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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Bruno Raphael Cardoso Dias.pdf: 2590139 bytes, checksum: cd42989e41c3aa52c2f6debcdfbd565d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The channel allocation problem is addressed, where, as a wireless mobile network with transmission antennas distributed in the region of interest and one or more given track limited frequency discretized broadcast channels, is to promote allocation of such channels by the antennas in such a way to meet the demand for calls optimizing the use of resources, which in this case prioritized to optimize the use of channels allocated in an optimization problem Min-Max distribution channel - the Span -, where the highest allocated channel must be as small as possible. This problem has a increasingly important given the large demand growth and limiting technological resources of communication involved. The approach to the problem is Optimization Combinatorics and related fields. Therefore, a literature study is presented on the topic, focusing on mobile phones and networks based on cognitive radio networks. The From this, it is proposed new theoretical model for the problem representation using special stains on graphs, task scheduling on parallel machines resource constraints and geometry distances with constraint programming, and possible to identify specific characteristics of some application scenarios of the problem general. Based on these models, the developed algorithms are presented and implemented, and approximate methods based on local search with emphasis on meta-heuristic simulated annealing, and exact methods, involving branch-and-cut with IBM / ILOG CPLEX tool and, finally, hybrid methods, prune-branch-and-bound. The computational experiments are presented with a comparative analysis of performance, either using classical literature instances, as set Philadelphia and its variants as well as artificial instances proposals to cover variants discussed, as well as larger involving network 70 to to 150 stations. The results validate the proposed theoretical models and algorithms developed and implemented, since, equal or better results to the literature were obtained with several great solutions proven, beyond theoretical discussion and variants proposals believed to strengthen the understanding of the problem and the related literature / O problema de alocação de canais é abordado, onde, dado uma rede móvel sem fio com antenas de transmissão distribuídas na região de interesse e dada uma ou mais faixa de frequência limitada discretizada em canais de transmissão, consiste em promover uma alocação de tais canais pelas antenas de tal modo a atender as chamadas em demanda otimizando o uso dos recursos, que neste caso priorizou-se a otimização do uso dos canais alocados, em um problema de otimização Min-Max da distribuição dos canais - o span -, onde o maior canal alocado deve ser o menor possível. Tal problema possui uma importância cada vez maior dado o grande crescimento da demanda e a limitação dos recursos tecnológicos de comunicação envolvidos. A abordagem ao problema é de Otimização Combinatória e áreas afins. Sendo assim, é apresentado um estudo da literatura sobre o tema, com enfoque em redes celulares e redes baseadas em rádios cognitivos. A partir disto, propõe-se novos modelos teóricos para representação do problema utilizando colorações especiais em grafos, escalonamento de tarefas em máquinas paralelas com restrições de recursos e geometria de distâncias com programação por restrições, sendo possível identificar características específicas de alguns cenários de aplicação do problema geral. Com base em tais modelos, são apresentados os algoritmos desenvolvidos e implementados, sendo métodos aproximados, baseados em busca local com ênfase na meta-heurística simulated annealing, e métodos exatos, envolvendo branch-and-cut com a ferramenta IBM/ILOG CPLEX e, por fim, métodos híbridos, branch-prune-and-bound. Os experimentos computacionais realizados são apresentados com uma análise comparativa de desempenho, usando tanto instâncias clássicas da literatura, como o conjunto Philadelphia e suas variantes, como também instâncias artificiais propostas para contemplar variantes abordadas, bem como de maior tamanho, envolvendo redes entre 70 a 150 estações. Os resultados obtidos validam os modelos teóricos propostos e os algoritmos desenvolvidos e implementados, uma vez que, resultados iguais ou melhores aos da literatura foram obtidos, com várias soluções ótimas comprovadas,além da discussão teórica e variantes propostas que se acredita robustecer o entendimento do problema e a literatura relacionada.

