Shy children often have difficulty communicating; however, it is not clear whether these difficulties stem from a skills deficit or from an anxiety-driven performance deficit. Therefore, the present study examined how shy children’s communication skills differed from those of average, non-shy children, using the Internet as a medium for social communication. It was hypothesized that shy children may be more reticent than average children to initiate conversation in a novel situation. However, over time shy children were expected to become more comfortable in discussions with their on-line partner and to become less anxious as they acknowledge the anonymity of chat groups. This study also investigated potential changes in negative effects associated with shyness over time. Fifteen shy children (Mean shyness score=72.3; SD=6.43) and 15 average children (Mean shyness score=53.7; SD=5.6) participated in the 10 MSN conversation groups. Children were also given a series of questionnaires prior to and after the 10 sessions. Results from this study suggest that shy children communicate in a similar manner to their average partners when online. Results also suggest that shy children had higher levels of social anxiety than average children before beginning an online conversation with an unknown partner. However, by the end of the 10 sessions, their anxiety had been significantly reduced. No other changes or differences in psychological functioning were noted between shy and average children.

Objective To assess whether utilization of a validated communication tool corresponds with faculty assessment and resident self-assessment on the pediatric communication milestone continuum. Methods Pediatric residents were recruited to participate in the communication skills assessment. Continuity clinic faculty completed an assessment of each residents communication skills utilizing the 6 pediatric milestones that address interpersonal and communication skills. Each participating resident completed a self-assessment of their own communication skills utilizing the same milestones. After being placed on the milestones, the residents participated in a standardized patient interview that was recorded and subsequently evaluated by a faculty observer utilizing the Common Ground Instrument. Results 16/16 of pediatric residents participated in the study. The milestones and common ground instrument were scored on a scale from 1 to 5 with 5 representing an expert rating. For PGY-1 residents, the average faculty score on the milestones was 3.17, self-assessed average score was 2.92 and common ground average score was 3.67. For PGY-2 residents, the average faculty score on the milestones was 4.40, self-assessed score average was 4.10 and common ground average score was 3.20. For PGY-3 residents, the average faculty score on the milestones was 4.70, self-assessed score average was 4.10 and common ground average score was 3.60. PGY-1s had significantly lower self and faculty assessments than PGY-2s or -3s. There were no significant differences among PGYs on the Common Ground Interview score. Faculty rated residents significantly higher than they rated themselves. Previous clinical skills training, standardized patient training, and English as a first language had no significant effect on the self-assessment, faculty assessment or Common Ground Instrument score. Conclusion Faculty and residents observe an improvement in communication skills as residents progress through training; however, scores on a validated communication tool do not reflect this improvement.

This thesis explores the Chinese immigrants’ multilingual competencies, the development of their communication skills in Spain with the languages from different language groups among which the immigrants’ Spanish, English and Chinese skills’ development is the main part of the exploration. The study further examines the relationships between their multilingual development and the influenced factors such as family and school backgrounds, social environment, education, policy, etc. The paper also analyse different ways and processes of acquiring multilingual skills for Chinese immigrants in Spain and presents a number of suggestions for future work on the diversity on immigrant multilingualism. Additionally, the study reflects some effective approaches for second and third language acquisition in multilingual education especially for the languages from different language groups with large distance of structure as well as script. According to the development of the social and linguistic diversity, the multilingualism has to be studied in-depth with a diversity perspective. Generally , the study contributes to a better understanding of the language dynamics that take place in the contact between languages from different family groups in contexts of migration which reveal and enrich the principle of multilingual development on the diversity from immigration perspective which differs from the general multilingual development influenced by a variety of environmental factors and individual reasons. / Esta tesis explora las competencias multilingües de los inmigrantes chinos, el desarrollo de sus habilidades de comunicación en España con los idiomas de diferentes grupos lingüísticos, aunque se centra en el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas en español, inglés y chino de los inmigrantes de origen chino. El estudio examina más a fondo las relaciones entre su desarrollo multilingüe y los factores que influyen su desarrollo, como los antecedentes familiares y escolares, el entorno social, la educación, las políticas, etc. A través de este estudio, analizando el desarrollo multilingüe en los idiomas de diferentes familias lingüísticas y los diversos orígenes de los inmigrantes chinos en España, nuestra propuesta distingue diferentes formas y procesos de adquisición de las habilidades multilingües para los inmigrantes chinos en España y presenta una serie de sugerencias para un futuro trabajo sobre la diversidad en el multilingüismo de los inmigrantes chinos. Además, el estudio refleja algunos enfoques efectivos para la adquisición de un segundo y tercer idioma en la educación multilingüe. De acuerdo con el desarrollo de la diversidad social y lingüística, el multilingüismo debe ser estudiado en profundidad con una perspectiva de diversidad. En general, el estudio contribuye a una mejor comprensión de las dinámicas lingüísticas que se producen en el contacto entre lenguas de diferentes grupos familiares en contextos de migración, que revelan y enriquecen el principio de desarrollo plurilingüe sobre la diversidad, desde la perspectiva migratoria, que se diferencia del multilingüismo general cuyo desarrollo es influenciado por una variedad de factores ambientales y razones individuales.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om matematikdidaktiska strategier för elever inom AST. Den kvalitativa studien bygger på intervjuer av lärare i verksamheter som är speciellt inriktade mot elever inom AST. Som teoretiska ramverk i studien har vi varit inspirerade av grundad teori och sociokulturell perspektiv.Vi har i vår undersökning identifierat matematikdidaktiska strategier som är gynnsamma i undervisningen för att utveckla kommunikationsförmågan. Samtliga intervjuade lärare framhåller att det inte är lika stor utmaning för eleverna att kommunicera muntligt som skriftligt i matematikundervisningen. När det gäller den muntliga kommunikationen visar undersökningen att det är viktigt att skapa trygghet så att eleverna vågar prata samt hitta material som uppmuntrar samtal. Den skriftliga kommunikationen i matematiken hos elever inom AST gynnas av att lärare presenterar uppgifter som eleverna tolkar korrekt samt skapar aktiviteter som lockar till redovisning. Utifrån undersökningens empiri och den tidigare forskningen har vi lyckats identifiera gynnsamma matematikdidaktiska strategier för att stimulera elevernas kommunikationsförmåga. Med stöd av detta kan specialläraren handleda lärarna för att förebygga och överbrygga de utmaningar de står inför i undervisningen av elever inom autismspektrumtillståndet.

