This study compared the differences in treatment length, cost, cost effectiveness, dropout, and recidivism between a biomedical, talk therapy, and a collaborative mental health model for outpatient psychotherapy insurance claims. A biomedical model was the most cost effective with fewer sessions, but had a significantly higher dropout rate. Collaborative care had the least dropout, but also had higher costs and recidivism rates. Within collaborative care, differences between modality type, diagnosis, and provider type combinations were also examined. Within collaborative models, mixed modes of therapy had the lowest dropout, but at significantly higher costs and recidivism rates. Family therapy had the lowest recidivism and cost, with the highest dropout rate. In terms of specific problems, eating disorders had significantly more sessions and were significantly less cost-effective than any other diagnoses, followed by mood disorders. Relational disorders had the fewest sessions, best cost-effectiveness, and lowest recidivism rates. Finally, the MD/MFT provider type combination had the lowest dropout and recidivism rates, with the lowest cost, and a significantly better cost effectiveness than the MD/psychologist combination. The MD/psychologist combination had a significantly higher recidivism rate, and the MD/MSW combination had the highest dropout. No significant differences were found for any RN/talk therapy combination. Implications of the findings are discussed, along with limitations and future directions for research.

Objetivos: Estudar a confiabilidade e validade de uma versão brasileira dos módulos Episódio Depressivo Maior (EDM) e Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizado (TAG) do Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview TRACKING (MINI-TRACKING); comparar a evolução de pacientes com diagnóstico de EDM e TAG seguidos por equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) com acesso ao modelo de Cuidado Colaborativo (CC) em Saúde Mental versus um grupo de pacientes seguidos por equipes sem acesso ao CC. Metodologia: O estudo envolveu quatro equipes de ESF vinculadas à Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), sendo duas com acesso ao CC e duas sem CC. Um total de 147 pacientes foram entrevistados com o objetivo de rastrear transtornos mentais com a aplicação do WHO-5 e do COOP-WONCA Quadro Sentimentos. Após a confirmação diagnóstica de EDM e/ou TAG, com a entrevista MINI, 42 pacientes foram selecionados e concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Estes pacientes foram acompanhados por doze meses por um médico de família (MF), que aplicou periodicamente a cada oito a doze semanas os módulos EDM e/ou TAG do MINI-TRACKING. Para avaliação da fidedignidade e da validade concorrente, um psiquiatra (cego quanto ao diagnóstico do MF e quanto a qual equipe seguia o paciente) aplicou, com intervalo máximo de 72h do MF, os mesmos módulos do MINI-TRACKING, o PHQ-9 e/ou o GAD-7. Resultados: Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os pacientes das equipes com e sem CC no que se refere as características clínicodemográficas. Os itens individuais dos dois módulos do MINI-TRACKING mostraram boa fidedignidade inter-avaliadores (Kappa entre 0,78 e 0,98), bem como seus escores totais (Coeficiente Intra-classe de 0,996 e 0,993 para EDM e TAG, respectivamente). Os módulos EDM e TAG mostraram também boa validade concorrente com as escalas PHQ-9 e GAD-7 (coeficiente de Pearson 0,994 e 0,976, respectivamente). Trinta pacientes (quinze de equipes com CC e 15 de equipes sem CC) completaram as cinco avaliações no decorrer de um ano de seguimento. A ANOVAmr destes pacientes mostrou diferenças significativas no fator tempo e na interação tempo x intervenção, com diminuição significativamente maior dos escores do MINI-TRACKING nos pacientes seguidos pelas equipes com CC. Conclusão: Os módulos EDM e TAG do MINI-TRACKING são uma opção confiável para o seguimento de pacientes com estes diagnósticos. Este estudo também mostrou, de forma preliminar, que o CC em saúde mental é uma estratégia eficaz na redução de sintomas dos pacientes com EDM e TAG na Atenção Primária. / Objectives: To study the reliability and validity of a Brazilian version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - TRACKING (MINI-TRACKING) modules for Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD); To compare the outcomes of patients diagnosed with MDE and GAD followed by teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) with access to the Mental Health Collaborative Care model (CC) versus a group of patients followed by teams without access to CC. Methodology: The study involved four FHS teams of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), two of them with access to CC and two without it. A total of 147 patients were tracked for mental disorders with the application of the WHO-5 and the COOP-WONCA Chart Feelings. After confirming the diagnosis of MDE and/or GAD using the MINI interview, 42 patients were selected and agreed to participate. These patients were followed for twelve months by a family physician (FP), who applied regularly every eight to twelve weeks the MDE and/or the GAD MINI-TRACKING modules. To assess the reliability and concurrent validity, a psychiatrist (blind to the diagnosis and to which team the patient was followed) also applied the same modules of the MINI-TRACKING, the PHQ-9 and/or the GAD-7, with a maximum interval of 72 hours of the FP. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with and without CC teams regarding demographic and clinical characteristics. The individual items of the two MINI-TRACKING modules showed good inter-rater reliability (kappa between 0.78 and 0.98), as well as their total scores (Intra-class coefficient of 0.996 and 0.993 for MDE and GAD, respectively). The MDE and GAD modules also showed good concurrent validity with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales (Pearson coefficient 0.994 and 0.976, respectively). Thirty patients (fifteen with CC and 15 without CC) completed the five assessments during one year of follow up. The repeated-measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) showed significant differences in the time factor and the interaction time x intervention, decrease significantly higher of the MINI-TRACKING scores in the patients followed by teams with CC. Conclusion: MINI-TRACKING MDE and GAD modules are a reliable option for following patients with these diagnoses. This study also showed, preliminarily, that CC in Mental Health is an effective strategy in reducing symptoms in Primary Care patients with MDE and GAD.

