During the latter half of the 11th century through to the end of the 13th century, Europe was experiencing what is considered by some historians as “the” medieval renaissance, otherwise referred to as the European Renaissance of the Twelfth Century. The time appears to have been ripe for an explosion of cultural and intellectual advancement and change. Two fields that experienced significant development during that period were law and governance, both secular and ecclesiastical. In England, the period which most legal historians consider to be the key formative years of the common law was the reign of King Henry II. Indeed, Sir William Holdsworth credits Henry II for “substituting one common law for that confused mass of local customs of which the law of England had formerly consisted”. But as R.H. Helmholz said, “legal history, like any other, is a history of winners, and the history of the losing side is often overlooked. That we only hint of the history of the canon law by reference to the common law is a fact of life and not to be lamented”. However, he admonishes us not to ignore the intrinsic importance of the jurisdiction once exercised by the courts of the Church in the development of the law of England. I take up Helmholz’ challenge in this thesis and examine the relationship that developed between the English royal authorities and the Latin (Western) Christian Church from the beginning of the reign of Edward the Confessor to the end of the reign of King John. Through a review of cases reported by the Selden Society from the royal courts of Henry II, Richard I and John, I then focus my research on the 62 year period between the beginning of the reign of Henry II and the death of John, and consider the influence of the Church and State relationship on the structure and processes of the developing English royal law and its scope. / Graduate

No description available.

Table of cases: leaves [771]-783 / Bibliography: leaves [784]-795 / 2 v. (xix, 795 leaves) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Law School, 1988

Universiẗat, Diss.--Münster, 2007.

Univ., Diss.--Münster, 2002.

Le Canon de Scanderbeg n'est libellé ni proclamé par aucun organe législatif ou exécutif de l'État, il n'est décrété par aucun monarque et n'est imposé par aucun envahisseur : le droit coutumier est né de la nécessité de régler la vie des communautés rurales sur le plan judiciaire en l’absence de lois.Un rôle important y est accordé aux Anciens dans la gestion de la vie de la communauté rurale. Jusqu’à la création de l'État albanais, les us et les coutumes ont fonctionné comme des organes régissant les rapports entre personnes, entre membres d’une famille, d’une tribu, d’une région et entre les régions.Au fil du temps, ils sont devenus des normes, donnant naissance au droit coutumier albanais. L'évolution du droit coutumier non écrit s'est reflétée au cours des siècles dans les normes coutumières.Le Canon de Scanderbeg est conçu comme une unité organique comportant des éléments convergents et divergents avec les autres Canons. Cette diversité y a été représentée en une mosaïque de nuances définies en termes spécifiques.Le coutumier de Scanderbeg est riche en normes qui embrassent plusieurs aspects de la vie du peuple ; leur diversité témoigne de l'ancienneté de son usage.Bien qu’il offre l’aspect d’une unité organique indépendante, le Coutumier de Scanderbeg, au même titre que les autres coutumiers du peuple albanais, se rattache d'une part à une plus grande unité et d'autre part se subdivise à son tour en plusieurs subdivisions plus petites.Il confirme l’idée que les différents coutumiers du peuple albanais ont un grand nombre de points de contact entre eux ; cela justifie la thèse de l'existence d'un patrimoine commun comme une unité plus haute, que l'on peut appeler le droit coutumier du peuple albanais.Le Canon de Scanderbeg est donc considéré comme un corpus juris appliqué jusqu'à une période récente dans les régions placées sous la domination des Kastriotes, en particulier les régions de Mat, Krujë, Dibër, Kurbnesh, Bendë, Tamadhë et Martanesh.Le Canon de Scanderbeg comprend 225 pages ; il est reparti en 7 parties, 33 chapitres, 241 articles et 3534 paragraphes. Cette œuvre traite de l'organisation de la vie en famille, des droits et des devoirs de ses membres, des règles concernant le domicile et le patrimoine, du droit au patrimoine et à l'héritage, de la division de la famille, de la vente et l'achat d'une maison, des institutions de l'hospitalité et de la parole donnée, de l'organisation et de la cohabitation au niveau du voisinage et au niveau régional.Elle évoque aussi la hiérarchie et le fonctionnement de la vie au sein de la famille, de la tribu, du village, de la bannière, de la région, ainsi que des droits et des devoirs de l'individu et de la collectivité. Les normes coutumières de la vendetta, de la justice privée, des institutions, des garanties, du serment et de la réconciliation font l’objet de chapitres particuliers. On y trouve aussi des normes qui définissent la position des institutions religieuses, de l'église et de la mosquée. / The research on the canon law is an important aspect of the study of the history of Albanian people, particularly of their culture. Its evolution over the centuries has also been expressed in unwritten norms, inherited generation after generation, which reflect the socio-economic situation of different regions during the past periods and which in Albania were given the name of Greek-Byzantine origin”kanun” (canon).We know the Canon of Scanderbeg, the Canon of Dukagini, the Canon of Malsia e Madhe and of the Laberia. As early as the beginning of the XIXth century in the context of the research on the research on the Albanian history, language and culture, the first studies undertaken by foreign albanologists on the ethnocultural traditions became apparent.Among them, there were travelers and diplomats, as; Lik, Pukvil, A. Bue, Hekard, who fokuced genuine on the customary law. By the middle of the 19tth century an important step was made in this direction by the Austrian consul J.G Han who made known to the scientific world, the customary law and its institutions, the ancient character of which, as he pointed and was closely linked which the origin of the Albanian people.Han made an introduction of the law of the Mountains of the Canon of Scanderbeg which operated in Mat and Diber. In this wide territory lay in the past the principality of the Kastriots, whose memory, besides the documents is also preserved in numerous legends and toponyms, which Albanian people devoted to Scanderbeg. In this territory there exists a very detailed variant of the Canon, which Albanian people call the Canon of Scanderbeg. This canon contains similar fundamental principles of canonical law, but in the traces of its development, we also come across alien influences, especially those of the Sheriat.

