La question de la mobilisation des compétences, des informations, des connaissances, des savoirs, des intelligences, appuyée par un ensemble de technologies est aujourd'hui devenue centrale. Dans un contexte où l'information et la connaissance sont des éléments qui participent à l'avantage concurrentiel, leur capitalisation et la création d'un dispositif permettant de les mobiliser en situation sont au cœur des problématiques actuelles qui pourraient alors se résumer autour de la question suivante : Quelle méthode ou quel dispositif pourrions-nous mettre en œuvre pour tenter de décrire et d'accompagner l'intelligence organisationnelle ? Notre thèse propose une méthode de description de l'intelligence organisationnelle. Elle s'inspire des méthodes professionnelles de description des processus et s'est enrichie du séminaire de recherche « Entre normes et formes », développé par le PREFics, laboratoire de recherche de l'université Rennes 2 / The issue of mobilization of skills, information, knowledge, intelligence, supported by a set of technologies has now become central. In an environment where information and knowledge are elements that contribute to competitive advantage, their capitalization and the creation of a mechanism to mobilize them in a situation is at the heart of the current issues that could then be summarized around the question : What method or mechanism could we implement to try to describe and to support organizational intelligence ? Our thesis proposes a method of description of organizational intelligence. It draws on the professional practices of process mapping and has been enriched by the research seminar "Between norms and forms," developed by the PREFics, Research Laboratory of the University of Rennes 2

In this dissertation, we explore the potential of a forum to support collaboration and knowledge sharing among Virtual Communities of practice. We thus propose a coding scheme based on the Rainbow model and test it in order to analyze the content of two forums of R&D VcoP. We demonstrate that a forum supports asynchronous argumentative activities and thus enhances global collaboration and knowledge sharing among R&D VcoP members. We then propose an enriched model based on the work of Line Dube and tested it to characterize the R&D VcoP studied. We prove that the community configuration has a direct impact on the online dynamic of the community. We point out the main factors that play a key role in fostering online collaboration and knowledge sharing between R&D Virtual community members.

La presente investigación estudia el sector gastronómico de Lima Moderna y Lima Norte al primer trimestre del 2020 que trabaja con plataformas colaborativas como canal de distribución de productos. Asimismo, se busca identificar si para los diferentes tipos de empresas del sector gastronómico de Lima Moderna y Lima Norte son iguales los factores para el uso de plataformas colaborativas: factores para iniciar el uso, factores para continuar con el uso y factores de riesgo para el uso de plataformas colaborativas como canal de distribución de productos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es establecer si son iguales estos factores para usar plataformas colaborativas como canal de distribución de productos en empresas del sector gastronómico de Lima Moderna y Lima Norte al primer trimestre del 2020. Se realizó una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo correlacional, diseño no experimental transeccional, con muestra por conveniencia. La encuesta aplicada fue validada por un experto para su aplicación. Mediante el uso de la herramienta SPSS se realizó la prueba exacta de Fisher tras los resultados se comprobó que los factores para el uso de plataformas colaborativas como canal de distribución de productos no son iguales en las empresas del sector gastronómico de Lima Moderna y Lima Norte al primer trimestre del 2020, ello dado que la mayoría de los factores para iniciar el uso no son homogéneos, así como la totalidad de los factores de riesgo para el uso no son homogéneos. Sin embargo, los factores para continuar el uso de plataformas colaborativas sí son iguales en las empresas el sector gastronómico delimitado. Es relevante mencionar que, debido a la poca información del tema, por ser novedoso, se realizó tanto un análisis descriptivo como un análisis estadístico de los resultados. / This research studies the gastronomic sector of selected districts of Metropolitan Lima that work with collaborative platforms as a product distribution channel. Likewise, it seeks to identify whether the factors for the use of collaborative platforms are the same among the different types of companies in the gastronomic sector of selected districts of Metropolitan Lima: factors to start the use, factors to continue with the use and risk factors for the use of collaborative platforms as a product distribution channel. The main objective of this research is to establish if these factors are the same to use collaborative platforms as a product distribution channel in companies of the gastronomic sector of selected districts of Metropolitan Lima. A quantitative approach research was carried out, with a descriptive correlational scope, non-experimental transectional design, with a convenience sample. The applied survey was validated by an expert for the application. Through the use of the SPSS tool, Fisher's exact test was carried out, after the results, it was found that the factors for the use of collaborative platforms as a product distribution channel and risk factors for the use of collaborative platforms as a product distribution channel are not the same in companies in the gastronomic sector of Modern Lima and North Lima as of the first quarter of 2020. This, because most of the factors to initiate use are not homogeneous, as well as all the risk factors for use are not homogeneous. However, the factors to continue the use of collaborative platforms are the same in companies in the delimited gastronomic sector. It is worth mentioning that, due to the little information of the subject, being novel, a descriptive analysis was performed both as a statistical analysis of the results. / Tesis

