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O Mercado Comum do Sul é uma união de cinco países em desenvolvimento da América do Sul, no qual o Brasil integra, constituindo um dos mais importantes mercados econômicos mundiais. A participação brasileira no bloco iniciou-se desde a sua formação em 1991 e atualmente caracteriza-se por quantitativos intercâmbios comerciais com os demais Estados Partes. O Objetivo deste trabalho é contextualizar o panorama da participação brasileira nas relações comerciais de produtos agrícolas no Mercado Comum do Sul. Para tal, utilizaram-se dados da CEPALSTAT, a fim de averiguar o fluxo comercial brasileiro intrabloco, conhecer e quantificar os principais produtos do setor agrícola importados e exportados, verificar o crescimento do comércio intra-indústria do bloco e analisar quais as relações institucionais eram desenvolvidas a fim de promover o setor agrícola no MERCOSUL. Como resultados observa-se que as relações comercias intrabloco são crescentes, ultrapassando 40 milhões de dólares em intercâmbio comercial no ano de 2012, tendo o Brasil como principal parceira a Argentina. Os principais produtos comercializados intrabloco, ou seja, que compõem os maiores valores de intercâmbio comercial possui um maior grau de tecnologia, se caracterizando como um comércio intrasetorial. Isto corresponde aos mesmos produtos de trocas comerciais, ou seja, são os mesmos produtos importados e exportados por todos os países, sendo nítido principalmente quando se analisa Brasil e Argentina. Já os principais produtos do setor agrícola comercializados nos dois anos avaliados foram o café, o trigo, a maçã, a soja, as carnes, o couro, o algodão, o milho, o arroz, os fertilizantes, o leite e derivados. Apesar da grande maioria desses produtos constituírem uma vantagem competitiva intrabloco com até mesmo um potencial de comércio, não se vislumbra um potencial de crescimento para o intercâmbio comercial de produtos agrícolas no MERCOSUL. Ademais, as relações institucionais promovidas por meio de acordos entre os Estados Partes, parecem beneficiar os setores da economia, relacionados com este comércio intrasetorial, tendo como exemplo o setor automobilístico. / The Mercado Comum do Sul is a union of five developing countries of South America, which includes Brazil, constituting one of the most important global economic markets. The Brazilian participation in the block started since its formation in 1991 and currently characterized by quantitative trade with other States Parties. The objective of this study is to contextualize the panorama of Brazilian participation in trade of agricultural products in the Southern Common Market. For this, we used data from CEPALSTAT, to ascertain the Brazilian trade flow intrabloc know and quantify the main products imported and exported agricultural sector, check the growth of intra - bloc trade industry and analyze which institutional relationships were developed to promote the agricultural sector in MERCOSUR. As a result it is observed that the intra-bloc trade relations are increasing, surpassing 40 million in trade in 2012, with Brazil as its main partner Argentina. The main products sold bloc, making up the highest values of trade has a greater degree of technology, being characterized as a intrasectoral trade. This corresponds to the same products of trade, they are imported and exported products by all countries, being especially clear when looking at Brazil and Argentina. Already the main products of the agricultural sector traded in both years were evaluated coffee, wheat, apple, soybean, meat, leather, cotton, maize, rice, fertilizers, milk and derivatives. Although the vast majority of these products constitute a bloc competitive edge with even a potential trade, cannot glimpse a potential for growth in trade of agricultural products in MERCOSUR. Moreover, the institutional relations fostered through agreements among States Parties, seem to benefit sectors of the economy related to this intrasectoral trade, taking as an example the automotive industry.

