In this dissertation, I examine a former sixties era hippie commune from the things and memories its residents have left behind. I focus on the intersections of memories, materialities, identities and systems of signification in order to suggest the following: that we might consider through archaeological, anthropological, and oral historical analyses the value of a genealogy of the sixties alongside histories of the era; that plastic presents a challenging archaeological issue (one of method and curation) while simultaneously reifying a social sense of its artificiality as an artifact of New Buffalo and a present-fact of speech (i.e. referring metaphorically to things as ‘plastic’, meaning false or artificial); that considerations of a ‘hippie’ work ethic might be productively brought to bear upon contemporary concerns about work and labor, but also might unpack our understandings of work and labor in American history; that playing primitive is a performance of citation and appropriation, a process of the inauthentic mimesis creating an authentic new (problematic) identity; and that artifacts and other objects shape (even re-appropriate) memories as much as they are re-made by them, and that recent historical artifacts can open up interesting collaborative analytical spaces when brought into actual conversation with site inhabitants, residents, and visitors. I aim to synthesize a number of threads, a number of different thought clusters throughout this dissertation in an effort to unpack anew questions of authenticity, of performing primitive as a kind of ‘Indian play’, or cultural appropriation, while also articulating a kind of identity creation that is aesthetic, political and counter to hegemonic and dominant traditions and forms. This work combines original field research at the site of New Buffalo commune in Arroyo Hondo, NM (in Taos County) and among the New Buffalos.

Dans les montagnes pluvieuses du Nord-est de la Turquie, l’on danse et l’on chante au son du kemençe, une petite vièle à trois cordes, parmi les vaches et les fusils. A partir d’une enquête dans ces montagnes, le propos de la thèse est d’appréhender un usage communal de la musique, soit une tradition musicale qui ne relèverait pas de ce que l’on entend communément par art - la création d’artistes, eux-mêmes figures marginales au sein de leur société - mais plus sûrement d’un bien communal, quelque chose dont l’usage est donné à tous (au sein de la communauté) et la propriété à personne (en tant qu’individu). Depuis ce constat d’un communal, l’enjeu sera également de comprendre les logiques de folklorisation et de commercialisation qui travaillent les musiques turques depuis maintenant un siècle. / In the rainy Pontic mountains (Northeast of Turkey) people sing and dance at the sound of the kemençe, a tiny three stringed fiddle. Through fieldwork in those mountains, the purpose of this dissertation will be to describe what would be called a “communal use” of music: a musical tradition not understood as art (the creation of artists) but as a common within a certain community. From this observation, the goal will also be to understand the logics of folklorisation and commercialization at work in Turkish music since a century.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Göttingen--Georg-August-Universität, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 256 -266. Index.

This thesis explores the impact of drought on communal violence, posing the research question: How does drought influence the occurrence of communal violence? Considering empirical evidence and theoretical postulations from previous research, economic grievances are introduced as a crucial factor in the causal pathway between drought and communal violence. Thus, two hypotheses are put forward to address the research question: incidences of communal violence will increase following droughts (H1), and an increase in economic grievances is associated with an increase in communal violence incidence in instances following drought (H2). The study employs a quantitative analysis utilizing climate, conflict, socioeconomic, and geographic information systems (GIS) data, employing generalizedlinear mixed models (GLMMs) in R to test the hypotheses for Kenya from 1997 to 2012. The findings indicate the inability to reject the null hypothesis for H1, suggesting no significant increase in communal violence following drought. The null hypothesis for H2 is generally not rejected, except for in one model, suggesting an association between economic grievances and communal violence 12 months following drought. While this thesis contributes to understanding the link between drought, economic grievances, and communal violence, further research is needed to explore alternative research designs, geographical contexts, and time periods.

