The topic of this thesis is "New confixes in French". This thesis is divided into two main parts: theoretical and analytical. The first part is theoretical and describes the historical development of "confixation" (learned compounding) as well as different theories and approaches to the word formation process. This part also defines "confixation" to other word formation processes (derivation and composition) and the structural component of "confixation" - a "confix". The second part is analytical and deals with specific learned stems (confixes) and learned compounding. The study material for this part of the thesis has been gained by the data excerption from the corpus Sketch Engine. The sample excerpted from the corpus is the subject of the analysis. The analysis focuses on the classic and modern confixes and their typology: classification of confixes according to the position in the learned compounding, or according to the origin, etc. The analysis also treats the morphological categories of learned compounding and their internal structure. The main focus is drawn to modern confixes that were created mostly by the change of meaning of the classic confix. This part deals with the newly created confixes in French that do not have the direct Greek or Latin base. These are mostly loanwords from English. The main aim of present thesis is to identify newly created confix compounds in comtemporary French.

The subject of the diploma thesis is a characteristic of the French N+N+N compounds of the type "relations parents-enfants" with the use of existing typology for other languages, mainly for Italian. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part defines the concepts of composition and composite, their distribution based on different criteria. They described graphic, morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of compounds. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the practical research in the corpus and subsequent analysis of the acquired data. The last part contains a draft classification of French relational compounds.

Les éléments empruntés au grec ancien ou au latin entrant dans les formations traditionnellement appelées composés néoclassiques sont souvent, dans la littérature, regroupés dans une même catégorie d’éléments. Cette thèse se concentre sur les formations impliquant onze éléments finaux (en français), logie, logue¬, cratie, crate, phobie, phobe, phone, phage, vore, cide et cole. Ces formations donnent lieu en français à de longues listes de lexèmes et semblent disponibles pour la création lexicale en dehors du vocabulaire savant. L’étude de ces éléments est effectuée dans le cadre de la Morphologie Constructionnelle (Booij 2010). Une base de données a été constituée pour analyser ces éléments : baptisée NεoClassy, elle regroupe les lexèmes formés au moyen de ces éléments finaux et récoltés dans des ressources dictionnairiques et sur la Toile. Les analyses effectuées sur cette base de données ont mis au jour des contraintes morphophonologiques et des contraintes sémantiques pesant sur ces formations. Une analyse distributionnelle a par ailleurs montré un comportement similaire entre certaines constructions néoclassiques de NεoClassy et les dérivés. Les schémas impliquant des éléments néoclassiques finaux et les schémas dans lesquels des éléments natifs finaux sont spécifiés sont intégrés dans un même modèle, sur la base de critères phonologiques, sémantiques et lexicaux. Les éléments néoclassiques ne font ainsi pas partie d’une classe homogène ; certains sont considérés comme des thèmes supplétifs de lexèmes quand d’autres ont un comportement similaire à celui des affixes. / Such elements as those borrowed from Ancient Greek or Latin, which enter into so-called neoclassical compounds, are often, in the literature, grouped together in a unique class of elements. This dissertation focuses on formations that involve eleven French final elements logie, logue¬, cratie, crate, phobie, phobe, phone, phage, vore, cide and cole. In French, those constructions generatelarge sets of lexemes and appear to be available for lexical creation aside from learned vocabulary. The study of these elements is conducted within the framework of Constructed Morphology (Booij 2010). A database, called NεoClassy, was built in order to analyse these elements. It gathers the lexemes, formed with these final elements, which were collected in dictionaries and on the Web. The analyses that were conducted on this database have brought morpho-phonological, semantic and lexical constraints to light. A distributional analysis has also shown that some neoclassical constructions from NεoClassy and derivates have a similar behaviour. The schemas that involve final neoclassical elements and those in which native final elements are specified are integrated in a same model, on the basis of phonological, semantic and lexical criteria. Neoclassical elements do not constitute a homogeneous class: some are considered as suppletive stems of lexemes when others have a similar behaviour to that of affixes.