Objetivos: Estudar a confiabilidade e validade de uma versão brasileira dos módulos Episódio Depressivo Maior (EDM) e Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizado (TAG) do Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview TRACKING (MINI-TRACKING); comparar a evolução de pacientes com diagnóstico de EDM e TAG seguidos por equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) com acesso ao modelo de Cuidado Colaborativo (CC) em Saúde Mental versus um grupo de pacientes seguidos por equipes sem acesso ao CC. Metodologia: O estudo envolveu quatro equipes de ESF vinculadas à Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), sendo duas com acesso ao CC e duas sem CC. Um total de 147 pacientes foram entrevistados com o objetivo de rastrear transtornos mentais com a aplicação do WHO-5 e do COOP-WONCA Quadro Sentimentos. Após a confirmação diagnóstica de EDM e/ou TAG, com a entrevista MINI, 42 pacientes foram selecionados e concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Estes pacientes foram acompanhados por doze meses por um médico de família (MF), que aplicou periodicamente a cada oito a doze semanas os módulos EDM e/ou TAG do MINI-TRACKING. Para avaliação da fidedignidade e da validade concorrente, um psiquiatra (cego quanto ao diagnóstico do MF e quanto a qual equipe seguia o paciente) aplicou, com intervalo máximo de 72h do MF, os mesmos módulos do MINI-TRACKING, o PHQ-9 e/ou o GAD-7. Resultados: Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os pacientes das equipes com e sem CC no que se refere as características clínicodemográficas. Os itens individuais dos dois módulos do MINI-TRACKING mostraram boa fidedignidade inter-avaliadores (Kappa entre 0,78 e 0,98), bem como seus escores totais (Coeficiente Intra-classe de 0,996 e 0,993 para EDM e TAG, respectivamente). Os módulos EDM e TAG mostraram também boa validade concorrente com as escalas PHQ-9 e GAD-7 (coeficiente de Pearson 0,994 e 0,976, respectivamente). Trinta pacientes (quinze de equipes com CC e 15 de equipes sem CC) completaram as cinco avaliações no decorrer de um ano de seguimento. A ANOVAmr destes pacientes mostrou diferenças significativas no fator tempo e na interação tempo x intervenção, com diminuição significativamente maior dos escores do MINI-TRACKING nos pacientes seguidos pelas equipes com CC. Conclusão: Os módulos EDM e TAG do MINI-TRACKING são uma opção confiável para o seguimento de pacientes com estes diagnósticos. Este estudo também mostrou, de forma preliminar, que o CC em saúde mental é uma estratégia eficaz na redução de sintomas dos pacientes com EDM e TAG na Atenção Primária. / Objectives: To study the reliability and validity of a Brazilian version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview - TRACKING (MINI-TRACKING) modules for Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD); To compare the outcomes of patients diagnosed with MDE and GAD followed by teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) with access to the Mental Health Collaborative Care model (CC) versus a group of patients followed by teams without access to CC. Methodology: The study involved four FHS teams of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), two of them with access to CC and two without it. A total of 147 patients were tracked for mental disorders with the application of the WHO-5 and the COOP-WONCA Chart Feelings. After confirming the diagnosis of MDE and/or GAD using the MINI interview, 42 patients were selected and agreed to participate. These patients were followed for twelve months by a family physician (FP), who applied regularly every eight to twelve weeks the MDE and/or the GAD MINI-TRACKING modules. To assess the reliability and concurrent validity, a psychiatrist (blind to the diagnosis and to which team the patient was followed) also applied the same modules of the MINI-TRACKING, the PHQ-9 and/or the GAD-7, with a maximum interval of 72 hours of the FP. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with and without CC teams regarding demographic and clinical characteristics. The individual items of the two MINI-TRACKING modules showed good inter-rater reliability (kappa between 0.78 and 0.98), as well as their total scores (Intra-class coefficient of 0.996 and 0.993 for MDE and GAD, respectively). The MDE and GAD modules also showed good concurrent validity with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales (Pearson coefficient 0.994 and 0.976, respectively). Thirty patients (fifteen with CC and 15 without CC) completed the five assessments during one year of follow up. The repeated-measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) showed significant differences in the time factor and the interaction time x intervention, decrease significantly higher of the MINI-TRACKING scores in the patients followed by teams with CC. Conclusion: MINI-TRACKING MDE and GAD modules are a reliable option for following patients with these diagnoses. This study also showed, preliminarily, that CC in Mental Health is an effective strategy in reducing symptoms in Primary Care patients with MDE and GAD.

Qualitative case study research on Physician Assistants / Background: The Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC) introduced Physician Assistants (PAs) into the Ontario health care system in 2006 to help increase patient access to care, decrease wait times, and improve continuity of care. As a new addition to Ontario, little research exists to describe the roles and contributions of PAs. The aim of this dissertation is to explore PA role integration through an in-depth analysis of setting and role descriptions, barriers and facilitators of role integration, and healthcare provider perceptions. Methods: An exploratory, multiple-case study was used to examine PA role integration in four clinical settings: family medicine, emergency medicine, general surgery, and inpatient medicine. Inductive thematic analysis was used within each of the four cases and for the cross-case thematic analysis. Results: Forty-six health care providers and administrators were interviewed across 19 different healthcare sites. Support for PA contributions across various health care settings, the importance of role awareness, supervisory relationship attributes, and role vulnerability (in relation to sustainability and funding) are interconnected and dynamic in general surgery, inpatient medicine, emergency department and family medicine settings. These findings demonstrate how the flexible and adaptable nature of the PA role and the PAs ability to build relationships allows for the establishment of interprofessional, collaborative, and person-centered care. Conclusions: This dissertation provides a rich understanding of the role of PAs in the Ontario healthcare system through an exploration of role definition, impact on patient care, and professional perceptions. The findings from this dissertation are important from a broad systems perspective as the results help fill existing knowledge and practice gaps regarding the role of PAs, and will help inform the design of human health resource research in order to optimize health care system efficiencies. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Physician Assistants (PAs) are a new health care profession in Ontario, and were introduced by the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care (MOHLTC) in 2006 to help increase access to care and decrease wait times for patients. PAs are trained to work with physicians to extend healthcare services. This research study was undertaken to explore how the PA role has been integrated into number of health care settings, including family practices, emergency departments, general surgery and inpatient medicine settings. The research design is a qualitative case study, which allows for an in-depth exploration of the PA role. Findings revealed that PAs are flexible, collaborative, and adaptable members of healthcare teams in Ontario, who have an interest in enhancing patient care. Despite these benefits, role optimization is often limited by factors such as lack of funding and resistance from other healthcare providers. The findings from this study help fill research gaps around the PA profession in Ontario, and will help inform stakeholders interested in optimizing the impact of PAs in the Ontario healthcare system.

