Fondée sur l'ethnographie d'associations parisiennes gays noires et sur des entretiens semi-biographiques auprès de personnes se définissant comme gay noir, cette thèse a pour objet l'articulation du racisme et de l'homophobie en contexte français contemporain. La construction sociale de ces oppressions comme séparées et hiérarchisées alimente un processus global de racisation de l'homophobie qui pose les minorités raciales comme supposément plus homophobes. Les personnes interrogées – tant individuellement que collectivement – ont tendance à être plus préoccupées par l'homophobie que par le racisme et à comprendre leur marginalisation comme l'effet d'une « homophobie noire » exacerbée, faits qui participent à alimenter la racisation de l'homophobie. Pour expliquer la subordination individuelle et collective du racisme a l'homophobie, l'analyse porte dans un premier temps sur la façon dont racisme et homophobie s'articulent et se coconstruisent comme instances de marginalisation dans la vie quotidienne des gays noirs. Elle interroge l'effet de la marginalisation sexuelle sur la marginalisation raciale et inversement en espace majoritaire et au sein des groupes statutaires d'appartenance des gays noirs. Elle porte ensuite sur la construction de soi en tant que gay noir et sur l'émergence et la structuration de mobilisations associatives gays noires. D'un point de vue théorique, cette thèse se situe au sein du paradigme intersectionnel et propose des éléments méthodologiques, analytiques et théoriques visant à rendre opératoire l'intersectionnalité dans une démarche de recherche empiriquement fondée. Elle propose, en outre, des éléments portant sur la distinction analytique entre race et ethnicité et avance des propositions conceptuelles pour appréhender la race en tant que rapport social. / Based on an ethnography of Parisian black gay organizations and semi-biographic interviews of self-identified black gay individuals, this Ph.D dissertation focuses on the articulation of racism and homophobia in contemporary France. Racism and homophobia are socially constructed as separate and hierarchized, supporting the “racialization of homophobia” (a process that labels racial minorities as particularly homophobic). Interviewees tend to be more preoccupied by homophobia than racism, both individually and collectively, and tend to understand their marginalization as the result of an exacerbated “black homophobia”. These facts fuel the aforementioned racialization of homophobia. To explain this deprioritization of racism vis-à-vis homophobia, this analysis focuses on the articulation and the co-construction of racism and homophobia as marginalization factors in black gay individuals’ daily lives. The effects of sexual marginalization on racial marginalization and vice versa are studied in various contexts (within homosexual spaces, black spaces and majority society). Then, the analysis concentrates on the process of self-construction as a black gay individual and on the emergence and structuring of black gay organizations. On a theoretical level, this intersectional research suggests methodological, analytical and theoretical elements to implement intersectionality in empirically grounded studies. Additionally, it proposes elements to analytically distinguish race and ethnicity and to conceptualize race as a structural power relationship.

Esta dissertação trata do processo de remoção das famílias atingidas pela duplicação da Avenida Tronco em Porto Alegre-RS. Através da participação no Comitê Popular da Copa, em Porto Alegre, de entrevistas aos moradores atingidos e do acompanhamento dos atendimentos no Escritório Nova Tronco, onde se negociava o reassentamento, busquei responder à pergunta: como funciona a remoção? Demonstro, em minha análise, que a remoção é instaurada através de tecnologias em um arranjo que agencia diferentes elementos: legislações, programas habitacionais, fórmulas e cálculos; categorias de interpelação como irregular/invasor/precário; saberes e expertises; desejos, forças e valores. Deste funcionamento, fazem parte dos efeitos importantes da remoção: a suspensão do cotidiano e a precarização do entorno. Ao enfatizar a heterogeneidade dos elementos mobilizados e a atividade de constante (re)combinação entre eles, proponho interpretar que a remoção tem uma característica de composição ou assemblage. As tecnologias vão passando por modificações conforme vão sendo aplicadas, passando por reflexões levadas adiante pela expertise envolvida na remoção e sendo modificadas pela intervenção dos atores envolvidos com ela – como o Comitê Popular da Copa, através de mobilizações coletivas, e os próprios moradores atingidos, sujeitos-objeto da remoção. Concluo que tais correlações de forças provocam modificações nas tecnologias e nos seus objetivos, conformando e determinando os rumos da remoção. / This dissertation addresses to the removal process of families caused by the duplication of the Tronco Avenue in Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Through the participation at the Comitê Popular da Copa (World Cup's Popular Committee), in Porto Alegre, interviewed dwellers and the attendance at the Escritório Nova Tronco (New Tronco Office), where the relocation was negotiated, I sought to answer to the question: "How does the removal work?". I demonstrate in my analysis, that removal is established through technologies in an arrangement touting different elements: legislation, housing programs, formulas and calculations; interpellation categories as irregular/invader/precarious; knowledge and expertise; wishes, forces and values. From this operation, important parts of the removal process are: the suspension of the quotidian and the precarization of the surroundings. By emphasizing the heterogeneity of mobilized elements and the activity of constant (re)combination between them, I propose to interpret that the removal has a characteristic of composition or assemblage. The technologies are modified while they are applied, through reflections taken forward by the expertise involved in the removal and being modified by the intervention of the actors involved with it - as the Comitê Popular da Copa, through collective mobilizations, and the affected residents themselves, the subject-object of the removal. I conclude that such correlation of forces cause changes in the technologies and their goals, shaping and determining the course of the removal.