O Mercado Comum do Sul é uma união de cinco países em desenvolvimento da América do Sul, no qual o Brasil integra, constituindo um dos mais importantes mercados econômicos mundiais. A participação brasileira no bloco iniciou-se desde a sua formação em 1991 e atualmente caracteriza-se por quantitativos intercâmbios comerciais com os demais Estados Partes. O Objetivo deste trabalho é contextualizar o panorama da participação brasileira nas relações comerciais de produtos agrícolas no Mercado Comum do Sul. Para tal, utilizaram-se dados da CEPALSTAT, a fim de averiguar o fluxo comercial brasileiro intrabloco, conhecer e quantificar os principais produtos do setor agrícola importados e exportados, verificar o crescimento do comércio intra-indústria do bloco e analisar quais as relações institucionais eram desenvolvidas a fim de promover o setor agrícola no MERCOSUL. Como resultados observa-se que as relações comercias intrabloco são crescentes, ultrapassando 40 milhões de dólares em intercâmbio comercial no ano de 2012, tendo o Brasil como principal parceira a Argentina. Os principais produtos comercializados intrabloco, ou seja, que compõem os maiores valores de intercâmbio comercial possui um maior grau de tecnologia, se caracterizando como um comércio intrasetorial. Isto corresponde aos mesmos produtos de trocas comerciais, ou seja, são os mesmos produtos importados e exportados por todos os países, sendo nítido principalmente quando se analisa Brasil e Argentina. Já os principais produtos do setor agrícola comercializados nos dois anos avaliados foram o café, o trigo, a maçã, a soja, as carnes, o couro, o algodão, o milho, o arroz, os fertilizantes, o leite e derivados. Apesar da grande maioria desses produtos constituírem uma vantagem competitiva intrabloco com até mesmo um potencial de comércio, não se vislumbra um potencial de crescimento para o intercâmbio comercial de produtos agrícolas no MERCOSUL. Ademais, as relações institucionais promovidas por meio de acordos entre os Estados Partes, parecem beneficiar os setores da economia, relacionados com este comércio intrasetorial, tendo como exemplo o setor automobilístico. / The Mercado Comum do Sul is a union of five developing countries of South America, which includes Brazil, constituting one of the most important global economic markets. The Brazilian participation in the block started since its formation in 1991 and currently characterized by quantitative trade with other States Parties. The objective of this study is to contextualize the panorama of Brazilian participation in trade of agricultural products in the Southern Common Market. For this, we used data from CEPALSTAT, to ascertain the Brazilian trade flow intrabloc know and quantify the main products imported and exported agricultural sector, check the growth of intra - bloc trade industry and analyze which institutional relationships were developed to promote the agricultural sector in MERCOSUR. As a result it is observed that the intra-bloc trade relations are increasing, surpassing 40 million in trade in 2012, with Brazil as its main partner Argentina. The main products sold bloc, making up the highest values of trade has a greater degree of technology, being characterized as a intrasectoral trade. This corresponds to the same products of trade, they are imported and exported products by all countries, being especially clear when looking at Brazil and Argentina. Already the main products of the agricultural sector traded in both years were evaluated coffee, wheat, apple, soybean, meat, leather, cotton, maize, rice, fertilizers, milk and derivatives. Although the vast majority of these products constitute a bloc competitive edge with even a potential trade, cannot glimpse a potential for growth in trade of agricultural products in MERCOSUR. Moreover, the institutional relations fostered through agreements among States Parties, seem to benefit sectors of the economy related to this intrasectoral trade, taking as an example the automotive industry.