A complexidade da atenção à saúde, como um reflexo da influência de uma diversidade de fatores sobre o processo saúde-doenças das pessoas, requer uma combinação de saberes e fazeres, com as devidas competências técnicas e relações peculiares a cada profissão de saúde, com o estabelecimento de habilidades interpessoais para a produção de relações colaborativas entre os profissionais, os usuários e as organizações de saúde. Nesse contexto, emerge o Cuidado Colaborativo que acontece quando, em uma ação coordenada na tentativa de buscar atingir maior aproximação com a integralidade da atenção de que um usuário precisa, profissionais de vários núcleos de competência e responsabilidade da saúde, diversas organizações de saúde, incluindo os usuários, trabalham juntos cotidianamente para conseguir um benefício compartilhado e obter um objetivo comum. Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de organização para implantar o cuidado colaborativo integrante do processo de enfermagem, à adolescente com condições ginecobstétricas, a partir da atenção hospitalar, como dispositivo na contribuição da promoção da integralidade da atenção na rede de serviços do sistema de saúde. Foi desencadeada a realização de uma pesquisa-ação, organizada dentro da estrutura metodológica do processo de enfermagem, tomando por referência a implantação da Linha de Ação Teias do Adolescer, de um núcleo de extensão universitária, em colaboração com mais duas instituições, um hospital materno-infantil e de uma prefeitura, todos de um município do interior da Bahia, compondo o cenário de estudo. Teve como sujeitos do estudo em uma equipe de pesquisa-ação composta por representantes das três instituições do cenário de pesquisa. Os dados empíricos foram coletados por meio da técnica de grupos de discussão. A análise dos dados se deu pelo método de Análise Temática, tendo como apoio para isso o uso do software de tratamento de dados qualitativos NVivo 10, da QSR International. Do material empírico analisado emergiram três conjuntos temáticos: a) O cuidado colaborativo na atenção à saúde na perspectiva da equipe do Teias de Adolescer; b) A integralidade na atenção à saúde na perspectiva da equipe do Teias de Adolescer; e c) O Processo de Enfermagem no contexto do Teias de Adolescer. Os resultados analisados no processo que está, e estará, permanentemente em curso vêm apontando, mesmo de forma incipiente, que o cuidado colaborativo tem potencialidade para contribuir para o cuidado integral e servir como disparador para promoção da integralidade da atenção à saúde, seja por meio da colaboração intraorganizacional e/ou interorganizacional / Health care complexity, as a reflection of the influence of a variety of factors on people\'s health-disease process, requires a combination of knowledge and action, with the necessary technical skills and peculiar relations to each health profession, with the establishment of relational skills for the production of collaborative relationships among healthcare professionals, users and organizations. Within such context, Collaborative Care emerges when, in a coordinated attempt to seek to achieve closer ties with the comprehensive care that a user needs, accountability and specialization health professionals, health organizations, including users, work together on a daily basis to achieve shared goals and benefits. This study aimed to analyze the organization process to apply collaborative care, as constituent of the Nursing Process, to teenagers with gynecobstetric conditions, in the context of hospital care, as an approach to promoting comprehensive care in the service network of the health system. The conducted action research was organized within the methodological framework of the nursing process, with reference to the implementation of the project \"Teias do Adolescer\" (which is part of a university extension teenager health care program), in collaboration with two other institutions: a maternal and child hospital, and a city hall administration, all in a city in the interior of the State of Bahia, Brazil. As study subjects of the action research, representatives of the three mentioned institutions were involved. Empirical data were collected through discussion groups. Data analysis was made by the method of Thematic Analysis, supported by the NVivo 10 of QSR International software. The empirical material analyzed revealed three thematic clusters: a) The collaborative health care from the perspective of the \"Teias do Adolescer\" staff; b) The completeness in health care from the perspective of the \"Teias do Adolescer\" staff; and c) the nursing process in the context of the \"Teias do Adolescer\" project. The results analyzed in the ever-ongoing process have pointed out, even incipiently, that the collaborative care has the potential to contribute to a total care and serve as a trigger for the promotion of integral health care, either through intra-organizational or interorganizational collaboration

Decades of research have shown that there are significant advantages to maintaining close communicative and collaborative relationships between primary care and behavioral health providers. Fiscal, structural, and systemic barriers, however, often restrict the degree to which such interprofessional collaboration can occur. In the present study the authors examined relationships between primary care clinics in the Appalachian region’s characteristics (i.e., clinic type, rurality, and clinic size), barriers (i.e., fiscal, structural, and systemic) reported to using increased collaboration, and the level of collaboration used at a particular clinic. For the present study 136 surveys were completed by providers working in primary care practices across the Appalachian region of Tennessee. The results showed that only about one fifth of the primary care clinics in Appalachian Tennessee reported engaging in moderate to high levels of primary care behavioral health (PCBH) collaboration (e.g., colocated or integrated models of care). Among community health clinics, however, nearly half reported moderate or high levels of collaboration. The findings of this study underscore the importance policy change (e.g., changes in reimbursement patterns, increases in incentives, introduction of PCBH models in training programs) in facilitating the uptake of high levels of PCBH collaboration in Appalachian Tennessee (especially in regards to nonpublicly funded clinics). Further, the methodology used in this study could provide policymakers and researchers in other regions of the U.S. with a means for obtaining baseline data regarding local trends in PCBH collaboration and could serve as first step in developing a standardized methodology for comparing the overall uptake of PCBH collaboration models across regions.

