This study explores people of color-owned (POC) restaurants under the governance of Washington, DC (DC) who provide community programming. Since 2009 ‘sustainable’ legislative changes have affecting DC’s food industry, causing a change in operational costs and allowable materials to serve food. DC government’s acknowledgment of racial has informed its urban plan: racial equity is embedded throughout the approach to further develop the city. With documented barriers to success experienced by racial minority business owners and the potential for upcoming legislation to place additional constraints on restaurants, it warrants investigation to see what POC owners are doing in community programming and their experiences concerning recent urban policy which has affected DC’s food industry. A pragmatist approach complemented with Nadler & Tushman’s theory of organizational behavior and McMichael’s theory of contested development informed a content analysis and a case study design; the latter which employed observations and semi-structured interviews to gain insight on participants’ experiences. 19 POC-owned restaurants fit the study’s criteria: 12 displayed community programming within the scope of DC’s sustainability plan; 17 displayed community programming outside of the scope. The case study demonstrates the significance of businesses ownership of POC in DC, reflected contested development theory, and offered insights on how DC’s urban plan is understood by the staff of one restaurant. This work may inform practice to analyze the effects of environmental-focused policy on POC and equity goals, particularly within DC. Recommendations for future research, theory, and practice within equitable urban planning are included. / M.S. / This study explores the presence and experiences of people of color-owned (POC) restaurants under the governance of Washington, DC (DC) who provide community programming. A series of ‘sustainable’ legislative changes affecting DC’s food industry have occurred since the year 2009, resulting in changes in operations and what materials are allowed to serve food to customers. These changes include a fee on the use of disposal bags, a ban on the use of expanded polystyrene, commonly known as Styrofoam™, and in 2018, a ban on plastic straws. DC’s urban plan Sustainable DC 2.0 acknowledges disparities along lines of race in the city and aims to embed racial equity in its approach to further develop the city. With documented barriers to success experienced by racial minorities in the United States; DC’s uneven prosperity growth of white people compared to people of color, gentrifying conditions, and high property taxes; and DC Council’s introduction of a new policy which would further affect what is allowable to restaurants for serving, but also how and what food is to be prepared for organics collections; it warrants investigation to see what people of color are currently doing in the area of community programming and what their experiences are concerning recent urban policy which has affected DC’s food industry. A pragmatist approach complemented with a theoretical framework of Nadler & Tushman’s organizational behavior model and McMichael’s theory of contested development and sustainable transformation informed this work. The content analysis investigated the community programming of POC-owned restaurants and a case study employed observations and semi-structured interviews to gain insight on participant experiences. 19 restaurants were found in the content analysis: 12 restaurants displayed community programming within the scope of DC’s sustainability plan; 17 displayed community programming outside of the scope. The case study demonstrates the significance of businesses ownership of POC in DC, reflected McMichael’s contested development theory, and provided insights on how DC’s urban plan presents opportunities, successes, and challenges to one restaurant. Both the content analysis and case study showed a significant emphasis on engaging and supporting people of color, particularly the black community. This work may inform practice to analyze effects of environmental-focused policy on POC who own restaurants, and considerations of approach to working equitably in the area of urban planning, particularly within DC. Recommendations for future research, theory, and practice within equitable urban planning are included. This thesis provides insights to individuals engaging in equitable urban development in practice and research. It also will be useful to those engaged in qualitative research methodologies, as it describes how the focus and timeline of this study pivoted due to the occurrence of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.

What falls into the realm of light and what it means to design and the human experience? Can light be material? How does light change space into place? / Master of Architecture

This study was planned to allow nursery school children to select and paint at easels with any of three colors, red, blue and yellow. The specific purpose of the investigation was to discover color preference based on: 1. The predominant color of the finished painting. 2. The order of colors selected in the painting process. 3. The number of times a color is selected during the rendering of each painting 4. Interactions between a. Order of choice of color and age b. Order of choice of color and sex c. Order of choice of color, sex, and age. The studies of various investigators agree only in part and disagree entirely at some points. Jastrow found that boys preferred blue and girls preferred red, whereas Grath states almost the reverse, that boys preferred red more than girls, and that girls preferred orange more than boys. Fiege reports that boys preferred black and brown more than girls. / M.S.

