The project conceived within engineer’s studies of branch 2303T002 is subbmitting a proposal for radial bearing cage produce technology. It is also subbmitting a design solution to functional parts for blanking the “windows” and coining the “locks”. The cage will be made from sheet steel 11 300.29. This cage should replace the current one machined from the brass Ms 58 Al. According to the literary research and development experiences of the company ZKL Brno, a.s., two pairs of tools were designed. First one for blanking the “windows” and second one for coining the “locks”. Blanking punch, blanking die and coining punch will be made from the steel 19436, coining die will be made from the steel 19312. Heat-treating process will be accomplished according to the enclosed drawings. Both pairs of tools will be mounted in the press LENR 63 AU (manufactured by the company ŠMERAL Trnava), with nominal force 630 kN.

Coins and medallions are manufactured by using coining process which is a metal forming process. In coining of medallions, there is a strong need to shorten the production time and reduce the production cost and waste of material in conventional coining method. An alternative coining method may be considered in order to reduce the production time and the manufacturing cost. In this study, a new method has been proposed. In the proposed method, design of the medallion is performed by utilizing computer aided engineering (CAE) environment and the master die is manufactured by means of NC codes. The modular designs of blanking and coining die sets for medallions with a diameter in the range of 30-90 mm have been realized. Coining and blanking processes for production of the medallion have been simulated by using a commercial finite volume program. Moreover, a commemorative medallion for the opening ceremony of METU-BILTIR Center Forging Research and Application Laboratory has been designed. After die sets have been manufactured, the real-life experiments have been conducted by using 1000 tones mechanical forging press and 200 tones eccentric press available in Forging Research and Application Laboratory of the METU-BILTIR Center. The results have been compared with the computer simulations. After the real-life experiments, it has been observed that medallions have successfully been obtained by employing the new proposed method. Therefore, the new proposed method for coining has been verified.

[pt] A simulação computacional tem sido utilizada como ferramenta para otimizar processos de cunhagem e suportar o desenvolvimento de novos produtos neste setor. Compreender as forças e tensões que ocorrem durante o processo possibilita atuar de forma eficaz nas características do projeto, visando a redução de defeitos no produto e/ou o prolongamento da vida útil das ferramentas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a influência das características do relevo de uma medalha, no que se refere a sua geometria e altura, nas forças requeridas para a execução do processo e nas tensões geradas durante a cunhagem. Para isso, foi criado um modelo computacional 3D de uma medalha de cuproníquel, validado por meio de comparação com dados experimentais de cunhagem. Os resultados demonstram que a metodologia experimental aplicada e o modelo desenvolvido neste trabalho previram com sucesso o fluxo de material de acordo com a força de cunhagem aplicada. Simulações adicionais revelaram que a geometria e a altura dos relevos influenciam diretamente nas forças e tensões. Por exemplo, um relevo com geometria triangular exigiu 66 por cento mais força para ser delineado em comparação com um relevo circular com volume e profundidade equivalentes. Além disso, foi demonstrado que reduzir a altura do relevo em 20 por cento poderia levar a uma redução de 16 por cento na força. Discussões foram feitas a respeito da existência de Regiões Críticas de Cunhagem (RCC) na arte da medalha, caracterizadas por relevos altos e intricados. Essas regiões serão as últimas a serem delineadas e ditarão as forças requeridas e o patamar de tensões no produto. / [en] Computational simulation has become an essential tool for optimizing the minting process and supporting the development of new products in this industry. Understanding the forces and stresses that occur in the process enables effective control over the project s characteristics, in order to reduce product defects and/or prolong the lifespan of tools. This research aimed to investigate the influence of the relief features of a medal, specifically its geometry and height, on the coining forces required and the tensions generated during the coining. To achieve this goal, a 3D computational model of a copper-nickel medal was created and validated through a comparison with experimental data. The results demonstrate that the applied experimental methodology and the developed model successfully predicted the material flow according to the applied coining force. Additional simulations revealed that the geometry and height of the reliefs directly influence the forces and tensions. For example, a relief with a triangular geometry required 66 percent more force to be outlined compared to a circular relief with equivalent volume and depth. Furthermore, it was shown that reducing the relief height by 20 percent may lead to a 16 percent decrease in coining force. Discussions were held regarding the existence of Critical Coining Regions (CCR) in medal art, characterized by high and intricate reliefs. These regions will be the last to be outlined and will dictate the required forces and stress levels in the final product.

This study is in the area of terminology activities in Zimbabwe and it analyses the term creation used in the following selected specialised terms dictionaries: Duramazwi Reurapi Neutano (Dictionary of Biomedical Terms), Duramazwi Remimhanzi (Dictionary of Shona Musical Terms), and Duramazwi Redudziramutauro NeUvaranomwe (Dictionary of Shona Linguistic and Literature Terms). The study specifically analyses and explores how terminographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists made use of their term creation skills and strategies in the creation of new specialised terms for the field of music, health and linguistics. In addition, this research takes into account the impact of factors such as culture, socio- economic, etymological purity, attitudes of the target users, language policy, as well as availability of resourceson term creation. Hence, term creation is an exercise that involves many aspects and interlinked factors. This research advances the argument that while some term creation strategies (compounding, coining and derivation) can be adequate and appropriate, however, at times; they are some which result in created terms that are rather cumbersome, vague, artificial, and difficult to master and remember. In addition, this study found out that some term creation strategies (semantic expansion and loan translations) are unproductive; that means they do not add any value on the Shona language vocabulary. Moreover, the borrowing term creation strategy was analysed on the basis of whether it is promoting and elevating the Shona language or is it undermining its value and vitality. This study emphasises the need for a collaborative approach to term creation, with terminologists, linguists, subject area specialists and target language users during the different phases of word formation processes for the collective ownership of the created term and their acceptability to the target users. This study highlights that, through good term creation strategies the Shona Language can significantly contribute to the promotion and development of Shona language in Zimbabwe. Overally, the research yields a substantial amount of information in the terminological formation processes as well as the identification of factors that can be used to improve term creation strategies in order to develop indigenous languages for use in all spheres of life.The major contribution of this study is the identification and highlighting of the major strength and weaknesses of term creation strategies as a way of developing indigenous languages. The useful findings in this study will benefit the indigenous language development and language policy planners and terminologists in Zimbabwe and other African languages in similar situations. The significant amount of information about term creation that was used in the analysis of term creation in the three dictionaries was solicited from questionnaires and interviews that were carried out with linguists, the specialised dictionary compilers, music students, medical students and high school students doing Shona language and literature subject in Zimbabwe. More information on the term creation was done through content analysis of the three specialised dictionaries and the present researcher’s own experiences as a former Shona high school teacher, linguist and above all as a Shona language speaker. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)