Hasta hace unas décadas, muchas competencias personales y emocionales habían sido subestimadas por una lógica racional, sin embargo, hoy están siendo revalorizadas y son requeridas en la mayoría de puestos de trabajo. Distintos estudios demuestran que en determinados contextos son tan o más influyentes que las cognitivas para el desempeño de un profesional. Es por ello que el presente trabajo, busca conocer los alcances de la musicoterapia como una herramienta alternativa para el desarrollo de ciertas habilidades blandas blandas, como la comunicación interpersonal en organizaciones en Lima, Perú. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación es de carácter cualitativo. Se obtuvo la información a través de entrevistas semi estructuradas a profesionales de recursos humanos, psicólogos y musicoterapeuts, para analizar sus percepciones con respecto a los alcances de esta herramienta. De esta manera, se combinó el análisis de la literatura con las entrevistas a especialistas. Dentro de las principales conclusiones encontramos que los profesionales de distintos rubros coinciden en que las habilidades blandas son parte de la fórmula del éxito para cualquier profesional, tanto personal como laboral y a su vez que estas influyen en la cultura organizacional. Asimismo, los expertos consideraron que la musicoterapia sí podría ser una vía para desarrollar dichas habilidades en colaboradores de empresas en Lima, Perú. / Until a few decades ago, many personal and emotional skills had been underestimated by a rational logic, however, today they are being revalued and are required in most jobs. Different studies show that in certain contexts they are as or more influential than cognitive ones for the performance of a professional. That is why the present work seeks to know the scope of music therapy as an alternative tool for the development of certain soft soft skills, such as interpersonal communication in organizations in Lima, Peru. The methodology used in this research is qualitative. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews with human resources professionals, psychologists and music therapists, to analyze their perceptions regarding the scope of this tool. In this way, the analysis of the literature was combined with the interviews with specialists. Among the main conclusions, we find that professionals from different fields agree that soft skills are part of the formula for success for any professional, both personal and work, and in turn they influence the organizational culture. The experts also considered that music therapy could be a way to develop these skills in collaborators of companies in Lima, Peru. / Tesis

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No / Communication involves the exchange of information between at least two people, a giver and a receiver. If left unaddressed, communication difficulties may have a profound effect on quality of life and quality of care. Poor communication may result in high levels of anxiety and depression for the person living with dementia. Communication breakdown contributes to high rates of depression in spouses of people living with dementia and is a major problem for family and carers. Positive and supportive communication is essential to ensure good quality dementia care. A person-centred approach focuses on supporting a person to use and retain their skills and abilities. Person-centred communication involves a commitment to including the perspective of the person living with dementia, and an understanding of who the person is, their life history and preferences.

In dieser Arbeit wurden Einstellungen Leipziger Medizinstudierenden zum Erwerb ärztlicher Gesprächskompetenz mit der Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) erfasst. Dazu wurde der englischsprachige Fragebogen ins Deutsche übertragen. Insgesamt fanden sich gering ausgeprägte negative Einstellungen und moderate Werte positiver Einstellungen. Im simulierten Längsschnitt fand sich kein Anhalt für eine Dehumanisierung. Die Einstellungswerte der Leipziger Kohorte sind geschlechtsspezifisch.

In this study, a computerized marriage enrichment program that gave couples instruction on communication skills and problem-solving was developed and tested. Couples completed the marriage enrichment courseware together on a computer. Forty couples from a metropolitan area in North Texas volunteered to complete the marriage enrichment courseware. Ten couples were randomly assigned to each of the following four groups: an experimental group that received the pretest followed by treatment and a post-test, a control-wait group that completed pre- and post-tests, an experimental group that received treatment followed by a post-test, and a post-test only control-wait: group. Three hypotheses were generated predicting that experimental subjects would significantly increase their marital communication skills following the treatment and that wives in the pre-test and experimental groups would achieve higher marital communication scores than would husbands. The dependent variable was the score on the Marital Communication Inventory (Bienvenu, 1970). Analyses of variance did not reveal any differences between husbands, wives, and couples at the pre- or post-tests. A three way analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for treatment (p < .04), but no interaction effects were found. In related findings, a t-test on the post-test minus pre-test difference for wife's scores was significant beyond the .005 level of confidence. Pearson product-moment correlations between the amount of time spent on the marriage enrichment courseware and posttest scores suggested that couples who spent more time completing the program were more likely to achieve higher scores. A regression analysis confirmed the significance of time spent on increased post-test scores (p < .0085). Based on these findings, it seems appropriate to conclude that computerized marriage enrichment courseware is a promising approach for couples who spend at least two hours completing the material.

Twenty-seven parents with young children were randomly assigned to an experimental group which underwent an affective skill-building program, or one of two control groups. Pre and postassessments measured levels of communication, discrimination, and child vocalization for each parent. Multilinear regression analysis indicated that final communication skills among the three groups were significantly different. Final communication skills of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the Hawthorne control group. Final discrimination skills for the three groups showed a trend toward being significantly different. Levels of child vocalization did not show significant changes. The experimental program was successful in improving accurate parent-child communication in the affective realm.