Les réponses adaptatives fonctionnelles (secondaires à des modulations de la signalisation cellulaire) peuvent contribuer à la résistance des tumeurs humaines aux traitements ciblés. Ce travail vise à caractériser les changements induits par la chimiothérapie dans le phosphokinome de cellules de cancer du côlon, et à sélectionner des combinaisons de médicaments synergiques en ciblant les kinases dont l’activation est la plus importante. Nous avons créé des scripts informatiques pour l’analyse sur le logiciel de calcul R de données provenant de tests cytotoxiques avec des matrices de combinaison de doses à deux ou trois médicaments. Nous avons profilé les changements induits par différents médicaments sur des cellules de la lignée HT29 xénogreffées dans des souris immunodéprimées. Nous avons testé le 5FU, l’oxaliplatine, l’irinotecan, le cetuximab ainsi que les combinaisons de ces médicaments. Nous avons sélectionné les kinases activées par le traitement par irinotecan, notamment AKT et MEK1, et nous avons testés in vitro et in vivo des combinaisons à deux médicaments d’inhibiteurs de ces deux kinases et l’irinotecan sur 6 lignées de cancer du côlon. Enfin nous avons testés in vitro la combinaison des trois médicaments. Nous avons observé que la combinaison d’un inhibiteurs d’AKT et de MEK ainsi que la combinaison des trois médicaments étaient caractérisées par un synergisme significatif Cette étude a démontré que la chimiothérapie induit une reprogrammation des voies de signalisation intracellulaires, et fournit le rationnel pour une évaluation du profilage de la reprogrammation du phosphokinome comme outil pour développer de nouvelles combinaisons de médicaments. / Functional (i.e. due to cellular machinery modulations) adaptive responses could also contribute to human tumor resistance to targeted drugs. We hypothesized that the activation of tumor cell kinases in response to chemotherapy treatment could render the cell depending on them, and that the inhibition of these activated kinases could achieve a synergistic effect with chemotherapy agents. We compiled R scripts for analysis of data from cytotoxic tests with dose matrix combinations of 2 or 3 drugs. We evaluated phosphokinome rewiring induced by 5FU, irinotecan, oxaliplatin and cetuximab when these drugs were used alone or in combination on mice xenografted with HT29 cell line. We observed an activation of AKT and MEK1 after irinotecan treatment, and we tested two- and three drug combinations of BKM120, an AKT inhibitor, MEK162, a MEK inhibitor, and irinotecan. We showed that BKM120 and MEK162 are synergistic, as well as the combination of the three drugs. Our study shows that chemotherapy induces a significant rewiring of intracellular signaling pathways, and that profiling phosphokinome remodeling after chemotherapy treatment is useful in order to design synergistic drug combinations.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22039号 / 医博第4524号 / 新制||医||1038(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 濵﨑 洋子, 教授 武藤 学, 教授 妹尾 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22120号 / 医博第4533号 / 新制||医||1039(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 竹内 理, 教授 濵﨑 洋子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22307号 / 医博第4548号 / 新制||医||1040(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 松田 道行, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22343号 / 医博第4584号 / 新制||医||1042(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 佐藤 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22374号 / 医博第4615号 / 新制||医||1043(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 松田 道行, 教授 小西 靖彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22740号 / 医博第4658号 / 新制||医||1046(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 髙折 晃史, 教授 伊藤 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23422号 / 医博第4767号 / 新制||医||1053(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 濵﨑 洋子, 教授 上野 英樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>    </p> <p>In the United States, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in men and women. Recent epidemiological evidence has shown that there’s been a steady increase in young onset CRC, underlying a continued need to understand mechanisms that may be contributing to its development. One risk factor that continues to persist and rise is obesity. Obesity is a multifaceted disease characterized by various metabolic and physiologic changes that influence tumorigenesis. Another component that is altered in obesity and has been shown to contribute to CRC is the gut microbiota. Obesity associated gut microbiota is different relative to a lean counterpart and has been linked poor colonic health, which can increase risk for CRC. Researchers have shown that intestinal tumorigenesis is worse in diet induced obesity but given other related conditions like chronic inflammation, the role of the gut microbiota in obesity associated CRC risk has not been adequately isolated. To address this gap and to further explore the role of diet in this relationship given its importance in driving obesity and impacting gut microbiota composition, we performed two studies. First, we assessed the role of obesity and/or two different obesogenic diets on gut microbiota composition and intestinal permeability. We hypothesized that diet and obesity would affect gut microbial community composition and that obese mice would have higher intestinal permeability relative to lean mice regardless of diet. Our results indicated that both diet and obesity were significant predictors and had varying effects on species richness and community structure of the gut microbiota and significantly enriched multiple bacterial taxa. Second, to isolate the role of obesity- and/or diet- influenced gut microbiota on CRC development, fecal microbial transplantation was performed by transferring the intestinal content from mice in the first study into recipient mice before chemical induction of CRC. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota from obese mice on obesogenic diets would promote CRC independent from the development of obesity. Our results indicated that gut microbiota shaped by the obesogenic diets was associated with worse colonic tumor measurements, while the differences in gut microbiota due to obesity or leanness did not affect CRC outcomes. Overall, we have demonstrated that diet and obesity have significant effects on gut microbial communities, but only dietary-induced gut microbial changes promote CRC. These results highlight the importance of understanding dietary effects on gut microbiota in CRC development which improves our ability to determine better strategies of prevention and treatment. </p>