies operative in South Africa. Furthermore, it seeks to unpack and clarify the Environmental Impact Assessment concept by identifying its underlying principles, clarifying procedural requirements and making operational the processes which characterise it. To assist with implementation, a variety of tools and a series of practical guidelines have been developed. The key features of the procedure were derived from an extensive literature review, an examination of the environmental evaluation and coastal management systems operating in South Africa, a questionnaire survey amongst coastal managers, and from case study material. Action research informed ideas for making operational the processes of scoping and public participation. Particular attention was given to identifying and developing appropriate methods and guidelines for identifying impacts, determining impact significance, involving the public, assessing recreational carrying capacity, clarifying trade-offs amongst alternatives, marrying expert opinion and local experiential knowledge and incorporating subjective value judgements into the assessment and decision-making processes. It is submitted that the employment of this procedure to all proposals affecting the coastal zone and the establishment of the proposed institutional mechanisms for its implementation, will streamline and enhance existing coastal management efforts and give direction to the further development and implementation of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management programme for South Africa.

Is the public movement the only way to stop the development project? What did activists experience when they communicate with the government within the system? This research studied two critical coastal conflicts in Taiwan- Kuokuang Petrochemical Project and Miramar Resort Project to find out root causes of movement, the practice of participating mechanism, and possible improvements. The study shows that the movement has its irreplaceable position, because the awareness, information, and participating mechanism are still insufficient in today’s Taiwan. For a better coastal zone management, it is necessary to complete the related legislation, improve the system and upgrade the mind-set from the government to the grassroots.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 285-294). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2002. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 365-380.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-137).