Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: To assess the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy (UA COP) students’ attitudes toward, perceptions of, and interest in compounding pharmacy and to describe the influence of’ experience in compounding pharmacy. Methods: Questionnaires were administered during a regularly scheduled class. Students rated their opinions on the level of regulation of compounding pharmacies and the quality of patient care provided by compounding pharmacists compared to that provided by traditional community pharmacists, as well as their attitudes towards recommending a compounding pharmacy to a patient, family member, and himself/herself. Students also indicated their interest in learning and working in a compounding pharmacy. The survey was approved by the University IRB. Results: A total of 242 students completed the questionnaire, an 81% response rate. The 2nd and 3rd year students had significantly more experience in compounding pharmacy than the 1st year students (p=0.016). Students (92%) who had experience in compounding pharmacy, believed that compounding pharmacies are much more regulated compared to other pharmacies (p<0.001). Students with or without experience were interested in learning more about compounding pharmacy (p=0.14); however, students with experience were more interested in working in a compounding pharmacy (p<0.01).Attitudes towards and perceptions of quality of care of compounding pharmacy were similar. Conclusions: UA COP students have positive attitudes toward, perceptions of, and interest in compounding pharmacy and students’ experiences in compounding pharmacy influenced their interest in learning and working in a compounding pharmacy.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Villanova University, 2009. / Psychology Dept. Includes bibliographical references.

Prediction of the tabletting behavior of powdered drugs is of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry. An instrumented hydraulic press and punch and die assembly were used to study compaction behavior of 5 widely used pharmaceutical materials, Avicel, Emcompress, spray-dried lactose, crystalline acetaminophen USP and acetaminophen DC granules. The hydraulic press was able to compress the above materials at compaction speeds comparable to those of rotary tablet presses. The compression cycle of the Betapress could not be duplicated by the hydraulic press since, with the hydraulic press, the displacement was not constant at peak pressure. The compaction parameters measured by the hydraulic press were elastic recovery (ER), punch travel distance beyond peak pressure (D), punch travel time beyond peak pressure (PTT) decrease in the force during punch travel beyond peak pressure (F). The strength of the tablets was measured with a CT40 tablet hardness tester. D and PTT appeared to be measures of flow and bonding and to be useful parameters for the tabletting behavior of the above materials. In general, materials that displayed relatively long D and PTT values formed coherent tablets regardless of their elastic recovery. Avicel which displayed the longest D and PTT values (and the largest recovery) formed the strongest tablets while crystalline acetaminophen USP displayed the shortest D and PTT values and did not form coherent compacts. Thus for particulate materials that were able to flow and bond, elastic recovery did not appear to play an important role in the tabletting process. Avicel and spray-dried lactose displayed similar D and PTT values (ie. similar extent of flow and deformation) and Avicel's elastic recovery was about 3 times as much as of that of spray-dried lactose, but Avicel formed tablets that were about 5 times stronger than those of spray-dried lactose. Therefore the nature and number of bonds that are formed between the particles (which are related to the inherent property of the materials) appeared to be the most important factor in tablet formation. The effects of peak pressure (Pmax) and average compression rate (ACR) were examined on the above parameters. Generally peak pressure influenced the elastic recovery, D, PTT and hence the strength of the tablets more than the average compression rate. / Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph.D. (Clinical Tropical Medicine))--Mahidol University, 2003.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Chemistry, June 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The univariate and bivariate central chi-square- and F distributions have received a decent amount of attention in the literature during the past few decades; the noncentral counterparts of these distributions have been much less present. This study enriches the existing literature by proposing bivariate noncentral chi-square and F distributions via the employment of the compounding method with Poisson probabilities. This method has been used to a limited extent in the field of distribution theory to obtain univariate noncentral distributions; this study extends some results in literature to the corresponding bivariate setting. The process which is followed to obtain such bivariate noncentral distributions is systematically described and motivated. Some distributions of composites (univariate functions of the dependent components of the bivariate distributions) are derived and studied, in particular the product, ratio, and proportion. The benefit of introducing these bivariate noncentral distributions and their respective composites is demonstrated by graphical representations of their probability density functions. Furthermore, an example of possible application is given and discussed to illustrate the versatility of the proposed models. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Statistics / MSc / Unrestricted

The purpose of this master thesis is to make use of the category taxonomy of Wikipedia to determine the most reasonable split from the suggestions generated by an independent compound word splitter. The articles a word was found in can be seen as a group of contexts the word can occur in and also different representations of the word, i.e. an article is a representation of the word. Instead of only analysing the data of each single article, the intention is to find more data for each representation/context to perform an analysis on. The idea is to expand each article representing one context by including related articles in the same category. Two perceptions of a ”reasonable split” was studied. The first case was a split consisting of only two parts and the second case of unlimited parts. This approach is well-suited for choosing the correct split out of a several suggestions but unsuitable for identifying compound words. It would more often than not decide to not split a compound word. It is very dependant on the compound words appearing in Wikipedia. / Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utse den rimligaste uppdelningen av ett sammansatt ord genom användning av Wikipedias kategoritaxonomi. Förslag på olika uppdelningar genereras av en oberoende färdig algoritm. Artiklarna som ett ord finns can ses som en grupp av kontexter som ett ord kan förekomma i och olika framställningar av ett ord. Avsikten är att hitta mer data för varje framställning/kontext att utföra en analys på istället för att bara analysera artikeln ordet hittades i. Idéen som ska testas är att expandera varje artikel som representerar en kontext genom att inkludera relaterade artiklar i samma kategori. Två olika synsätt på ”rimliga uppdelningar” studerades. Första fallet var att endast dela upp sammansatta ord i två delar och andra fallet var att dela upp i obestämt antal delar. Metoden visade sig utmärka sig på att välja rätt uppdelning när den väl gjorde ett försök. En stor nackdel var att den ofta valde att inte dela upp sammansättningar trots att den skulle ha gjort det. Metoden är mycket beroende av att sammansättningarna måste finnas i Wikipedia.