Esta dissertação trata do processo de remoção das famílias atingidas pela duplicação da Avenida Tronco em Porto Alegre-RS. Através da participação no Comitê Popular da Copa, em Porto Alegre, de entrevistas aos moradores atingidos e do acompanhamento dos atendimentos no Escritório Nova Tronco, onde se negociava o reassentamento, busquei responder à pergunta: como funciona a remoção? Demonstro, em minha análise, que a remoção é instaurada através de tecnologias em um arranjo que agencia diferentes elementos: legislações, programas habitacionais, fórmulas e cálculos; categorias de interpelação como irregular/invasor/precário; saberes e expertises; desejos, forças e valores. Deste funcionamento, fazem parte dos efeitos importantes da remoção: a suspensão do cotidiano e a precarização do entorno. Ao enfatizar a heterogeneidade dos elementos mobilizados e a atividade de constante (re)combinação entre eles, proponho interpretar que a remoção tem uma característica de composição ou assemblage. As tecnologias vão passando por modificações conforme vão sendo aplicadas, passando por reflexões levadas adiante pela expertise envolvida na remoção e sendo modificadas pela intervenção dos atores envolvidos com ela – como o Comitê Popular da Copa, através de mobilizações coletivas, e os próprios moradores atingidos, sujeitos-objeto da remoção. Concluo que tais correlações de forças provocam modificações nas tecnologias e nos seus objetivos, conformando e determinando os rumos da remoção. / This dissertation addresses to the removal process of families caused by the duplication of the Tronco Avenue in Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Through the participation at the Comitê Popular da Copa (World Cup's Popular Committee), in Porto Alegre, interviewed dwellers and the attendance at the Escritório Nova Tronco (New Tronco Office), where the relocation was negotiated, I sought to answer to the question: "How does the removal work?". I demonstrate in my analysis, that removal is established through technologies in an arrangement touting different elements: legislation, housing programs, formulas and calculations; interpellation categories as irregular/invader/precarious; knowledge and expertise; wishes, forces and values. From this operation, important parts of the removal process are: the suspension of the quotidian and the precarization of the surroundings. By emphasizing the heterogeneity of mobilized elements and the activity of constant (re)combination between them, I propose to interpret that the removal has a characteristic of composition or assemblage. The technologies are modified while they are applied, through reflections taken forward by the expertise involved in the removal and being modified by the intervention of the actors involved with it - as the Comitê Popular da Copa, through collective mobilizations, and the affected residents themselves, the subject-object of the removal. I conclude that such correlation of forces cause changes in the technologies and their goals, shaping and determining the course of the removal.