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The classical graph edge coloring problem deals in coloring the edges of a given graph with minimum number of colors such that no two adjacent edges in the graph, get the same color in the proposed coloring. In the following work, we look at the other end of the spectrum where in our goal is to maximize the number of colors used for coloring the edges of the graph under some vertex specific constraints. We deal with the MAXIMUM EDGE COLORING problem which is defined as the following –For an integer q ≥2 and a graph G, the goal is to find a coloring of the edges of G with the maximum number of colors such that every vertex of the graph sees at most q colors. The question is very well motivated by the problem of channel assignment in wireless networks. This problem is NP-hard for q ≥ 2, and has been well-studied from the point of view of approximation. This problem has not been studied in the parameterized context before. Hence as a next step, this thesis investigates the parameterized complexity of this problem where the standard parameter is the solution size. The main focus of the work is the special case of q=2 ,i.e. MAXIMUM EDGE 2-COLORING which is theoretically intricate and practically relevant in the wireless networks setting. We first show an exponential kernel for the MAXIMUM EDGE q-COLORING problem where q is a fixed constant and q ≥ 2.We do a more specific analysis for the kernel of the MAXIMUM EDGE 2-COLORING problem. The kernel obtained here is still exponential in size but is better than the kernel obtained for MAXIMUM EDGE q-COLORING problem in case of q=2. We then show a fixed parameter tractable algorithm for the MAXIMUM EDGE 2-COLORING problem with a running time of O*∗(kO(k)).We also show a fixed parameter tractable algorithm for the MAXIMUM EDGE q-COLORING problem with a running time of O∗(kO(qk) qO(k)). The fixed parameter tractability of the dual parametrization of the MAXIMUM EDGE 2-COLORING problem is established by arguing a linear vertex kernel for the problem. We also show that the MAXIMUM EDGE 2-COLORING problem remains hard on graphs where the maximum degree is a constant and also on graphs without cycles of length four. In both these cases, we obtain quadratic kernels. A closely related variant of the problem is the question of MAX EDGE{1,2-}COLORING. For this problem, the vertices in the input graph may have different qε,{1.2} values and the goal is to use at least k colors for the edge coloring of the graph such that every vertex sees at most q colors, where q is either one or two. We show that the MAX EDGE{1,2}-COLORING problem is W[1]-hard on graphs that have no cycles of length four.

This thesis touches three different topics in graph theory, namely, rainbow colouring, product dimension and boxicity. Rainbow colouring An edge colouring of a graph is called a rainbow colouring, if every pair of vertices is connected by atleast one path in which no two edges are coloured the same. The rainbow connection number of a graph is the minimum number of colours required to rainbow colour it. In this thesis we give upper bounds on rainbow connection number based on graph invariants like minimum degree, vertex connectivity, and radius. We also give some computational complexity results for special graph classes. Product dimension The product dimension or Prague dimension of a graph G is the smallest natural number k such that G is an induced subgraph of a direct product of k complete graphs. In this thesis, we give upper bounds on the product dimension for forests, bounded tree width graphs and graphs of bounded degeneracy. Boxicity and cubicity The boxicity (cubicity of a graph G is the smallest natural number k such that G can be represented as an intersection graph of axis-parallel rectangular boxes(axis-parallel unit cubes) in Rk .In this thesis, we study the boxicity and the cubicity of Cartesian, strong and direct products of graphs and give estimates on the boxicity and the cubicity of a product graph based on invariants of the component graphs. Separation dimension The separation dimension of a hypergraph H is the smallest natural number k for which the vertices of H can be embedded in Rk such that any two disjoint edges of H can be separated by a hyper plane normal to one of the axes. While studying the boxicity of line graphs, we noticed that a box representation of the line graph of a hypergraph has a nice geometric interpretation. Hence we introduced this new parameter and did an extensive study of the same.

The minimum number of colors required to color the edges of a graph so that any two distinct vertices are connected by at least one path in which no two edges are colored the same is called its rainbow connection number. This graph parameter was introduced by Chartrand et al. in 2008. The problem has garnered considerable interest and several variants of the initial version have since been introduced. The rainbow connection number of a connected graph G is denoted by rc(G). It can be shown that the rainbow connection number of a tree on n vertices is n -1. Hence |G|-1 is an upper bound for rc(G)of any non-trivial graph G. For all non-trivial, bridge-less and connected graphs G, Basavaraju etal. Showed that rc(G) can be upper-bounded by a quadratic function of its radius. In addition they also proved the tightness of the bound. It is clear that we cannot hope to get an upper-bound better than |G| - 1 in the case of graphs with bridges. An immediate and natural question is the following: Are there classes of bridge-less graphs whose rainbow connection numbers are linear functions of their radii? This question is of particular interest since the diameter is a trivial lower bound for rc(G). We answer in affirmative to the above question. In particular we studied three (graph) product operations (Cartesian, Lexicographic and Strong) and the graph powering operation. We were able to show that the rainbow connection number of the graph resulting from any of the above graph operations is upper-bounded by 2r(G)+c, where r(G) is radius of the resultant graph and c ε {0, 1, 2}.