O Mercado Comum do Sul é uma união de cinco países em desenvolvimento da América do Sul, no qual o Brasil integra, constituindo um dos mais importantes mercados econômicos mundiais. A participação brasileira no bloco iniciou-se desde a sua formação em 1991 e atualmente caracteriza-se por quantitativos intercâmbios comerciais com os demais Estados Partes. O Objetivo deste trabalho é contextualizar o panorama da participação brasileira nas relações comerciais de produtos agrícolas no Mercado Comum do Sul. Para tal, utilizaram-se dados da CEPALSTAT, a fim de averiguar o fluxo comercial brasileiro intrabloco, conhecer e quantificar os principais produtos do setor agrícola importados e exportados, verificar o crescimento do comércio intra-indústria do bloco e analisar quais as relações institucionais eram desenvolvidas a fim de promover o setor agrícola no MERCOSUL. Como resultados observa-se que as relações comercias intrabloco são crescentes, ultrapassando 40 milhões de dólares em intercâmbio comercial no ano de 2012, tendo o Brasil como principal parceira a Argentina. Os principais produtos comercializados intrabloco, ou seja, que compõem os maiores valores de intercâmbio comercial possui um maior grau de tecnologia, se caracterizando como um comércio intrasetorial. Isto corresponde aos mesmos produtos de trocas comerciais, ou seja, são os mesmos produtos importados e exportados por todos os países, sendo nítido principalmente quando se analisa Brasil e Argentina. Já os principais produtos do setor agrícola comercializados nos dois anos avaliados foram o café, o trigo, a maçã, a soja, as carnes, o couro, o algodão, o milho, o arroz, os fertilizantes, o leite e derivados. Apesar da grande maioria desses produtos constituírem uma vantagem competitiva intrabloco com até mesmo um potencial de comércio, não se vislumbra um potencial de crescimento para o intercâmbio comercial de produtos agrícolas no MERCOSUL. Ademais, as relações institucionais promovidas por meio de acordos entre os Estados Partes, parecem beneficiar os setores da economia, relacionados com este comércio intrasetorial, tendo como exemplo o setor automobilístico. / The Mercado Comum do Sul is a union of five developing countries of South America, which includes Brazil, constituting one of the most important global economic markets. The Brazilian participation in the block started since its formation in 1991 and currently characterized by quantitative trade with other States Parties. The objective of this study is to contextualize the panorama of Brazilian participation in trade of agricultural products in the Southern Common Market. For this, we used data from CEPALSTAT, to ascertain the Brazilian trade flow intrabloc know and quantify the main products imported and exported agricultural sector, check the growth of intra - bloc trade industry and analyze which institutional relationships were developed to promote the agricultural sector in MERCOSUR. As a result it is observed that the intra-bloc trade relations are increasing, surpassing 40 million in trade in 2012, with Brazil as its main partner Argentina. The main products sold bloc, making up the highest values of trade has a greater degree of technology, being characterized as a intrasectoral trade. This corresponds to the same products of trade, they are imported and exported products by all countries, being especially clear when looking at Brazil and Argentina. Already the main products of the agricultural sector traded in both years were evaluated coffee, wheat, apple, soybean, meat, leather, cotton, maize, rice, fertilizers, milk and derivatives. Although the vast majority of these products constitute a bloc competitive edge with even a potential trade, cannot glimpse a potential for growth in trade of agricultural products in MERCOSUR. Moreover, the institutional relations fostered through agreements among States Parties, seem to benefit sectors of the economy related to this intrasectoral trade, taking as an example the automotive industry.

This dissertation focuses on the principle of good faith and on the principle of good faith and fair dealing. The differences between the two mentioned principles and the problems with terminology are covered. The author suggests and reasons for her own terminological solution. Furthermore, the dissertation discusses on the general delimitation of the two principles, their content and relation to other related principles. Moreover, it focuses on the legal frame of good faith and good faith and fair dealing principles including historical and comparative aspects of the issue. The author of the dissertation describes the practical impact of the two principles in question and compares the recent and current legal regulation. She analyses the practical impact of the principles of good faith and good faith and fair dealing in commercial relations: not only in the business contractual law but also in the life of a business corporation. Furthermore, the relevant judicature is covered including the delimitation of its possible applicability on the current legal regulation.

This thesis analyzes the inherent significance of trade wars in a practical as well as in a theoretical sense. The preliminary intention of the present research is to provide three different understandings of the trade war concept. Firstly, a general understanding of trade wars is introduced, primarily focusing on the technical aspects of the issue and its political and economic dimensions. Secondly, trade wars are viewed in a specific case study context: the Japanese-American commercial relations and their bilateral trade disputes that escalated into trade wars are investigated, focusing on semiconductor and biotechnology industries. Thirdly, the trade wars concept is correlated to Raymond Vernon&amp / #8217 / s Product Cycle theory, introducing the theoretical understanding of trade wars. The combination of these research themes endeavors to establish whether trade wars are primarily fought between successful industrial states over leading strategic core industries, those that are knowledge-intensive, and produce high-value-added products.

The Specifics of Use of Trusts in Business Relations This thesis deals with possibilities brought by trusts (in Czech: svěřenský fond) to business relations. It analyses the key features of a trust, thanks to which it has a unique and often irreplaceable position in number of financial transactions. Selected financial transaction are described in detail and the importance of trusts in these transactions is explained. The main objective of this thesis is to show that trusts have benefits far beyond the governance of personal property and its intergenerational transfers. By this I want to prompt interest in further research of the use of trusts in business relations in the Czech legal environment. After the introduction, the first chapter of this thesis briefly introduces the history of the trust. It is outlined which role the trust played in different legal systems and what were the motives for its development. The second part describes trust as an institute of civil law. There is also described the implementation of the trust into the legal system of the Canadian province Québec, because this regulation served as a model for the Czech lawmakers. This chapter of the thesis also describes the subjects of the trust and the basic concepts related to this institute. The third part introduces the trust...

