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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A Teoria Cognitiva Comportamental na intervenção telefônica para cessação do tabagismo / The Cognitive Behavioral Theory in the telephone intervention for smoking cessation

Oyama, Silvia Maria Ribeiro 01 February 2011 (has links)
A Teoria Cognitiva Comportamental (TCC) tem sido utilizada nos programas de cessação do tabagismo e tem apresentado resultados satisfatórios na sua aplicação. A abordagem telefônica também tem sido utilizada no tratamento dos fumantes, seu uso é recente e sua efetividade ainda não é consolidada. No Brasil, não existe um protocolo para a abordagem telefônica do fumante estruturado na TCC, assim este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a efetividade de um protocolo para cessação do tabagismo baseado na utilização de ambos. Para isso o perfil tabagístico e a dependência a nicotina foram avaliadas através da aplicação de questionário após o tempo controle, a intervenção e após seis meses do término da abordagem. Foram incluídos 101 indivíduos integrantes de uma UBS no estado de São Paulo. Cada indivíduo recebeu oito contatos com duração média de quarenta minutos, onde foi abordada a identificação e análise dos pensamentos automáticos, crenças disfuncionais, análise funcional do comportamental e emprego de técnicas para mudança de comportamento. Obteve-se uma abstinência imediata de 67,3% (p=0,001) e após seis meses, 37,6% de abstinência. Observou-se diminuição significativa dos cigarros fumados por dia (p=0,001) e diminuição da dependência à nicotina avaliado através do teste de dependência à nicotina, teste Fargeström, (p=0,001). Houve associação entre o sexo dos participantes e o resultado do estudo. Estes resultados sugerem uma efetividade do uso do protocolo baseado na Teoria Cognitiva Comportamental na intervenção telefônica para cessação do tabagismo na amostra estudada. / Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) has been used in programs for stopping smoking and has shown satisfactory results in their application. The telephone approach has also been used in the access to smokers, this use is recent and its effectiveness is not yet consolidated. In Brazil, there is no record for dealing in telephone approach to smoker (CBT), so this study is aimed to verify the effectiveness for stopping smoking based on the use of both. Therefore, the profile of the tobacco user and nicotine dependence were assessed using a questionnaire after the time control, intervention and six months after the end of the approach. 101 members of UBS in the state of Sao Paulo were enrolled in the program. Each person received eight contacts with an average duration of forty minutes, which dealt with the identification and analysis of automatic thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs, functional behavior analysis and use of techniques to change behavior. Results showed an immediate withdrawal of 67.3% (p = 0.001) and 37.6% after six months of abstinence. We observed a significant reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (p = 0.001) and decreased nicotine dependence measured by the test of nicotine dependence, Fargeström test (p = 0.001). There has been an association between sex of participants and the study\'s outcome. These results suggest effectiveness of using a protocol based on Cognitive Behavioral Theory in telephone intervention for stopping smoking in this population
2

A Teoria Cognitiva Comportamental na intervenção telefônica para cessação do tabagismo / The Cognitive Behavioral Theory in the telephone intervention for smoking cessation

Silvia Maria Ribeiro Oyama 01 February 2011 (has links)
A Teoria Cognitiva Comportamental (TCC) tem sido utilizada nos programas de cessação do tabagismo e tem apresentado resultados satisfatórios na sua aplicação. A abordagem telefônica também tem sido utilizada no tratamento dos fumantes, seu uso é recente e sua efetividade ainda não é consolidada. No Brasil, não existe um protocolo para a abordagem telefônica do fumante estruturado na TCC, assim este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a efetividade de um protocolo para cessação do tabagismo baseado na utilização de ambos. Para isso o perfil tabagístico e a dependência a nicotina foram avaliadas através da aplicação de questionário após o tempo controle, a intervenção e após seis meses do término da abordagem. Foram incluídos 101 indivíduos integrantes de uma UBS no estado de São Paulo. Cada indivíduo recebeu oito contatos com duração média de quarenta minutos, onde foi abordada a identificação e análise dos pensamentos automáticos, crenças disfuncionais, análise funcional do comportamental e emprego de técnicas para mudança de comportamento. Obteve-se uma abstinência imediata de 67,3% (p=0,001) e após seis meses, 37,6% de abstinência. Observou-se diminuição significativa dos cigarros fumados por dia (p=0,001) e diminuição da dependência à nicotina avaliado através do teste de dependência à nicotina, teste Fargeström, (p=0,001). Houve associação entre o sexo dos participantes e o resultado do estudo. Estes resultados sugerem uma efetividade do uso do protocolo baseado na Teoria Cognitiva Comportamental na intervenção telefônica para cessação do tabagismo na amostra estudada. / Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) has been used in programs for stopping smoking and has shown satisfactory results in their application. The telephone approach has also been used in the access to smokers, this use is recent and its effectiveness is not yet consolidated. In Brazil, there is no record for dealing in telephone approach to smoker (CBT), so this study is aimed to verify the effectiveness for stopping smoking based on the use of both. Therefore, the profile of the tobacco user and nicotine dependence were assessed using a questionnaire after the time control, intervention and six months after the end of the approach. 101 members of UBS in the state of Sao Paulo were enrolled in the program. Each person received eight contacts with an average duration of forty minutes, which dealt with the identification and analysis of automatic thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs, functional behavior analysis and use of techniques to change behavior. Results showed an immediate withdrawal of 67.3% (p = 0.001) and 37.6% after six months of abstinence. We observed a significant reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (p = 0.001) and decreased nicotine dependence measured by the test of nicotine dependence, Fargeström test (p = 0.001). There has been an association between sex of participants and the study\'s outcome. These results suggest effectiveness of using a protocol based on Cognitive Behavioral Theory in telephone intervention for stopping smoking in this population
3

