Este trabalho de pesquisa pretende desenvolver uma análise de cinco documentários realizados pelo cineasta Renato Tapajós, entre 1977 e 1982, em parceria com o Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São Bernardo do Campo e Diadema: \"Acidente de Trabalho\" (1977), \"Trabalhadoras Metalúrgicas\" (1978), \"Greve de Março\" (1979), \"A luta do Povo\" (1980) e o longa-metragem \"Linha de Montagem\" (1981). O objetivo é refletir sobre essa experiência de produção de filmes militantes, destinada à educação sindical, durante a Ditadura Militar no Brasil. Para isso, procuraremos identificar como se configura o ponto de vista dos documentários. Partiremos da análise da relação entre as temáticas apresentadas e as diferentes locuções que os filmes articulam, para investigar como o aspecto político e ideológico da representação da afirmação da identidade sindical, de contestação social e de rearticulação do movimento sindical no ABC durante o regime militar é elaborado e organizado. Finalmente iremos relacionar algumas das referidas obras de Renato Tapajós com outros modos de representação do operariado paulista presentes na produção cinematográfica brasileira no fim da década de 70. / This research aims to develop an analysis of five documentaries made by filmmaker Renato Tapajós, between 1977 and 1982, in partnership with the Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São Bernardo do Campo e Diadema (Metalworkers Union): \"Acidente de Trabalho\" (Labour Accident) (1977), \"Trabalhadoras Metalúrgicas\" (Women Metalworkers) (1978), \"Greve de Março\" (Strike in March) (1979), \"A luta do Povo\" (The struggle of the People) (1980) and the feature film \"Linha de Montagem\" (Assembly line) (1981). For this, we will identify how the point of view configures itself on those documentaries. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the issues presented and the different voices that the films articulate, we intent to investigate how the political and ideological representation of the union identity statement, social contestation and the rearticulation of the union activity on ABC during the military regime was prepared and organized. Finally, we will relate some of these films of Renato Tapajós with other modes of representation from the metalworkers present in São Paulo Brazilian films in the late 70\'s.

Este trabalho de pesquisa pretende desenvolver uma análise de cinco documentários realizados pelo cineasta Renato Tapajós, entre 1977 e 1982, em parceria com o Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São Bernardo do Campo e Diadema: \"Acidente de Trabalho\" (1977), \"Trabalhadoras Metalúrgicas\" (1978), \"Greve de Março\" (1979), \"A luta do Povo\" (1980) e o longa-metragem \"Linha de Montagem\" (1981). O objetivo é refletir sobre essa experiência de produção de filmes militantes, destinada à educação sindical, durante a Ditadura Militar no Brasil. Para isso, procuraremos identificar como se configura o ponto de vista dos documentários. Partiremos da análise da relação entre as temáticas apresentadas e as diferentes locuções que os filmes articulam, para investigar como o aspecto político e ideológico da representação da afirmação da identidade sindical, de contestação social e de rearticulação do movimento sindical no ABC durante o regime militar é elaborado e organizado. Finalmente iremos relacionar algumas das referidas obras de Renato Tapajós com outros modos de representação do operariado paulista presentes na produção cinematográfica brasileira no fim da década de 70. / This research aims to develop an analysis of five documentaries made by filmmaker Renato Tapajós, between 1977 and 1982, in partnership with the Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São Bernardo do Campo e Diadema (Metalworkers Union): \"Acidente de Trabalho\" (Labour Accident) (1977), \"Trabalhadoras Metalúrgicas\" (Women Metalworkers) (1978), \"Greve de Março\" (Strike in March) (1979), \"A luta do Povo\" (The struggle of the People) (1980) and the feature film \"Linha de Montagem\" (Assembly line) (1981). For this, we will identify how the point of view configures itself on those documentaries. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the issues presented and the different voices that the films articulate, we intent to investigate how the political and ideological representation of the union identity statement, social contestation and the rearticulation of the union activity on ABC during the military regime was prepared and organized. Finally, we will relate some of these films of Renato Tapajós with other modes of representation from the metalworkers present in São Paulo Brazilian films in the late 70\'s.

Ce travail porte sur la construction idéologique de la culture populaire dans les comédies brésiliennes, musicales ou pas, et dans le cinéma novo de la période 1950-1975.Il analyse la façon dont ces comédies (la chanchada), influencées par l’idéal d’une nation hétéroclite mais unique instauré par Getúlio Vargas ont représenté la culture populaire comme une idéologie des classes subalternes. Utilisant le concept de carnavalisation, ces films populaires, influencés par la radio, le théâtre de revue et le cirque, mettaient le monde à l’envers en essayant de corriger les injustices sociales dont étaient victimes les pauvres. Souvent décriées et considérées comme légères et aliénées, elles étaient beaucoup plus critiques que l’on ne disait, ainsi que le démontre cette recherche.En partant du principe que le cinéma novo est le corollaire des débats sur la quête d’une identité pour le cinéma brésilien tenus au cours des années 1950, période très influencée par le Parti Communiste Brésilien, ce travail analyse les trois phases différentes du mouvement. Durant la première, la culture populaire fut construite comme l’opium du peuple et les cinéastes ayant utilisé leur propre monde comme modèle de représentation de la culture populaire. Les films, très autoréflexifs, cherchaient à éveiller la conscience critique des pauvres et à les aider à sortir de l’aliénation. La deuxième, survenue après le putsch militaire de 1964, plongea les cinéastes dans le passé afin de comprendre les erreurs de la gauche et les raisons de sa défaite. Ensuite, la recherche analyse la troisième phase du mouvement quand les cinéastes furent amenés, par un gouvernement libéral qui considérait le cinéma comme un produit marchand qui devait s! e réaliser sur le marché, à changer de voie et à réaliser des films tournés vers le grand public. A ce titre, les films de cette phase, aux formes plus simples, dialoguèrent avec les chanchadas afin de finalement atteindre le peuple, sans jamais renoncer au cinéma d’auteur / This research focuses on the ideological construction of popular culture in Brazil in comedy films, musical or not, and cinema novo over the 1950-1975 period. It analyzes how these comedies (called chanchadas), which were influenced by the ideal of a varied but unique nation established by Getúlio Vargas represented the popular culture as an ideology of the subordinate classes. Using the concept of carnivalization, these popular films, influenced by radio, revue theater and circus, put the world upside down trying to correct social injustices suffered by the poor. Often criticized and considered as superficial and alienated, they were much more crítical than they were said to be at the time. Assuming that cinema novo is the corollary of the discussion on the identity quest for the Brazilian cinema that took place during the 1950s, a period heavily influenced by the Brazilian Communist Party, the research analyzes the three phases of the mo! vement. During the first one, popular culture was built as the people's opium and filmmakers used their own world as a model of representation for popular culture. The films, which were very self-reflexive, sought to arouse the crítical consciousness of the poor and help them pull out of alienation. During the second phase, which occurred after the military coup of 1964, filmmakers were immersed in the past in order to understand the mistakes of the left and the reasons for its defeat. During the third phase of the movement, led by a liberal government that perceived cinema as a commodity that should be sold to the market, filmmakers changed their way forward and made films directed to the general public. As such, the films of this phase, characterized by simpler forms, engaged in dialogue with the chanchadas to finally reach the people, while never giving up auteur cinema