M.S.

The Sunset is a natural phenomenon that occurs every single day. Arguably, the sunset is one of the most romanticized natural event in all forms of art. In this wider context, the hypothesis posits architecture as an instrument to amplify specific visible aspects of the setting sun. The guidance for development relies on deconstructing and intensifying a specific spatial condition that interacts with effect the rays of the evening sun. Set in focus are three particular elements of the sunset, color, light, view and the subsequent darkness. In this architectural array, the chosen aspects of sunset are awarded a specific presence in their dedicated spaces. The spaces presenting those specific aspects of the sunset are organized as a sequence in the architectural construct of a long tunnel-like pathway. A culminating moment of totality emerges after the encounter of the specific aspects. / Master of Architecture / The Sunset is a natural phenomenon that occurs every single day. Arguably, the sunset is one of the most romanticized natural event in all forms of art. In this wider context, the hypothesis posits architecture as an instrument to amplify specific visible aspects of the setting sun. The guidance for development relies on deconstructing and intensifying a specific spatial condition that interacts with effect the rays of the evening sun. Set in focus are three particular elements of the sunset, color, light, view and the subsequent darkness. In this architecturalarray, the chosen aspects of sunset are awarded a specific presence in their dedicated spaces. The spaces presenting those specific aspects of the sunset are organized as a sequence in the architectural construct of a long tunnel-like pathway. A culminating moment of totality emerges after the encounter of the specific aspects.

The work presented in this thesis documentation seeks to find harmony in color and form through painting, sculpture, and architecture. Proportion, composition, and rhythm are the means to such an endeavor. This harmony at which the work aims is that which resonates deep within the human spirit. This search is fundamentally related to ideas about visual perception and the body's reaction to it. / Master of Architecture

This thesis shows how the first plan of the Air War Plans Division (AWPD-l) became the most important document in the development of American strategic bombing doctrine in World War II. This plan was not only the first in the Air War Plans Division. but it was the first of its kind in the world. Beyond the history and importance of the plan itself, this study testifies to the success of a handful of dedicated airmen who believed in the power of a strong air force. General Henry H. Arnold deserves tribute for having had the wisdom and foresight to pick a former Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) instructor to head the AWPD. Finally, the unofficial acceptance of AWPD-l was a triumph for the ACTS itself. Significantly, all four officers ultimately responsible for completing A WPD-l had been instructors at the ACTS. / Master of Science

This dissertation reports the development of a technique for automated face recognition, using color images. One of the more powerful techniques for recognition of faces in monochromatic images has been extended to color by the use of hypercomplex numbers called quaternions. Two software implementations have been written of the new method and the analogous method for use on monochromatic images. Test results show that the new method is superior in accuracy to the analogous monochrome method. Although color images are generally collected, the great majority of published research efforts and of commercially available systems use only the intensity features. This surprising fact provided motivation to the three thesis statements proposed in this dissertation. The first is that the use of color information can increase face recognition accuracy. Face images contain many features, some of which are only easily distinguishable using color while others would seem more robust to illumination variation when color is considered. The second thesis statement is that the currently popular technique of graph-based face analysis and matching of features extracted from application of a family of Gabor filters can be extended to use with color. A particular method of defining a filter appropriate for color images is used; the usual complex Gabor filter is adapted to the domain of quaternions.. Four alternative approaches to the extension of complex Gabor filters to quaternions are defined and discussed; the most promising is selected and used as the basis for subsequent implementation and experimentation. The third thesis statement is that statistical analysis can identify portions of the face image that are highly relevant — i.e., locations that are especially well suited for use in face recognition systems. Conventionally, the Gabor-based graph method extracts features at locations that are equally spaced, or perhaps selected manually on a non-uniform graph. We have defined a relevance image, in which the intensity values are computed from the intensity variance across a number of images from different individuals and the mutual information between the pixel distributions of sets of images from different individuals and the same individual. A complete software implementation of the new face recognition method has been developed. Feature vectors called jets are extracted by application of the novel quaternion Gabor filter, and matched against models of other faces. In order to test the validity of the thesis statements, a parallel software implementation of the conventional monochromatic Gabor graph method has been developed and side-by-side testing has been conducted. Testing results show accuracy increases of 3% to 17% in the new color-based method over the conventional monochromatic method. These testing results demonstrate that color information can indeed provide a significant increase in accuracy, that the extension of Gabor filters to color through the use of quaternions does give a viable feature set, and that the face landmarks chosen via statistical methods do have high relevance for face discrimination. / Ph. D.