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as relações entre o governo brasileiro e a Guerra Civil Espanhola. A partir da sublevação militar de 17 de julho de 1936, o cenário interno do estado espanhol tornou-se o epicentro do embate entre as forças conservadoras e a diversidade de grupos políticos de esquerda. Desde os seus primeiros momentos, a guerra civil transbordou as fronteiras espanholas e europeias. Se por um lado houve o envolvimento direto e indireto de países europeus, por outro, também houve substancial importância nas Américas. Assim, esta tese pretende desenvolver uma abordagem dos papéis existentes entre os órgãos públicos e privados relacionados ao governo Vargas e os grupos envolvidos na Guerra Civil Espanhola, sobretudo aqueles pertencentes aos militares sob o controle de Francisco Franco. As ações de órgãos como o Ministério de Relações Exteriores e do Departamento Nacional do Café, tiveram papel preponderante em um apoio oficioso aos rebelados, enquanto que as representações diplomáticas da Segunda República foram paulatinamente relegadas a uma situação marginal. / The aim of this research is to analyze the relations between the Brazilian government and the Spanish Civil War. From the military uprising of 1936 July 17th, the domestic scenery of Spanish State became the epicenter of a struggle between conservative forces and the diversity of left political groups. Since its first moments, the civil war crossed the Spanish and European borders. If, on the one hand, there was a direct and indirect involvement of the European countries, on the other hand, there was also a substantial significance in the Americas. Thus, this thesis intends to develop an approach between the roles of public and private organizations of Vargas government and the related groups of the Spanish Civil War, mainly those ones under the General Francisco Francos control. The attitudes of public bodies as the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Coffee Department, it had a key role to an unofficial support to the insurgents, meanwhile, the diplomatic representations of Spanish Second Republic were gradually sent to a marginal condition.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as relações entre o governo brasileiro e a Guerra Civil Espanhola. A partir da sublevação militar de 17 de julho de 1936, o cenário interno do estado espanhol tornou-se o epicentro do embate entre as forças conservadoras e a diversidade de grupos políticos de esquerda. Desde os seus primeiros momentos, a guerra civil transbordou as fronteiras espanholas e europeias. Se por um lado houve o envolvimento direto e indireto de países europeus, por outro, também houve substancial importância nas Américas. Assim, esta tese pretende desenvolver uma abordagem dos papéis existentes entre os órgãos públicos e privados relacionados ao governo Vargas e os grupos envolvidos na Guerra Civil Espanhola, sobretudo aqueles pertencentes aos militares sob o controle de Francisco Franco. As ações de órgãos como o Ministério de Relações Exteriores e do Departamento Nacional do Café, tiveram papel preponderante em um apoio oficioso aos rebelados, enquanto que as representações diplomáticas da Segunda República foram paulatinamente relegadas a uma situação marginal. / The aim of this research is to analyze the relations between the Brazilian government and the Spanish Civil War. From the military uprising of 1936 July 17th, the domestic scenery of Spanish State became the epicenter of a struggle between conservative forces and the diversity of left political groups. Since its first moments, the civil war crossed the Spanish and European borders. If, on the one hand, there was a direct and indirect involvement of the European countries, on the other hand, there was also a substantial significance in the Americas. Thus, this thesis intends to develop an approach between the roles of public and private organizations of Vargas government and the related groups of the Spanish Civil War, mainly those ones under the General Francisco Francos control. The attitudes of public bodies as the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Coffee Department, it had a key role to an unofficial support to the insurgents, meanwhile, the diplomatic representations of Spanish Second Republic were gradually sent to a marginal condition.

The aim of the thesis is to define the cathegory of peremptory rules in private international law and to describe their specific use in the commercial domain compared to business to consumer contractual relations. The reason for my research was my concern for the conflict between the formal possibility to conclude a contract and the actual enforceability of the contractual claims before a court or before alternative dispute resolution bodies in the domain of private international law. A major part of the thesis uses an analytical approach and a grammatical, teleological and logical interpretation of the mentioned legal instruments. The final part is grounded on the legal comparation of several laws across different countries and thus demonstrating how different approaches to peremtory rules may influence the actual interpetation of various legal relations and the contractual liberty in general. The thesis is composed of four chapters and a conclusion. To begin with, the first chapter focuses on the peremptory rules in international commercial relations as a whole. It aims to define the core notion of the peremptory rules. It also reals with a personal and material scope of the thesis - the particularities of commercial relations. Furthermore, the second chapter examines the application of the...