Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4051.pdf: 3034000 bytes, checksum: 6f4649d36355639c68e2f748d60b0a83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The growth of passengers air transport as well as the competitiveness of the aviation industry have made the comfort a noticeable item to be taken into account, which is characterized as a key variable for the cabin project and also for the differentiation in the market, once it is related to the passengers satisfaction and acceptance when it comes to this transportation modality. In this context, the in-flight entertainment has been considered one of the most relevant requisite in order to improve the comfort while in the cabin in a way that it enhances values of the airline companies, contributing for a more pleasant and also a rather positive air travel experience. Thereby the aim of this study is to understand the aspects of either comfort or discomfort in airplane cabins, exchanging views on the importance of entertainment activities on board as well as their influence on comfort and discomfort in the cabin. Firstly, based on the literature review it made possible to clearly understand the concepts of comfort and discomfort including the current possibilities of in-flight entertainment. Considering comfort as an outstanding and suitable point to be applied in the cabin, this study is grounded in the approach of the analysis of the activity. As such, the data collection was implemented in two contexts: survey of Brazilian commercial aviation (airports and domestic flights) and interviews with companies connected with the entertainment industry and air transport sector. The procedures adopted have permitted to identify the active travellers preferences and expectations when it comes to in-flight entertainment, what is more, the constraints during the activities occurred in the cabin and tendency of the industry in question. Some recommendations for the project were made, highlighting, mainly, the importance of the amenities in the aircraft cabin for the travelers to use their own devices during the flight. / O crescimento do transporte aéreo de passageiros, bem como da competitividade no setor, tem atraído a atenção da indústria para a questão do conforto, o qual se caracteriza como uma variável chave para projeto de cabines e para a diferenciação no mercado, uma vez que se relaciona a satisfação e aceitabilidade dos passageiros quanto esta modalidade de transporte. Neste contexto, o entretenimento a bordo tem sido visto pela indústria como um dos elementos mais importantes para melhoria do conforto na cabine, de modo que este é percebido enquanto uma solução que agrega valor à companhia aérea, garante vantagens na competitividade do mercado e amplia as possibilidades de ação durante a viagem tornando a experiência de voo mais positiva e agradável. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender os aspectos de conforto e desconforto em cabines de aeronaves, discutindo a importância das atividades de entretenimento a bordo e a influência destas nas questões de conforto e desconforto na cabine. Primeiramente foi realizada a revisão da literatura para entendimento dos conceitos de conforto e desconforto, bem como das possibilidades atuais de entretenimento a bordo. Tendo em vista a relevância da possibilidade de agir para o conforto na cabine, este estudo fundamenta-se na abordagem da análise da atividade. Assim sendo, a coleta de dados foi aplicada em dois contextos: survey na aviação comercial brasileira (aeroportos e voos domésticos) e entrevistas com empresas ligadas à indústria de entretenimento e ao setor aéreo. Os procedimentos adotados permitiram a identificação da importância e das expectativas dos passageiros participantes quanto ao entretenimento a bordo, bem como dos constrangimentos durante a realização de atividades na cabine e as tendências de tal indústria. Foram elaboradas algumas recomendações para projeto, destacando, principalmente, a relevância das facilidades na cabine para que os passageiros possam utilizar seus próprios dispositivos eletrônicos durante o voo.

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La perception sensorielle est propre à chaque individu. Elle découle du patrimoine génétique (qui définit les récepteurs sensoriels), mais varie en fonction de la maturation et de l’expérience d’un individu. En ce sens, l’étude du bébé nous a permis de tester à la fois 1) l’effet de la maturation, en comparant la perception des bébés avec celle des adultes et 2) l’effet de l’expérience sensorielle précoce, en comparant la perception sensorielle de bébés nés à terme ou prématurés pour un même âge donné. Nos résultats ont souligné une perception sensorielle plus étendue chez le bébé que chez l’adulte, via la perception de stimulations tactiles très fines ou encore la perception d’ultrasons, qui ne sont plus perçus à l’âge adulte. Les mécanismes de maturation des organes sensoriels et de « recentrage sensoriel » envers les stimulations pertinentes, pouvant intervenir au cours du temps, ont été présentés. Nous avons également montré une réactivité particulièrement marquée des bébés prématurés, en comparaison avec les bébés nés à terme. Différents mécanismes sous-jacents potentiels tels qu’une adaptation de la sélectivité neuronale aux stimulations environnementales, une plasticité cérébrale conservée/retardée, ou encore le développement d’une hypersensibilité ont été discutés. En sus du cœur de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’ « Umwelt » social du bébé, en étudiant 1) ses capacités de perception et de discrimination des odeurs corporelles humaines et 2) sa capacité à s’exprimer sur sa perception sensorielle. Nous avons montré que le bébé est un être très réceptif à son monde social, capable de discriminer entre les odeurs de ses partenaires sociaux. De plus, le bébé est également très expressif sur sa perception sensorielle, notamment via l’utilisation d’un répertoire vocal complexe (au-delà des pleurs), dont certains types de vocalisations pourraient refléter son état de confort ou d’inconfort. Les résultats de cette thèse ouvrent de nombreuses pistes de réflexion en termes d’adaptations des pratiques néonatales. / Sensory perception is specific to each individual. It results from the gene pool (which defines the sensory receptors), but varies depending on maturation and experience. In this sense, the study of babies has enabled us to test both 1) the effect of maturation by comparing the babies’ sensory perception to those of adults and 2) the effect of early stage sensory perception by comparing the sensory perception of preterm and full-term infants at a same post-conception age (i.e. term-aged infants). Our results underlined a larger sensory perception in babies than in adults, through the perception of very subtle tactile stimulations, or else the perception of ultrasounds, that cannot be perceived by grown-ups. The mechanisms of the maturation of sensory organs and of ‘’sensory recentering‘’ towards relevant simulations that can happen in the course of time have been presented. We have also shown a particularly strong reactivity of preterm babies in comparison to full-term babies. Various potential subjacent mechanisms such as a neuronal selectivity adaptation to environmental stimulations, a maintained/ delayed cerebral plasticity or else the development of a hypersensitivity have been discussed. In addition to the core of this thesis, we have taken an interest in the baby’s social “Umwelt” and have studied 1) his abilities in perception and discrimination between human body odours and 2) his ability to express his sensory perception. We have shown that babies are very responsive to their social world, capable of discrimination between different social partners’ odours. Furthermore, babies also are highly expressive when it comes to their sensory perception, especially through the use of a complex vocal repertoire (beyond cries/tears). Indeed, some types of these vocalisations could reflect his state of comfort or discomfort. The results of this thesis open numerous grounds for thought in terms of neonatal care adaptations.