La fibre de carbone (FC) est un matériau incontournable de l’industrie composite haute performance. Elaborée dans sa grande majorité à partir d’un précurseur couteux et d’origine fossile, le Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), elle est principalement utilisée dans des secteurs à forte valeur ajoutée. Des précurseurs bio-sourcés et peu couteux alternatifs sont envisagés afin de s’affranchir du PAN pour l réduction de poids dans l’industrie automobile. La lignine, depuis longtemps identifiée parmi les précurseurs d’origine renouvelable bon marché, est aujourd’hui disponible en quantité et qualité industrielles. Cependant, sa variabilité et sa complexité moléculaire, nécessitent bien souvent la réalisation de précurseurs hybrides. L’association avec d’autres polymères permet de garder les avantages de chacun des constituants (cout, mise en oeuvre, propriétés mécaniques…). Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit, découlent de ce constat et s’orientent sur l’utilisation d’alliage lignine et de thermoplastiques polyamides. Différents types de polyamides (PA11, PA12, PEBA) sont étudiés en mélange par voie fondu avec une lignine de feuillu extraite via le procédé organosolv. Les matériaux sont caractérisés par analyses calorimétriques, thermogravimétriques, rhéologiques et mécaniques. Il est montré que le caractère hydrophile du copobloc PEBA conduit à une miscibilité totale de la lignine permettant d’intégrer une forte part de matière d’origine renouvelable. Le PA 11, bien que non miscible, présente néanmoins une forte affinité avec les molécules de lignines. Ces mélanges conduisent à des alliages aux propriétés mécaniques comparables à celles de la matrice polymère tout en contenant une forte composante renouvelable. De plus, la carbonisation de ces matériaux conduit à la formation de fibre de carbone aux propriétés modestes mais comparables avec les FC exLignine existantes. / Carbon fibers (CF) are the essential reinforcing material in high performance composite industry. They are generally produced from polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a costly precursor from fossil origin, and are mainly used in high added-value sectors. Alternative bio-sourced and low-cost precursors are being considered in order to get rid of the PAN for weight reduction in automotive industry. Lignin, which has long been identified among the precursors of cheap renewable origin, is now available in industrial quantities and qualities. However, its variability and molecular complexity often require the production of hybrid precursors. Combination with other polymers makes it possible to retain the advantages of each of the constituents (cost, processability, mechanical properties, etc.). The work presented in this manuscript, stems from this observation and focusses on the use of blends of lignin and thermoplastic polyamides. Different types of polyamides (PA11, PA12, PEBA) are studied in a molten mixtures with a hardwood lignin extracted via the organosolv process. The materials are characterized by calorimetric, thermogravimetric, rheological and mechanical analyzes. It is shown that the hydrophilicity of the block copolymer PEBA leads to a total miscibility of the lignin; making it possible the integration of a high proportion of material from renewable sources. PA 11, although immiscible, has a high affinity with lignin molecules. These mixtures lead to blends with mechanical properties comparable to that of the neat polymer while containing a strong amount of renewable components. Moreover, the carbonization of these materials leads to the formation of carbon fibers, with modest properties but still comparable with the existing lignin based CFs.

This thesis presents the study of nanocomposites based on immiscible polymer blend of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PC/ABS) filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The aim is to achieve an improvement of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. In an initial stage, a twin-screw extruder was used to obtain nanocomposites by melt compounding. Three methods of carbon nanotubes addition were studied: direct addition, dilution from a masterbatch and feeding of MWCNT suspension in ethanol. For each method, the influence of nanofiller content and processing parameters on morphology and final properties of the nanocomposite was analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of two types of carbon nanotubes modifications was studied: covalent modification by surface-oxidation (MWCNT-COOH) and non-covalent modification by an addition of surfactant promoting the nanofiller-matrix interactions. A good dispersion of the MWCNT was obtained for masterbatch dilution and suspension feeding. Both methods showed preferential localization of carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate phase (PC). Samples processed by masterbatch dilution showed the 30 % increase of rigidity and a decrease of ductility of PC/ABS for 0.5 wt. % MWCNT. Electrical conductivity was influenced by processing temperature and carbon nanotubes type. The percolation threshold value was 2.0 wt. % for pristine MWCNT and 1.5 wt. % for modified MWCNT-COOH. Better balance of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity was achieved in the samples obtained by the masterbatch route. These properties were studied in a subsequent phase, when the extruded nanocomposite was injection molded in order to obtain a defined geometry. / Wegrzyn, M. (2014). Nanocomposites of Multiphase Polymer Blend Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes: Processing and Characterization [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36869 / TESIS

This Master’s thesis deals with the problematics of radically initiated compounding of polyethylene by 1-vinyladamantane. Theoretical part focuses on the theory of grafting processes and how they are influenced by chosen process parameters, as well as the properties of used monomer. In experimental part, two sets of experiments were designed, in both cases the chemicals used were polyethylene LITEN MB 87, (2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy) hexane), also called Trigonox 101, as the initiator, and chemicals called Ionol and Irgafos 168 as stabilizers. The experiments were carried out in a Brabender batch mixer, the temperature was 180 – 185 °C, the reaction time was 5 minutes. The analytic methods used to evaluate the prepared samples’ properties were the tensile testing, the Charpy notch test, measuring of the melt flow index, analyzing the torque during kneading and the analysis of infrared spectra of the samples. By carrying out of these experiments it was found that excessive crosslinking was present with mass fraction of initiator being as low as 2 %. It was also concluded that under these conditions the modification does not improve tensile properties of the material, but it does improve the impact strength, albeit slightly. The influence of the modification on flow properties needs to be investigated further. A presence of vinyl groups was observed in infrared spectra, suggesting the presence of ungrafted vinyladamantane.