Collaborative care is a philosophy which guides the work of interdisciplinary teams and patients and their families internationally. It has been demonstrated to improve quality of care, safety, and patient and staff satisfaction, yet applying this philosophy still requires much investigation. This thesis describes processes of change directed towards a vision to enhance collaborative care relationships with patients and families within one hospital site of a non-acute academic health science centre in Ontario, Canada. By building focused conversations around existing patient and family centred education and using an initial conceptual framework of customer service, healthcare providers, mid- and senior level leaders shared their perspectives, negotiated meanings and created innovations to enhance collaborative relationships within the organization. Based within the critical paradigm, a critical collaborative ethnography was constructed with the use of sequential and mixed research methodologies. The ethnography evolved over three phases in a step-wise and additive design during the three year period of study. Phase 1 examined the perspectives of healthcare providers in an exploratory case study which contributed to mid-level leaders’ discussions in Phase 2. Cumulative findings from Phases 1 and 2 were brought to discussions with senior leaders in Phase 3. Members of a participative action research team assisted with research design and study processes. Shared meanings and innovative change ideas were developed and captured through the use of semi-structured focus groups and interviews, survey, participant observation and inductive analysis. A conceptual framework of ‘partners-in-care’ emerged and was used to assist participants to make sense of the values and factors important in their work with respect to collaborative relationships. The research processes facilitated the development of many innovations to enhance collaborative practice within the hospital. The organization was described by the research as undergoing directed change to enhance collaborative care as evidenced through participant self-reports, observed initiatives and the ethnographic descriptions. / Thesis (Ph.D, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2012-06-25 15:06:24.687

A complexidade da atenção à saúde, como um reflexo da influência de uma diversidade de fatores sobre o processo saúde-doenças das pessoas, requer uma combinação de saberes e fazeres, com as devidas competências técnicas e relações peculiares a cada profissão de saúde, com o estabelecimento de habilidades interpessoais para a produção de relações colaborativas entre os profissionais, os usuários e as organizações de saúde. Nesse contexto, emerge o Cuidado Colaborativo que acontece quando, em uma ação coordenada na tentativa de buscar atingir maior aproximação com a integralidade da atenção de que um usuário precisa, profissionais de vários núcleos de competência e responsabilidade da saúde, diversas organizações de saúde, incluindo os usuários, trabalham juntos cotidianamente para conseguir um benefício compartilhado e obter um objetivo comum. Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de organização para implantar o cuidado colaborativo integrante do processo de enfermagem, à adolescente com condições ginecobstétricas, a partir da atenção hospitalar, como dispositivo na contribuição da promoção da integralidade da atenção na rede de serviços do sistema de saúde. Foi desencadeada a realização de uma pesquisa-ação, organizada dentro da estrutura metodológica do processo de enfermagem, tomando por referência a implantação da Linha de Ação Teias do Adolescer, de um núcleo de extensão universitária, em colaboração com mais duas instituições, um hospital materno-infantil e de uma prefeitura, todos de um município do interior da Bahia, compondo o cenário de estudo. Teve como sujeitos do estudo em uma equipe de pesquisa-ação composta por representantes das três instituições do cenário de pesquisa. Os dados empíricos foram coletados por meio da técnica de grupos de discussão. A análise dos dados se deu pelo método de Análise Temática, tendo como apoio para isso o uso do software de tratamento de dados qualitativos NVivo 10, da QSR International. Do material empírico analisado emergiram três conjuntos temáticos: a) O cuidado colaborativo na atenção à saúde na perspectiva da equipe do Teias de Adolescer; b) A integralidade na atenção à saúde na perspectiva da equipe do Teias de Adolescer; e c) O Processo de Enfermagem no contexto do Teias de Adolescer. Os resultados analisados no processo que está, e estará, permanentemente em curso vêm apontando, mesmo de forma incipiente, que o cuidado colaborativo tem potencialidade para contribuir para o cuidado integral e servir como disparador para promoção da integralidade da atenção à saúde, seja por meio da colaboração intraorganizacional e/ou interorganizacional / Health care complexity, as a reflection of the influence of a variety of factors on people\'s health-disease process, requires a combination of knowledge and action, with the necessary technical skills and peculiar relations to each health profession, with the establishment of relational skills for the production of collaborative relationships among healthcare professionals, users and organizations. Within such context, Collaborative Care emerges when, in a