Trade unions organizations in employment relations The thesis deals with trade union organization as the most important representative of employees in collective employment relations. The purpose of this thesis is to describe a task of trade union organization as a legal subject from the view of legal theory, as well as from the view of contemporary legal regulation which has recently been substantially changed due to the recodification of private law. These contemporary amendments change a status of trade union organization as a legal person. These amendments have been followed by many interpretative difficulties. The thesis further describes activities and rights of trade unions as a subject with regard to first, the last amendments in legislation and second, the current jurisprudence. The thesis is divided into five chapters: The first chapter is focused on a position of trade unions in collective labour law, their specificities according to legal theory, historical background of trade association, international and domestic legislation of the right to trade association, position of trade union organization as a legal subject and other aspects such as hierarchy among trade union organizations. The second chapter deals with traditional rights and obligations of trade unions in collective labour...

Collective bargaining is one of the methods of reciprocal communication between employers and relevant trade union, which solve wage or salary and other rights in labour-law relations. Collective agreement is the purpose of collective bargaining. Its content and observance is significant part of relationship between employers and employees. Process of collective bargaining, closing collective contracts, solving collective disputes, process during strikes and lock-outs is described in the Act No. 2/1991 Coll. The aim of my master thesis is to analyze legal regulations of social dialogue, content of collective agreements and show some real examples. I also describe all feasible solutions of collective disputes, which are results of disagreements between contracting parties by closing or default of collective agreement.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of trade unions and collective bargaining in the Czech Republic. It discusses the history of trade unions and their regulation. It then examines in more detail the scope and powers of labor unions, collective bargaining, collective agreements and collective disputes. The practical part of this thesis analyses a practical example, a real dispute dealing with calculated establishment of trade unions and based on surveys it draws the advantages and disadvantages of this institute. It includes general public's point of view on the issue of trade unions and their competencies. In the conclusion the author expresses her opinion on the current state of trade unions in the Czech Republic and outlines their future development.

Le dialogue social a pour but de promouvoir la paix sociale indispensable à tout développement économique. S’il est un passage obligé en matière de prévention et de résolution des conflits sociaux, il est de façon générale aujourd’hui un mode de régulation incontournable dans toutes les sociétés. Au Mali, le dialogue social a connu sous la Troisième République, à partir de la révolution de mars 1991 et avec l’avènement de la démocratie et de l’Etat de droit, un essor remarquable ; celui-ci est allé de pair avec l’éclosion du pluralisme syndical. Quelque peu paradoxalement, aujourd’hui, le développement du dialogue social se heurte précisément à la question de la représentativité. Le fonctionnement de certaines institutions du pays s’en trouve paralyser, tout comme celui de diverses commissions de négociation, ceci dans le secteur privé comme dans le secteur public. Dans un tel contexte, les plus hauts responsables de l’Etat ont eux-mêmes des difficultés pour réunir les acteurs sociaux autour d’une même table. Il apparaît ainsi urgent de déterminer la représentativité essentiellement des organisations syndicales de travailleurs, via l’organisation d’élections professionnelles et le recours à des critères consensuels préalablement définis.Au-delà de la question de la représentativité, il est nécessaire de s’interroger sur les réalités et les enjeux contemporains du dialogue social au Mali. Ceci passe tout d’abord par la réalisation d’un bilan de son encadrement juridique, qu’il s’agisse de droits à l’information, à la consultation ou à la négociation collective au niveau national, sectoriel ou de l’entreprise, ou bien encore des dispositions relatives à la gestion des conflits sociaux. Par ailleurs, il convient d’envisager les conditions d’amélioration du dialogue social au Mali. Ceci conduit d’un part à proposer certaines modifications normatives, d’autre part à réfléchir à sa dynamisation via, notamment, la formation de ses acteurs, l’intervention de tiers facilitateurs, mais aussi l’extension de son périmètre à des questions relatives aux droits sociaux fondamentaux, voire à dimension sociétale. / Social dialogue is intended to promote social peace, a precondition to economic development. It is a prerequisite for prevention and resolution of social conflicts, it is generally today a mode of regulation in all societies. In Mali, social dialogue developed extraordinarily under the third Republic, from the revolution of March 1991 and with the advent of democracy and the rule of law. This went hand in hand with the emergence of pluralism in trade unions. Somewhat paradoxically, today, the development of social dialogue is facing precisely the issue of representativeness. The functioning of some institutions of the country is paralyzed, as well as the functioning of various trading commissions, in both private and public sector. In such a context, the highest state officials themselves are struggling to bring together social actors around the table. Thus, it is urgent to determine essentially representativeness of trade union organizations of workers, through the organization of professional elections and the use of consensual criteria previously defined.Beyond the issue of representativeness, it is necessary to question the realities and contemporary issues of social dialogue in Mali. First of all, this involves taking stock of its legal framework, be its rights to information, consultation or collective bargaining at national, sectoral level of the company, or of the provisions relating to the management of social conflicts. Furthermore, consideration should be given to the conditions leading to improved social dialogue in Mali. On the one hand, this entails proposing normative changes, on the other hand, reflecting on its revitalization through, in particular, its actors, the intervention of third-party facilitator training, but also the extension of its scope to questions relating to fundamental social rights, or even to societal dimension.

Si les mutations technologiques questionnent l’exercice classique des droits d’action collective, elles renforcent également leur nécessaire existence. La transformation de l’environnement de travail, par l’introduction de nouvelles technologies dans les entreprises et par l’utilisation de ces dernières comme outils de travail ou de communication, invite à repenser l’exercice de ces droits. D’une part, les technologies peuvent servir d’instruments à l’action collective. Elles sont alors susceptibles de prolonger le pouvoir d’agir de ceux qui les utilisent en leur offrant la possibilité d’agir différemment, de communiquer ou de faire pression sur l’entreprise autrement. D’autre part, l’introduction dans l’entreprise des technologies, la mise en place de nouveaux modes d’organisation du travail au moyen des technologies et l’utilisation de ces dernières, emportent un certain nombre de risques pour la communauté de travail. La mise en œuvre des droits d’action collective vise alors à prévenir ces risques et, le cas échéant, à réagir lorsque le risque se réalise. La création de nouvelles communautés de travail, qui n’auraient pu exister sans les technologies, nécessite encore que soient exercés des droits d’action collective pour défendre les intérêts de leurs membres. Il n’en reste pas moins que le régime juridique applicable à l’action collective ne permet pas forcément de répondre à tous ces enjeux. Explorant la manière dont s’appliquent les droits d’action collective dans un environnement exposé aux mutations technologiques, cette étude propose également des pistes d’évolution du droit applicable à l’action collective que les mutations technologiques mettent à l’épreuve. / If technological mutations challenge the classic exercise of collective action rights, they also reinforce their necessary existence. The transformation of the working environment, by the introduction of new technologies in companies and the use of them as working or communication tools, leads to rethink the exercise of these rights. On one hand, technologies can be used as instruments for collective action. Then, they are likely to extend the power of those who use them by offering them the opportunity to act differently, to communicate or to put pressure on the company differently. On the other hand, the introduction of technologies into the company, the implementation of new ways of organizing the work through technologies and the use of them, introduce risks for the working community. Therefore, the implementation of the rights of collective action aims to prevent these risks and, if necessary, to react when the risk is realized. The creation of new working communities, which could not have existed without the technologies, still requires that rights of collective action be provided to defend the interests of their members. Nonetheless, the legal regime for collective action does not necessarily meet all of these issues. While exploring the way in which collective action rights apply in an environment exposed to technological mutations, this thesis also proposes avenues of evolution of the law applicable to collective action that technological mutations put to the test.