Disturbance is fundamental to forest ecosystem function and overall health, but climate change is likely to increase both disturbance frequency and intensity in the future. Forests subject to increasingly frequent and intense disturbances are more likely to experience compounding disturbance effects. Compounding disturbances may exert unpredicted, non-additive stresses on ecosystems, leading to novel conditions that may exceed the capacity for local species to survive and regenerate. I further hypothesize that compounding disturbances could create conditions misaligned with species’ adaptations by altering physical and chemical growing conditions in forest soils, affecting forest composition, structure, and, subsequently, function for many years following disturbance. A better understanding of these remnant effects will be essential to managing and conserving coast redwood forests, which are projected to see increased frequency of fire under future climate scenarios. My objectives in this study were to quantify the effects of time-since-fire and single vs. compounding disturbances on coast redwood forest structure, composition, and regeneration dynamics and to evaluate the effects of abiotic soil qualities on post-fire regeneration. I mapped and sampled coast redwood forests burned in 1985, both 1985 and 1999, 2008, and 2013; modeled regeneration as a function of burn history, understory light, and post-fire nutrient levels; and tested redwood seed regeneration in post-fire soils in a greenhouse experiment. Forest structure, composition, and regeneration following compounding disturbance were most similar to the homogenous, redwood-dominated forest of the recent 2013 burn. There were no unique effects of compounding disturbance on soil nutrient levels, although variations in nutrient levels generally followed patterns seen in previous studies. Soil nitrate was positively associated with coast redwood regeneration levels, showing that soil nutrients may be influential in regeneration processes following disturbance. Time since burn and single burn histories were negatively associated with regeneration levels in the field, and there were no differences in seed germination in the greenhouse between soils from different fire histories. Increases in coast redwood forest dominance accompanied declines in bay laurel and tanoak presence, indicating a shift in post-fire forest structure and composition resulting from compounding disturbance. These results illustrate a complex relationship between regeneration dynamics, post-fire soil quality, and disturbance histories. Forest homogenization from compounding disturbances may have negative implications for ecosystem services and overall function if compounding disturbances are more frequent as predicted under future climate conditions.

No / Quality by design (QbD) is an essential part of the modern approach to pharmaceutical quality. This study was conducted in the framework of a QbD project involving ramipril tablets. Preliminary work included identification of the critical quality attributes (CQAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) based on the quality target product profiles (QTPPs) using the historical data and risk assessment method failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Compendial and in-house specifications were selected as QTPPs for ramipril tablets. CPPs that affected the product and process were used to establish an experimental design. The results thus obtained can be used to facilitate definition of the design space using tools such as design of experiments (DoE), the response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The project was aimed at discovering hidden knowledge associated with the manufacture of ramipril tablets using a range of artificial intelligence-based software, with the intention of establishing a multi-dimensional design space that ensures consistent product quality. At the end of the study, a design space was developed based on the study data and specifications, and a new formulation was optimized. On the basis of this formulation, a new laboratory batch formulation was prepared and tested. It was confirmed that the explored formulation was within the design space.

In an organism's natural environment, there are always an uncountable number of stimuli, and stimulus features, available to gain control over behavior. When these component stimuli are presented simultaneously, this new stimulus compound can occasion a previously unseen effect on behavior. Stimulus compounding is a method used to better understand how variables in stimulus features may impact the final effect on an organism's responding when presented with a stimulus compound. While stimulus compounding experiments are often conducted using intermodal tone and light stimuli, it is conducted far less often using intramodal stimuli, potentially due to the competing stimulus features of same-modality stimuli. Even less conducted research has been done using two odor component stimuli, despite the large impact odor has on many species' behavior. The purpose of this study was to conduct a stimulus compounding experiment using intramodal ambient odor stimuli in rats, to see what kind of effect a mixed odor compound would have on the subject's behavior. This was done using a wind tunnel designed operant chamber, where both subjects were trained to respond to independently presented odor stimuli. Following training a compound mixture of both component odors was presented to the subjects. The results of this study demonstrated an averaged effect on behavior, producing a response rate under the compound mixture that was intermediate to the response rates under each independent component stimulus. This may be due to several factors, including the efficacy of initial training procedures, the efficacy of the apparatus, and the merging of the component stimuli's features.

No description available.