The remittances transferred from Ecuadorian emigrants to Ecuador represent the second largest source of foreign device for the country. It is clear that such large amount of money makes an important impact on the economy. This study aims at evaluating the sustainability of the remittance generated development in the receiving households and also to find evidence if the organizations, authorities and other actors who work in relation to migration, remittances and development are able to increase this level of sustainability by implementing projects. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used in order to approach these issues. Questionnaires are carried out with remittance receivers and the results are compared to the results from previous studies in order to identify the usage of remittances. Now, as before it shows that the large majority of the remittances are used in order to cover the household’s daily expenses. The rate of investments and savings is on the other hand low, a situation that creates a fragile development that is heavily dependent on the continued inflows of remittances. This is not a new discovery and several actors including governmental authorities, NGO’s as well as migrant’s associations and international institutions have therefore contributed with development strategies in order to intent increase the sustainability. In order to identify these actors and learn about their objectives and development ideas are semi-structured interviews carried out. One main concern among these actors is to increase the level of investments in productive activities such as micro businesses. Such investments are for example incentivized by providing training for micro entrepreneurs, issuing seed money, promoting local financial structures and facilitating access to micro credits.

Magister Public Health - MPH / There is growing awareness that drinking water can become contaminated following its collection from safe communal sources such as boreholes, as well as during transportation and storage in the house. Drinking water is the most important source of gastroentric diseases worldwide, mainly due to post collection contamination of drinking water. Globally, waterborne diseases are a major public health problem, causing millions of deaths annually. Aim: To determine the association between household drinking water handling practices and bacteriological quality of drinking water at the point-of-use in the rural communities of Murewa district in Zimbabwe.

Debates realizados nas últimas décadas acerca do conceito de Diplomacia permitiram a consideração das práticas de negociação e mediação de conflitos do período medieval como práticas diplomáticas, antes restritas somente às realidades do Estado Moderno. Nesse cenário de discussões teóricas, o Período Comunal Italiano (séculos XII a XIV) despertou o interesse dos historiadores como um campo privilegiado de estudo da Diplomacia, principalmente devido às experiências de conflito entre as comunas italianas e o Sacro Império Romano-Germânico, que marcaram o período. Tal fascínio historiográfico em relação às comunas italianas expressou-se, sobretudo, na realização de um intenso processo de revisão e exploração dos corpora documentais peninsulares sob a chave de leitura da Diplomacia. Entretanto, a legislação estatutária comunal italiana não usufruiu da mesma sorte que outros textos no estudo das relações diplomáticas peninsulares na Baixa Idade Média por serem, principalmente, documentos considerados muito rígidos para a abordagem dessa questão. Fora os trabalhos de Angelini e Gilli, que acenaram para as possibilidades de estudo dos estatutos sob a ótica da Diplomacia, esses documentos continuam em grande parte ainda não explorados, principalmente a relação das rubricas estatutárias dedicadas aos embaixadores com os movimentos políticos da época. Desta forma, essa pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as diferentes redações dos estatutos comunais de Bolonha, Ferrara, Modena e Verona produzidos entre os séculos XIII e XV, buscando compreender como esses textos regulamentavam a organização de embaixadas e a escolha de embaixadores para representar os interesses da comuna no exterior, e qual era a relação que as rubricas destinadas a esse personagem estabeleciam com as disputas políticas no interior de cada uma dessas comunas e em seu conjunto. / Debates developed in the last decades about the concept of Diplomacy allowed practices of conflict mediation and resolution developed during the medieval period to be considered as diplomatic practices, a title once reserved only to realities related to the Modern State. In this scenario of theoretical discussions, the Italian Communal Period (XIIth to XIVth centuries) has arisen the interest of historians as a privileged field to study Diplomacy, especially due to the conflict experiences between the communes and the Holy Roman German Empire, which marked the period. Such historiographic fascination essentially resulted in the execution of an intense revision and exploration process of documents produced in the peninula in a Diplomatic point of view. However, the Statutory Communal Legislation did not cherished of the same luck as other texts in this sort of inquire, mainly because they were considered too rigid to be used in the exploration of such matter. Apart from the works of Angelini and Gilli, who signaled the possibilities of studying the statutes in a Diplomatic point of view, these documents continue to be mostly unedited and unexplored, especially the relationship between their rubricae dedicated to ambassadors and the political movements of the period. Therefore, this research aims to analyse different redactions of the communal statutes of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Verona written between the 13th and the 15th century, in order to try to understand how these texts regulated the organization of embassies and the choice of ambassadors to represent communal interests abroad, and what was the relationship established between the rubricae dedicated to this figure and the political disputes in the interior of each one of these communes and in them as a group.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 236-239. / by Carol Jean Boemer. / M.Arch.