Esta dissertação trata do processo de remoção das famílias atingidas pela duplicação da Avenida Tronco em Porto Alegre-RS. Através da participação no Comitê Popular da Copa, em Porto Alegre, de entrevistas aos moradores atingidos e do acompanhamento dos atendimentos no Escritório Nova Tronco, onde se negociava o reassentamento, busquei responder à pergunta: como funciona a remoção? Demonstro, em minha análise, que a remoção é instaurada através de tecnologias em um arranjo que agencia diferentes elementos: legislações, programas habitacionais, fórmulas e cálculos; categorias de interpelação como irregular/invasor/precário; saberes e expertises; desejos, forças e valores. Deste funcionamento, fazem parte dos efeitos importantes da remoção: a suspensão do cotidiano e a precarização do entorno. Ao enfatizar a heterogeneidade dos elementos mobilizados e a atividade de constante (re)combinação entre eles, proponho interpretar que a remoção tem uma característica de composição ou assemblage. As tecnologias vão passando por modificações conforme vão sendo aplicadas, passando por reflexões levadas adiante pela expertise envolvida na remoção e sendo modificadas pela intervenção dos atores envolvidos com ela – como o Comitê Popular da Copa, através de mobilizações coletivas, e os próprios moradores atingidos, sujeitos-objeto da remoção. Concluo que tais correlações de forças provocam modificações nas tecnologias e nos seus objetivos, conformando e determinando os rumos da remoção. / This dissertation addresses to the removal process of families caused by the duplication of the Tronco Avenue in Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. Through the participation at the Comitê Popular da Copa (World Cup's Popular Committee), in Porto Alegre, interviewed dwellers and the attendance at the Escritório Nova Tronco (New Tronco Office), where the relocation was negotiated, I sought to answer to the question: "How does the removal work?". I demonstrate in my analysis, that removal is established through technologies in an arrangement touting different elements: legislation, housing programs, formulas and calculations; interpellation categories as irregular/invader/precarious; knowledge and expertise; wishes, forces and values. From this operation, important parts of the removal process are: the suspension of the quotidian and the precarization of the surroundings. By emphasizing the heterogeneity of mobilized elements and the activity of constant (re)combination between them, I propose to interpret that the removal has a characteristic of composition or assemblage. The technologies are modified while they are applied, through reflections taken forward by the expertise involved in the removal and being modified by the intervention of the actors involved with it - as the Comitê Popular da Copa, through collective mobilizations, and the affected residents themselves, the subject-object of the removal. I conclude that such correlation of forces cause changes in the technologies and their goals, shaping and determining the course of the removal.

Les ouvriers de l'industrie, largement étudiés par la sociologie puis peu à peu délaissés au profit d'autres catégories du salariat, méritent pourtant qu'on porte à nouveau le regard sur eux. D'une part parce que les transformations du monde industriel et les récurrentes fermetures d'usine impactent les manières d'être au travail. D'autre part, parce qu'ils ont longtemps été observés dans des bastions industriels. Or la communauté d'agglomération poitevine présente la spécificité d'être largement sous-industrialisée. La singularité des ouvriers poitevins mérite d'être interrogée, sous l'angle de l'appréciation du travail et sur le plan de l'action collective. La recherche a porté sur quatre usines localement implantées : Michelin, Sagem, Saft, Schneider Electric. L'usine étant à la fois lieu de travail et de socialisation, elle modèle et façonne les manières d'être et de faire de ses ouvriers de sorte qu'être ouvrier chez Michelin, ce n'est pas tout à fait la même chose que d'être ouvrier chez Schneider, à la Saft ou à la Sagem. A cette première ligne de partage s'en ajoutent d'autres : affaiblissement des collectifs à l'aune des transformations de l'organisation du travail, clivages générationnels, appréhensions différenciées du travail et de l'emploi. L'érosion des collectifs a pour conséquence de rendre improbables les mobilisations. Pourtant, elles émergent çà et là, prenant des formes différentes selon les contextes. Tout porte ainsi à croire que le contexte grandissant de précarisation peut contre toute attente faire renaître les mobilisations salariales à l'aune de configurations spécifiques. L'ouvrier poitevin est-il un ouvrier contestataire ou un salarié ordinaire ? / The industrial workers - widely studied by sociology then gradually abandoned in favor of other categories of wage labor - deserve that we look at them again. On the one hand because the transformations of the industrial world and recurrent factory closings have an impact on the ways of being at work. On the other hand, because they have long been observed in industrial bastions. But the Poitiers conurbation has the specificity to be largely under- industrialized. The singularity of Poitiers workers deserves to be raised in terms of the appreciation of the work and in terms of collective action. The research focused on four factories locally based : Michelin, Sagem, Saft, Schneider Electric. The factory is a workplace which plays a part in socialization, she build ways of being and doing of his workers so being a worker at Michelin is not quite the same as to be a worker at Schneider, the Saft or Sagem. here are other dividing lines : weakening collective in terms of changes in the organization of work, generational cleavages, differentiated labor and employment concerns. The erosion of collective has the effect of making mobilizations improbable. Yet they emerge here and there, taking different forms in different contexts. And it really seems that the growing context of insecurity can against all expectations revive mobilizations in specific configurations. Is the worker of Poitiers a protest worker or an ordinary employee ?