coordinated attempt to seek to achieve closer ties with the comprehensive care that a user needs, accountability and specialization health professionals, health organizations, including users, work together on a daily basis to achieve shared goals and benefits. This study aimed to analyze the organization process to apply collaborative care, as constituent of the Nursing Process, to teenagers with gynecobstetric conditions, in the context of hospital care, as an approach to promoting comprehensive care in the service network of the health system. The conducted action research was organized within the methodological framework of the nursing process, with reference to the implementation of the project \"Teias do Adolescer\" (which is part of a university extension teenager health care program), in collaboration with two other institutions: a maternal and child hospital, and a city hall administration, all in a city in the interior of the State of Bahia, Brazil. As study subjects of the action research, representatives of the three mentioned institutions were involved. Empirical data were collected through discussion groups. Data analysis was made by the method of Thematic Analysis, supported by the NVivo 10 of QSR International software. The empirical material analyzed revealed three thematic clusters: a) The collaborative health care from the perspective of the \"Teias do Adolescer\" staff; b) The completeness in health care from the perspective of the \"Teias do Adolescer\" staff; and c) the nursing process in the context of the \"Teias do Adolescer\" project. The results analyzed in the ever-ongoing process have pointed out, even incipiently, that the collaborative care has the potential to contribute to a total care and serve as a trigger for the promotion of integral health care, either through intra-organizational or interorganizational collaboration

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Objectives: To examine the effect of a collaborative care program for late-life depression on risk of diabetes among depressed, older adults. Method: We conducted a 9-year follow-up study of 160 older, primary care patients with a depressive disorder but without diabetes enrolled at the Indiana sites of the Improving Mood-Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) trial. Results: Surprisingly, the rate of incident diabetes in the collaborative care group (22/80 = 27.5%) was twice the rate observed in the usual care group (11/80 = 13.7%). Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for randomization status (HR = 1.94, p = .076), demographic factors (HR = 1.94, p = .075), and additionally for diabetes risk factors (HR = 1.73, p = .157) indicated that the risk of incident diabetes did not differ between the collaborative care and usual care groups, with collaborative care patients remaining at a nonsignificant increased risk. Conclusions: Our novel findings suggest that depression may not be a casual risk factor for diabetes and that depression treatment may be insufficient to reduce the excess diabetes risk of depressed, older adults.

<p dir="ltr">Background. Although depression is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), few clinical trials in people without CVD have examined the effect of depression treatment on CVD-related outcomes. It’s unknown if successful depression treatment improves indicators of CVD risk, such as CVD-relevant health behaviors, traditional CVD risk factors, and CVD events. </p><p dir="ltr">Methods. We examined data from eIMPACT trial, a phase II randomized controlled trial conducted from 2015-2020. Depressive symptoms, CVD-relevant health behaviors (self-reported CVD prevention medication adherence, sedentary behavior, and sleep quality) and traditional CVD risk factors (blood pressure and lipid fractions) were assessed. Incident CVD events over four years were identified using a statewide health information exchange. </p><p dir="ltr">Results. The intervention group exhibited greater improvement in depressive symptoms (p < 0.01) and sleep quality (p < 0.01) than the usual care group, but there was no intervention effect on systolic blood pressure (p = 0.36), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.38), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.79), triglycerides (p = 0.76), CVD prevention medication adherence (p = 0.64), or sedentary behavior (p = 0.57). There was an intervention effect on diastolic blood pressure that favored the usual care group (p = 0.02). CVD-relevant health behaviors did not mediate any intervention effects on traditional CVD risk factors. Twenty-two participants (10%) experienced an incident CVD event. The likelihood of an CVD event did not differ between the intervention group (12.1%) and the usual care group (8.3%; HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.62-3.40, p = 0.39). </p><p dir="ltr">Conclusions. Successful depression treatment alone improves self-reported sleep quality but is not sufficient to lower CVD risk of people with depression. Alternative approaches may be needed reduce CVD risk in depression. </p><p dir="ltr">Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02458690 </p><p dir="ltr">Keywords: depression, cardiovascular disease, blood pressure, lipids, medication adherence, sedentary behavior, sleep quality, collaborative care, internet interventions, clinical trial</p>