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1	What Can the Collective Action Problem Tell Us about the Recurrence of Civil War and the Long-term Stability of a Country? Kohler, Matthew 12 1900 (has links) This study attempts to explain why some countries experience multiple civil wars while others who have experienced a civil war build long-term stability from the rubble of conflict. The explanation of why civil war recurs focuses on the collective action problem, centering on the rebel leaders' ability to solve the Rebel's Dilemma. I further argue that once the Rebel's Dilemma has been solved once it is much easier for rebel leaders to solve it again and again. The empirical finds suggest that the political situation resulting from the first war plays a strong role in the solutions to the collective action problem and thus the long-term stability following a civil war. Namely, the level of democracy, partition and third party enforcement of the peace all affect the ability of the rebel leaders to solve the collective action problem and the likelihood of another civil war. Civil war. Peace. collective action problem recurrence civil war
2	Med gud på vår sida : En jämförande fallstudie av paramilitära grupper i Nordirlandskonflikten Lilja, Adam January 2023 (has links) The connection between religion and conflict is widely known, but the literature lacks in the understanding on how religion can be used in conflicts. This study aims to investigate how religion was used by paramilitary organizations in the North Ireland conflict. With the theory on how religion can overcome collective action problems, four central themes regarding how religion can benefit social movements was used to examine these organizations. The organization was analysed using journalistic sources mainly based on interviews with terrorists from these organizations. Using these four themes the similarities and differences between these organizations could be analysed and how religion was used could be better understood. The main result was that none of the studied organizations used religion to a big extent, but that the protestant side had a bigger use of it than the catholic one. With this in concern, the study was critically analysed, and further research was purposed. North Ireland Conflict Religion and conflict Paramilitary organizations IRA UDA Collective action problem Political Science Statsvetenskap
3	Protests in China: Why and Which Chinese People Go to the Street? Chen, Yen-Hsin 05 1900 (has links) This research seeks to answer why and which Chinese people go to the street to protest. I argue that different sectors of Chinese society differ from each other regarding their tendencies to participate in protest. In addition to their grievances, the incentives to participate in protest and their capacities to overcome the collective action problem all needed to be taken into account. Using individual level data along with ordinary binary logistic regression and multilevel logistic regression models, I first compare the protest participation of workers and peasants and find that workers are more likely than peasants to participate in protests in the context of contemporary China. I further disaggregate the working class into four subtypes according to the ownership of the enterprises they work for. I find that workers of township and village enterprises are more likely than workers of state-owned enterprises to engage in protest activities, while there is no significant difference between the workers of domestic privately owned enterprises and the workers of foreign-owned enterprises regarding their protest participation. Finally, I find that migrant workers, which refers to peasants who move to urban areas in search of jobs, are less likely than urban registered workers to participate in protests. Collective Action Problem protests migrant workers Protest movements Political participation Dissenters
4	Corruption and Public Expenditure : Does corruption divert public spending from social to military sector? Tomy Kallany, Munnu January 2022 (has links) Corruption, militarism, and conflict are bedfellows, and their coexistence feeds a vicious circle of violence and instability. Every dollar spent on the military is a dollar not spent on welfare-generating services such as education and healthcare. Yet, military spending makes up a bulk of government spending in several countries, and it is often shrouded from public purview. Rent-seeking behavior fostered within corrupt practices incentivize public officials to accept bribes from military suppliers, while the secrecy surrounding defense procurements allows them to act with perceived impunity. In this paper, I conduct a quantitative study using panel data from 175 countries from 2000 to 2020 to argue that corruption causes a distortion in public expenditure distribution by diverting valuable resources from social spending to military spending. Highly corrupt countries tend to spend a higher percentage of their GDP on the military, freeing up less of the finite resources for investment in education and healthcare. I find that corruption drives up military spending causing a crowding out of social spending. Corruption Military Spending Social Spending Healthcare Spending Education Spending Public Expenditure Rent-seeking Collective Action Problem Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap Economics Nationalekonomi Political Science Statsvetenskap
5	Kan jag lita på dig? : En fallstudie om hur socialt och institutionellt förtroende har förändrats sedan 2012 i Ryssland / Can I trust you? : a case study of how social and institutional trust has changed since 2012 in Russia. Kaganovitch, Natalja January 2022 (has links) Trust in other people and society is fundamental for it to work well. There is also a knowledge gap in research on how and why trust changes over time. To find strategies and reverse negative trust trends and bring about change and increase the willingness to cooperate, knowledge of the phenomenon's change over time is needed. In the last decade, Russia has taken a turn and is becoming more undemocratic. Since President Vladimir Putin's return to power, the country has experienced a democratic decline. Several critical events have taken place and laws have been enforced that restrict human rights and freedoms. The purpose of the study is therefore to examine how social and institutional trust has changed from 2012 until 2020. The empirical material in the essay consists of factors such as: perception of corruption, social trust, institutional trust, economic inequality, and civic participation in in non-profit organizations in the society. The results showed that social trust has decreased while institutional has increased slightly. However, confidence levels are generally low in the Russian society and also in comparison with other democratic countries such as Sweden and the Netherlands. Russia social confidence institutional confidence trust economic inequality institutional quality society corruption collective action problem. Ryssland socialt förtroende institutionellt förtroende tillit ekonomisk ojämlikhet institutionell kvalité samhälle korruption kollektivt handlingsproblem. Political Science Statsvetenskap

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