Las empresas Fintech están reconfigurando la industria financiera mundial a través de modelos de negocio disruptivos que hasta hace unos años se creían imposibles de realizar. Este es el caso de los préstamos alternativos como el crowdlending que permite préstamos entre particulares y elimina la intermediación financiera. Creando un mercado de préstamos en línea que junta a inversores y prestatarios, ambos con distintas necesidades, los primeros en búsqueda de mejores retornos a su inversión, mientras que los segundos en búsqueda de préstamos rápidos y condiciones favorables. Recientemente en el Perú, han surgido empresas que ofrecen este tipo de servicio y están comenzado a alterar la supremacía de la banca tradicional. En ese contexto, el principal objetivo del presente trabajo es el de diseñar y construir una plataforma de préstamos alternativos que permita la gestión de inversores y prestatarios, el registro y evaluación de las solicitudes de crédito, la inversión automática y manual en los préstamos, el procesamiento y asignación de pagos y el seguimiento del desempeño con reportes. Sobre la evaluación crediticia, está es realizada por un Sistema Experto desarrollado en CLIPS y utilizado a través de un servicio web. Finalmente, para este trabajo se han seguido los lineamientos de la metodología RUP, se han elaborado diagramas utilizando el lenguaje de modelado UML, y se han considerado las guías y buenas prácticas que brinda el PMI. Esperando que esta solución ayude a la empresa objeto de estudio y que sirva como punto de partida a futuras investigaciones. / Fintech companies are reshaping the global financial industry through disruptive business models that until a few years ago werbelieved impossible to carry out. This is the case of alternative loans such as crowdlending that allows loans between individuals and eliminates financial intermediation. Creating an online loan marketplace that brings together investors and borrowers, both with different needs, the former in search of better returns on their investment, while the latter in search of quick loans and favorable conditions. Recently in Peru, companies that offer this type of service have emerged and are beginning to alter the supremacy of traditional banking. In this context, the main objective of this work is to design and build an alternative loan platform that allows the management of investors and borrowers, the registration and evaluation of credit applications, automatic and manual investment in loans, the processing and allocation of payments and tracking performance with reports. Regarding the credit evaluation, it is carried out by an Expert System developed in CLIPS and used through a web service. Finally, for this work the guidelines of the RUP methodology have been followed, diagrams have been drawn using the UML modeling language, and the guides and good practices provided by the PMI have been considered. Hoping that this solution will help the company under study and serve as a starting point for future research. / Tesis