The Ibero-American constitutions over the years have had multiple purposes from a formalistic conception to a materialistic conception. In these circumstances, it is vital to determine the new conception of these constitutions, due to the subsequent influence that could lead to the constitutions of countries of civil law tradition, such as Latin America. / Las Constituciones Iberoamericanas a lo largo de los años han tenido múltiples finalidades, desde una concepción formalista hasta una concepción materialista. En estas circunstancias, es de vital importancia determinar la nueva concepción de estas constituciones, debido a la influencia posterior que podría generar a las constituciones de países de tradición civil law, como el latinoamericano.

205 f. / Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-27T16:39:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DOS PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS ÀS SÚMULAS VINCULANTES - ANÁLISE D.pdf: 982656 bytes, checksum: ce4ecb9a02a9dfd15092a54ec5b84c49 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura(anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-27T16:40:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DOS PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS ÀS SÚMULAS VINCULANTES - ANÁLISE D.pdf: 982656 bytes, checksum: ce4ecb9a02a9dfd15092a54ec5b84c49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-27T16:40:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DOS PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS ÀS SÚMULAS VINCULANTES - ANÁLISE D.pdf: 982656 bytes, checksum: ce4ecb9a02a9dfd15092a54ec5b84c49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / A proposta nuclear do presente trabalho reside na análise da inserção da súmula vinculante no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, como instrumento que supostamente se aproximaria da teoria dos precedentes do common law. O presente estudo analisa os problemas advindos dessa inserção de um modelo favorável à dinâmica dos países anglo-saxônicos, na realidade da tradição romano-germânica do sistema civil law, como é o caso do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, trata inicialmente dos precedentes judiciais, dos seus atributos e da sua evolução no common law, verificando-se a tendência atual desse sistema em desenvolver uma certa flexibilidade na aplicação de julgados anteriores, estando em sentido contrário à adoção da súmula vinculante, que se justifica, principalmente, pela recepção do stare decisis no Brasil. Após, passa-se ao estudo do regime jurídico-constitucional da súmula vinculante no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, abordando a inserção do referido instituto, desde o ingresso do efeito vinculante até a sua definitiva regulamentação em sede constitucional e infraconstitucional. Verifica-se, também, o enquadramento conceitual da natureza jurídica da súmula vinculante, enfrentandose os questionamentos acerca da sua definição enquanto norma jurídica de caráter geral e abstrato, emitida pelo Poder Judiciário e com força obrigatória frente aos demais órgãos do Poder Judiciário, bem como à Administração Pública. Nesse sentido, observa-se a diferenciação entre precedentes judiciais e súmulas vinculantes, fator que aproxima o instituto brasileiro da norma legislativa, contestada pelo risco de usurpação de função do Poder Legislativo, o que afrontaria o princípio da separação de poderes. Registre-se ainda, a observação acerca dos efeitos ocasionados por uma verticalização de precedentes na realidade jurídica do Estado brasileiro, com a adoção da súmula vinculante, no que tange ao desenvolvimento de uma interpretação padronizada, que, por via de consequência, resulta na padronização do discurso judicial. / Salvador

Advantages and disadvantages of the at-will employment doctrine Abstract This diploma thesis is focusing on the at-will employment doctrine, which is the default principle dominating employment law in the United states of America. Its aim is to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of the at-will employment doctrine. As a prerequisite for further analysis of possible advantages and disadvantages, the thesis in its first part defines terms such as employment law, employment contract and employee in the context of legal order of the United States and takes into account significant differences arising from the differences between anglo-american and continental legal culture. As a next step in its second part this diploma thesis provides a description of basic compoments and historical development of the at-will doctrine, which is the default and key principle controlling employment relationships. In the third to fifth part the thesis is dedicated to the three main exceptions to the doctrine, which were developed by common law over time. These exceptions are public policy, implied in fact contract and a covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Each of these exceptions is at first conceptually defined and then its influence on employment relationship disputes is described. Continuously, it is summarized in which...

From an historical perspective, environmental law is an assembly of common law principles and regulatory techniques derived from public health and planning legislation. Until recently, it lacked a distinct, recognisable identity, and status. A separate discipline of ‘environmental law’ now exists which appears to have an internal coherence and to operate within a settled conceptual framework, anchored by a number of guiding principles. This development is not, though, a one-way process. There is an equally dynamic contraflow of legal disciplines claiming environmental concerns as their own, notably property and tort, company and insurance law. In a similar vein, at both European Union and national levels of government, there is a sense that the very nature of environmental problems means that environmental protection must form part of a wider range of policies and law. This thesis takes account of these recent developments by considering the contribution of environmental assessment to the development of environmental law. It examines the implementation of Council Directive 85/337 on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Public and Private Projects on the Environment' in the United Kingdom and thus the integration of a European Community method of environmental assessment alongside indigenous’ methods of environmental appraisal in the planning system. Some explanation is required, both as to the choice of subject matter, and to the methodology chosen to write this thesis.