Stroboskoptiska sirener använder en kombination av ljus och ljudsignalerför att förmedla information till användaren om en viss situation eller före-liggande fara. Produkten kan kommunicera information med hjälp av ljusmed ett antal olika färger, skapat av LED-dioder. Genom ökande av an-talet färger kan även mängden information som produkten kan förmedlaöka. Med LED-dioder av färgerna RGB (Röd-Grön-Blå) möjliggörs ska-pandet av alla nyanser inom det synliga spektrumet. Metoden kallas föradditiv färgblandning och används vanligen inom belysningsindustrin. Medmetoden kommer utmaningar. Dioderna måste placeras med ett exceptio-nellt kort avstånd jämte varandra för att blanda ljusstrålarna och skapaen homogen ljusbild. Det korta avståndet är kostsamt att uppnå, vilketresulterar i att yttre områden i ljusbilden har individuellt synliga färger.Dessa genomträngande färger, färgskuggor, ger upphov till ett inhomogentljus. Speciellt är detta synligt när alla tre färger lyser för att skapa vitt ljus.Det finns olika metoder för att underlätta den additiva färgblandningenfrån LED-dioder för att öka homogeniteten i ljuset. Exempel på meto-der för att uppnå homogenitet är med optiska geometriska linser, materialmed Scattered photon extraction technique (SPE) och reflektorer. Studienomfattar framtagning, testning och utvärdering av koncept från dessa tremetodkategorier. Lösningarna är testade och utvärderade utifrån påverkanpå synlig ljusbild, påverkan på ljusintensitet mätt med luxmätning och på-verkan på färgbilden med navigering i CIE-diagram. Studien visade att enavsevärd minskning av färgskuggor uppnåddes med två lager av SPE ma-terial. Liknande resultat uppnåddes med reflektorer, däremot minskade dåden upplysta arean. Två lager SPE material påverkade ljusintensiteten ne-gativt emedan reflektorer ökade ljusintensiteten. Geometriska linser gav ettmindre fördelaktigt resultat. De uppvisande tydlig dispersion av färgernaoch uppkomst av rutmönster i ljusbilderna

Doctor of Philosophy / Food Science Institute / Melvin C. Hunt / Three experiments were conducted to evaluate factors affecting ground beef color stability with the objectives: 1) To characterize color characteristics of different ground muscles from similarly fed and managed cows and steers; 2) To evaluate the contributions different muscles make to overall ground beef color stability; and 3) To determine if cow biological type (beef-type vs. dairy-type) affects ground beef color dynamics. In general, ground muscles from fed cows appeared darker and redder than ground muscles from steers. Chronological age did not affect ground beef color stability of muscles from fed cows. Use of steroid implants or [Beta]-agonists did not affect ground muscle color stability of fed steers or fed cows. Overall color stability varied more in muscle from steers than from fed cows. Fed cow muscles tended to have a greater proportion of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids to poly-unsaturated fatty acids than fed steer muscles. Ground muscles from fed cows had better color stability properties than ground muscles from steer. When muscles of various color stability were blended to make ground beef and packaged in high-oxygen modified atmosphere (HiO[subscript]2 MAP), high color stability muscles (≥ 75%) in formulations maximizes display color life; however, inclusion of low color stability muscles (≥ 25%) in ground beef formulations had deleterious effects on ground beef color life. Ground semimembranosus (SM) from dairy cows exhibited darker initial color than ground SM from beef cows when packaged in HiO[subscript]2 MAP. However, ground SM from dairy cows was more color stable than ground SM from beef cows when packaged in HiO[subscript]2 MAP. Cow trim used as a fat source in ground beef formulations improved color stability compared to young beef trim when packaged in HiO[subscript]2 MAP. Isolating and managing muscle sources enable meat processors to better manage ground beef based upon intrinsic factors affecting ground beef color stability.