Yes / When compounding polymers with additives to develop materials at specifications (colouring plastics is the simplest example), the difficulties is in getting the formulation right the first time. Also, when developing completely new materials such as in nanotechnology applications, there is a need to do the initial trials safely and with as small quantities as possible to enable a wide range of experimentation. Wiith traditional applications, often the initial compounding formulation is done using small single or twin screw extruders but with machines that have a fair output to instruct the large scale operation. This step is costly in material wastage and time but more importantly it often does not provide the right formulation which in turn results in bigger wastage cost at the industrial scale before the right formulation is eventually obtained. With the very new material formulations, any reduction in cost of development is always essential. With these aims in mind, we have developed a new minimixer capable of handling tiny quantities of order 10-100g but the minimixer is capable of reproducing the very high mixing conditions experienced in large machines. This invention provides a new opportunity to develop new products quickly, safely and cheaply. The application is not restricted to polymers and can be extended to other soft materials. It has also other spin-offs as a research tool for studying mixing and developing new, more efficient, mixing flows. In this paper we explain the principle of operation we have engineered to produce such intense mixing. Basically, the device is based on combining two opposing flows: a single screw extruder circulation flow with a twin screw extruder mixing flow. The mixing is carried out as a batch but on its completion, the single screw extruder flow is reversed and becomes co-current with the twin extruder flow to enable the discharging of the batch through a die. In the paper we present mixing data obtained with various polymer-additive combinations tested in the minimixer under various conditions of screw speeds, mixing times and temperatures and at the larger scale to underpin the operation of this novel mixer. The quality of mixing of the extrudate was measured using a variety of methods depending on applications: using image analysis of microtome sections of the extrudate or of blown film samples produced from the formulations or measuring electrical properties.

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse, réalisé dans le cadre de la Chaire Industrielle Bioplastiques financée par Mines ParisTech et Arkema, l'Oreal, Nestle, PSA et Schneider Electric, est de fournir une étude systématique sur les relations entre les conditions opératoires du procédé de compoundage et la structure de biocomposites polypropylène/fibres lin et Tencel®. En particulier, le comportement et la rupture des fibres ont été étudiés de manière détaillée pendant la mise en œuvre à l'état fondu en mélangeur interne et par extrusion bivis.Les fibres ont été observées in-situ en écoulement dans la matrice grâce à un système rhéo-optique. Ainsi, il a été montré que la décohésion des faisceaux de lin est facilitée par un rapport de forme initial plus grand. La fragmentation des fibres résulte d'un phénomène de fatigue et est provoquée par l'accumulation des déformations et de l'énergie mécanique. Au niveau de leur point de rupture, les fibres de lin et de Tencel® se déchirent et fibrillent, alors que les fibres élémentaires de lin cassent près de leurs « genoux ». Des analyses de distributions de tailles des fibres après compoundage avec la matrice ont corroboré les observations rhéo-optiques. Lorsque les conditions de mélange sont sévères, chaque « genou » devient un point de rupture et la longueur finale des fibres de lin se retrouve être égale à la longueur moyenne entre les « genoux ». Les faisceaux de lin initialement plus courts ne se dissocient et ne se fragmentent que très peu. La rupture des fibres de lin est différente en fonction de leur taille initiale et ces fibres ne conduisent pas au même comportement rhéologique pour les composites. En revanche, pour les fibres unitaires Tencel®, la taille initiale n'a que très peu d'influence sur leurs dimensions finales, à condition que les fibres ne soient pas trop longues et trop difficiles à disperser. Le temps de mélange est apparu déterminant pour préserver le rapport de forme des fibres. La déformation cumulée s'est révélée être un meilleur paramètre que l'énergie mécanique spécifique pour décrire à la fois la rupture des fibres de lin et de Tencel®. Les propriétés mécaniques en traction uniaxiale ont enfin été caractérisées et mises en relation avec les conditions de mélange et les dimensions finales des fibres. / The objective of this work, performed in the frame of the Industrial Chair in Bioplastics, financed by Mines ParisTech and Arkema, l'Oreal, Nestle, PSA and Schneider Electric, is to provide a systematic study of the relationships between the compounding conditions and the structure of biocomposites based on polypropylene/ flax and Tencel® fibres. In particular, the behaviour and the rupture of fibres were studied in detail during melt processing in an internal mixer and a twin screw extruder.The fibres were observed in situ during shear flow in a matrix by rheo-optics. The decohesion of flax bundles was shown to be made easier for fibres with higher initial aspect ratio. The fibres fragmentation occured by fatigue and is caused by an accumulation of strain and mechanical energy. At the breaking point, flax and Tencel® fibres are tearing and fibrillating, whereas elementary flax fibres break at “kink bands”. The analysis of fibres size distributions after compounding has corroborated rheo-optical observations. When processing conditions are severe, each “kink band” becomes a breaking point, and the final fibres length is equal to the mean length between two “kind bands”. The short flax bundles dissociate and break up less after compounding as compared to long bundles. As a result, the rheological properties of composites are different. The initial size of Tencel® fibres has almost no effect on fibre final dimensions, provided that they are not too long and thus do not make agglomerates. The mixing time seems to be decisive to preserve fibres aspect ratio. The cumulative strain was shown to be a better parameter than specific mechanical energy to describe fibres rupture for both Tencel® and flax fibres. Uniaxial tensile properties were characterized and correlated to the processing conditions and to final dimensions of fibres.