From the mechanisms of cognitive control involved in binges to the development of a new behavioral therapy / Des mécanismes du contrôle cognitif impliqués dans la crise de boulimie au développement d’une nouvelle thérapie comportementale

Neveu, Rémi 26 March 2012 (has links)
La crise de boulimie est vécue comme une perte de contrôle par les patientes atteint de boulimie (BN), d’anorexie avec crise de boulimie (ANB) et d’hyperphagie boulimique. Si ces patientes présentent effectivement des performances dégradées aux tâches neuropsychologiques évaluant les mécanismes du contrôle cognitif modulant la tendance à s’engager dans des actions sans prendre en compte leurs conséquences, la méthodologie employée ne permet pas de séparer les mécanismes propres à la crise de boulimie de ceux plus généraux du trouble. La comparaison des performances à une batterie de tâches évaluant les différents mécanismes du contrôle cognitif, de patientes BN, ANB, anorexiques restrictives avec des sujets sains en conditions alimentaire et neutre révèle que les crises de boulimie seraient liées à un contrôle cognitif perturbé par un surplus attentionnel vers les stimuli alimentaires lors de la réalisation de tâches intuitives, déséquilibrant la modulation de ce contrôle sur la tendance générale à choisir des options risquées ou immédiates explicites. En modifiant la séquence d’ingestion des aliments au cours de la crise de boulimie pour augmenter leurs compétences de contrôle faisant défaut en situation alimentaire, des patientes répondant faiblement à la thérapie comportementale et cognitive ont diminué spontanément de 44% les quantités ingérées et la moitié d’entre elles a guéri. Si ces résultats nécessitent confirmation par une étude en imagerie fonctionnelle, ils montrent l’utilité de modéliser finement les mécanismes de traitement automatique de l’information pour améliorer les thérapies actuelles / Binge eating episodes are experienced by bulimic (BN), anorexic binging subtype (ANB) and binge eating disorder (BED) patients as periods of loss of control. This feeling is corroborated by the impaired behavioral performances to neuropsychological tasks assessing cognitive control but these results do not allow separating the mechanisms that are specific to the binge from those related to the whole psychopathology of the disorder. The goal of this thesis is to identify these mechanisms, to build a model explaining the occurrence of binges and to design and test a new behavioral intervention to treat directly binges. BN, ANB and anorexic restrictive subtype patients as well as matched controls underwent a battery of neuropsychological tasks performed in food and neutral conditions. Comparison of performances between the two conditions exhibited an impairment in food condition of intuitive mechanisms of cognitive control due to a higher attention paid to food stimuli. This results in an unbalanced modulation of the general trend to choose risky or immediate options when explicitly mentioned. Another group of ANB, BN and BED patients modified the sequence of ingestion of foods during the binge in order to train themselves to recruit the impaired mechanisms of cognitive control identified at the previous step. They experienced a spontaneous reduction of 44% of food intake during binges and half of them recovered from binges. While these results need to be confirmed by a functional neuroimaging study, they stress the importance of modeling precisely the instantaneous automated mechanisms that mediate behavior in order to improve current therapies

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