El objetivo de esta investigación científica fue contrastar investigaciones que sostienen que consumo y economía colaborativa son lo mismo con aquéllas que sostienen que el consumo colaborativo es causa de la economía colaborativa. Se hizo una revisión de la literatura existente sobre ambos modelos de negocio aplicando un enfoque de revisión minucioso. Se compararon las distintas posturas en cuanto a la terminología, alcances y exclusiones. Se analizaron distintos grupos de interés de diversos sectores para determinar los factores que impulsan, inhiben y sustentan el éxito de su participación en la economía colaborativa y en el consumo colaborativo. Los resultados mostraron que se hace un mayor hincapié en los factores motivadores ya que impulsan el desarrollo y apogeo en estrecha relación y concordancia con la sostenibilidad y el aspecto social. Se determinó que ambos modelos cumplen un rol indispensable al generar valor a la sociedad mediante el ahorro de recursos y la extensión de la vida útil de los mismos. Se mostró el aspecto social y su relación con ambos modelos, determinando que el ser humano es social por naturaleza y que, al sentirse motivado, está dispuesto a recomendar el uso de un bien o servicio. Todos estos temas se plantean considerando que ambos modelos económicos se iniciaron en el siglo XX con la aparición de internet y las redes sociales y que, al ser nuevos, se plantean a su vez nuevas líneas de exploración con el propósito de comprender mejor otros nuevos modelos económicos que están surgiendo en el mundo. / The objective of this scientific investigation was to contrast investigations that argue that collaborative consumption and shared economy are the same with those that maintain that collaborative consumption is the cause of the shared economy. A review of the existing literature on both business models was done using a thorough review approach. Different positions were compared regarding terminology, scope and exclusions. Different interest groups from various sectors were analyzed to determine the factors that drive, inhibit and sustain the success of their participation in the sharing economy and collaborative consumption. The results showed that a greater emphasis is placed on motivating factors since they drive development and growth in close relationship and in accordance with sustainability and the social aspect. It was determined that both models play a mandatory role in generating value to society, by saving resources and extending their useful life. The social aspect and its relationship with both models were shown, determining that the human being is social by nature and that, feeling motivated, is willing to recommend the use of a good or service. All these issues are raised considering that both economic models began in the twentieth century with the emergence of the internet and social networks and that, being new, new lines of exploration are in turn proposed in order to better understand other new economic models that are emerging in the world. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Nous basant sur plusieurs études de cas effectuées au sein de communautés R&D virtuelles d'Alstom Power Hydro, nous démontrons d'une part, qu'un forum peut soutenir différents types d'intéractions allant de la transmission d'informations à la co-construction de connaissances et co-production de solution. Opérationnalisant et améliorant des grilles scientifiques visant à caractériser des communautés de pratiques virtuelles, nous démontrons aussi, qu'il existe un lien entre la configuration d'une communauté et le type de ses intéractions en ligne. Nous démontrons qu’il existe une configuration optimale, de communautés de pratiques virtuelles appliquées à la R&D, qui garantit des intéractions de type co-construction de connaissance et co-production de solution entre ses membres. A l'heure où Microsoft équipe chaque jour 20000 nouveaux utilisateurs de l'application Share point, cette thèse prend tout sens. En opérationnalisant une méthode d'évaluation des communautés de pratiques virtuelles, et en apportant des conseils pour déployer un forum appliqué à la R&D, nous accompagnons tout projet de création de communauté R&D virtuelle et/ou d'instrumentation de ses intéractions par un forum. / In this dissertation, we explore the potential of a forum to support collaboration and knowledge sharing among Virtual Communities of practice. We thus propose a coding scheme based on the Rainbow model and test it in order to analyze the content of two forums of R&D VcoP. We demonstrate that a forum supports asynchronous argumentative activities and thus enhances global collaboration and knowledge sharing among R&D VcoP members. We then propose an enriched model based on the work of Line Dube and tested it to characterize the R&D VcoP studied. We prove that the community configuration has a direct impact on the online dynamic of the community. We point out the main factors that play a key role in fostering online collaboration and knowledge sharing between R&D Virtual community members.

This thesis describes the creation of a collaborative digital platform for disaster management and relief, focusing on the case study of the city of Petrópolis natural disaster in February 2022. The frequency and intensity of natural disasters are rising, necessitating efficient and timely disaster response efforts. This thesis details the development of a software application that fosters collaboration among governmental agencies, emergency services, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and civil society to enhance logistical planning and situational awareness during disasters. The proposed platform harnesses the power of social networking and leverages the ubiquitous presence of smartphones equipped with cameras, GPS, and sensors to gather crucial real-time data. Through a secure and user-friendly interface, verified stakeholders can access essential information while the public contributes valuable data through their smartphones. The platform ensures reliable data collection and dissemination by analyzing metadata, assessing human needs, empowering decision-makers with up-to-date information, and providing verified information channels and real-time data analysis. The platform seeks to minimize overlapping efforts, reduce mismanagement of resources, and ultimately save lives and livelihoods in disaster-stricken areas.