Debates realizados nas últimas décadas acerca do conceito de Diplomacia permitiram a consideração das práticas de negociação e mediação de conflitos do período medieval como práticas diplomáticas, antes restritas somente às realidades do Estado Moderno. Nesse cenário de discussões teóricas, o Período Comunal Italiano (séculos XII a XIV) despertou o interesse dos historiadores como um campo privilegiado de estudo da Diplomacia, principalmente devido às experiências de conflito entre as comunas italianas e o Sacro Império Romano-Germânico, que marcaram o período. Tal fascínio historiográfico em relação às comunas italianas expressou-se, sobretudo, na realização de um intenso processo de revisão e exploração dos corpora documentais peninsulares sob a chave de leitura da Diplomacia. Entretanto, a legislação estatutária comunal italiana não usufruiu da mesma sorte que outros textos no estudo das relações diplomáticas peninsulares na Baixa Idade Média por serem, principalmente, documentos considerados muito rígidos para a abordagem dessa questão. Fora os trabalhos de Angelini e Gilli, que acenaram para as possibilidades de estudo dos estatutos sob a ótica da Diplomacia, esses documentos continuam em grande parte ainda não explorados, principalmente a relação das rubricas estatutárias dedicadas aos embaixadores com os movimentos políticos da época. Desta forma, essa pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as diferentes redações dos estatutos comunais de Bolonha, Ferrara, Modena e Verona produzidos entre os séculos XIII e XV, buscando compreender como esses textos regulamentavam a organização de embaixadas e a escolha de embaixadores para representar os interesses da comuna no exterior, e qual era a relação que as rubricas destinadas a esse personagem estabeleciam com as disputas políticas no interior de cada uma dessas comunas e em seu conjunto. / Debates developed in the last decades about the concept of Diplomacy allowed practices of conflict mediation and resolution developed during the medieval period to be considered as diplomatic practices, a title once reserved only to realities related to the Modern State. In this scenario of theoretical discussions, the Italian Communal Period (XIIth to XIVth centuries) has arisen the interest of historians as a privileged field to study Diplomacy, especially due to the conflict experiences between the communes and the Holy Roman German Empire, which marked the period. Such historiographic fascination essentially resulted in the execution of an intense revision and exploration process of documents produced in the peninula in a Diplomatic point of view. However, the Statutory Communal Legislation did not cherished of the same luck as other texts in this sort of inquire, mainly because they were considered too rigid to be used in the exploration of such matter. Apart from the works of Angelini and Gilli, who signaled the possibilities of studying the statutes in a Diplomatic point of view, these documents continue to be mostly unedited and unexplored, especially the relationship between their rubricae dedicated to ambassadors and the political movements of the period. Therefore, this research aims to analyse different redactions of the communal statutes of Bologna, Ferrara, Modena and Verona written between the 13th and the 15th century, in order to try to understand how these texts regulated the organization of embassies and the choice of ambassadors to represent communal interests abroad, and what was the relationship established between the rubricae dedicated to this figure and the political disputes in the interior of each one of these communes and in them as a group.

<p>Sverige ses av många som ett jämställt samhälle men skillnader i hur arbetstagare behandlas beroende på kön samt förekomsten av barn finns fortfarande. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur kvinnor och män påverkas av förekomsten av barn vid bedömningar av agentic- och communalegenskaper, kompetens, lönesättning samt anställningsbarhet. En enkät utformades där en personbeskrivning gjordes i sex identiska versioner, med undantag för kön på den sökande samt förekomst av barn, och delades ut till 164 personer på två offentliga platser i Stockholm. Förekomsten av barn påverkade inte bedömningen av en manlig och kvinnlig arbetssökande på olika sätt. Den kvinnliga sökande ansågs dock vara mer anställningsbar och kompetent och kvinnliga deltagare gav överlag högre skattningar än manliga deltagare. Detta resultat skiljer sig från tidigare studier från USA och en förklaring till detta kan vara Sveriges långvariga jämställdhetspolitik vilket kan ha haft en positiv inverkan på samhället.</p>