Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has a long history of social and physical segregation, which is also reflected in issues pertaining to the discipline of planning. In the past Apartheid policy and laws could be blamed for this, but today difficulties in uniting the different cultures and in addressing everyone's needs still exist. To date, the planning discipline has adopted a Western European top down approach, largely ignoring the fact that the country comprises a number of different cultures with different needs. In terms of a wide range of legislation, notably the Constitution of 1996, South Africans are bound to address and accommodate this diversity. Public participation is seen as a way to address these problems, as a result of which a number of different laws and regulations pertaining to procedures broaden the extent of public participation. Despite this, there is little visible evidence that the diversity of participants has any real influence on planning processes or their end results. Public workshops and seminars are frequently criticised because they are time-consuming and because participants have different agendas. Although a good deal of research has been done on the streamlining of procedures, not much attention has been given to the communication process and the nature of constructive dialogue. It follows that a significant part of confusion could be attributed to a lack of mutual understanding during the communication process and to faulty decoding or interpretation of message content. In this study project research was undertaken on the different aspects of communication and the effect of it on interpretation. It was found in a case study of the Stellenbosch Integrated Development Program (IDP), that disruption often occurred due to differences in multicultural communication. Solutions, as presented by the participants and other writers, are offered and discussed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika het 'n lang geskiedenis van sosiale en fisiese segregasie, wat ook in die beplanningsdisipline waarneembaar is. In die verlede kon blaam gelê word op apartheidsbeleid en wetgewing, maar daar is tans nog steeds probleme om die verskillende kultuurgroepe te verenig en om almal se behoeftes aan te spreek. Tot op hede is daar 'n sterk Westers-Europese benadering gevolg, wat die feit ignoreer dat die land saamgestel is uit verskillende kulture met verskillende behoeftes. In terme van 'n wye reeks wetgewing, veral die Grondwet van 1996, word Suid-Afrikaners verplig om hierdie diversiteit aan te spreek en te akkommodeer. Publieke deelname word gesien as 'n manier om hierdie probleme aan te spreek, soos aanbeveel deur wetgewing. Ten spyte hiervan, is daar min sigbare bewyse dat die diversiteit van deelnemers wel enige invloed op die beplanningsproses of die eindresultate het. Publieke werkswinkels en seminare word gekritiseer omdat dit so tydrowend is en omdat deelnemers opdaag met verskillende agendas. Baie navorsing is reeds gedoen om die prosedure meer vaartbelyn te maak, maar min aandag is gegee aan die kommunikasieproses en die aard van konstruktiewe dialoog. Hier word aangevoer dat 'n groot gedeelte van die verwarring toegeskryf kan word aan 'n gebrek aan gesamentlike begrip tydens die kommunikasieproses en aan verkeerdelike dekodering van die boodskap se inhoud. In die studie is navorsing gedoen oor die verskillende aspekte van kommunikasie en die effek daarvan op interpretasie. Daar is gevind tydens 'n gevallestudie van die Stellenbosch Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsprogram (GOP) dat ontwrigting voorkom as gevolg van verskille in multikulturele kommunikasie. Oplossings word aangebied en bespreek soos voorgestel deur sommige van die deelnemers en ander skrywers.

This paper highlights the methodology that has been used at Rhodes University and other South African universities in implementing vocation-specific African language learning programmes. Essentially, the paper links the curriculum design to the theoretical paradigm of intercultural communication. Intercultural theory is used as a basis to develop vocation-specific courses where language and culture are taught, for example, to second language learners of isiXhosa at Rhodes University. These courses include courses for Pharmacy and Law students. This paper offers a new theoretical paradigm for intercultural language teaching. Furthermore, examples from specific courses are provided in order to illustrate how this theoretical paradigm can be implemented in a practical way. The impact of multilingualism and intercultural communication in the wider legal and healthcare work environment in South Africa is also discussed.

Esta dissertação, de caráter antropológico, analisa o discurso jornalístico acerca da sexualidade produzido para dois universos sociais distintos. Objetivando demonstrar como se dá a construção dos valores relativos à sexualidade na instância discursiva, foram analisados dois jornais cariocas, pertencentes a mesma organização empresarial e destinados a públicos leitores diferenciados: segmentos populares e camadas médias. Concluiu-se que a mídia é uma agenda importante e ágil no processo de construção da sexualidade. Os valores em torno do sexo e da vida privada produzidos pela indústria cultural dirigida aos segmentos populares e as camadas médias estão referendados, por um lado, por uma visão mais tradicional e, por outro, por uma perspectiva mais moderna. A perspectiva tradicional está atrelada a uma concepção de mundo dicotomizada no tocante ao gênero e a sexualidade, enquanto a ótica moderna está relacionada a um prisma mais igualitário de conceber as relações entre os sexos e a major difusão do saber psicanalítico. Para chegar a esses resultados foram analisados os diferentes códigos utilizados na produção das notícias, o discurso imagético e o recurso a exposição dos corpos bem como a utilização da linguagem humorística como procedimento estilístico, elementos que falam de uma construção social do gosto e que expressam a escolha dos jornais para a leitura. / Produced for two different social universes. It demonstrates the construction of the sexual values in the discursive instance. Two newspapers of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed. They belong to the same organization and have different peublics: popular segments and middle classes. Media is an important and quick agency in the process of construction of the sexuality. The values around the sex and of the private life, produced by the cultural industry to the popular segments and the middle classes are conmposed, on one side, for a traditional vision and, for other, for a moden perspective. The traditional perspective is formed by a gender and sexuality dichotomized worlds conception, while the modern perspective is related to amore equalitarian relationship among the sexes and to the largest diffusion of the psychology knowledge. The different codes used in the production of the news, the photographic speech, the bodies exihibiton and the humorous language as stylistic resource were analized. All that elements talk about a social construction of the taste, expressing choice of the newspapers reading.

Esta dissertação, de caráter antropológico, analisa o discurso jornalístico acerca da sexualidade produzido para dois universos sociais distintos. Objetivando demonstrar como se dá a construção dos valores relativos à sexualidade na instância discursiva, foram analisados dois jornais cariocas, pertencentes a mesma organização empresarial e destinados a públicos leitores diferenciados: segmentos populares e camadas médias. Concluiu-se que a mídia é uma agenda importante e ágil no processo de construção da sexualidade. Os valores em torno do sexo e da vida privada produzidos pela indústria cultural dirigida aos segmentos populares e as camadas médias estão referendados, por um lado, por uma visão mais tradicional e, por outro, por uma perspectiva mais moderna. A perspectiva tradicional está atrelada a uma concepção de mundo dicotomizada no tocante ao gênero e a sexualidade, enquanto a ótica moderna está relacionada a um prisma mais igualitário de conceber as relações entre os sexos e a major difusão do saber psicanalítico. Para chegar a esses resultados foram analisados os diferentes códigos utilizados na produção das notícias, o discurso imagético e o recurso a exposição dos corpos bem como a utilização da linguagem humorística como procedimento estilístico, elementos que falam de uma construção social do gosto e que expressam a escolha dos jornais para a leitura. / Produced for two different social universes. It demonstrates the construction of the sexual values in the discursive instance. Two newspapers of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed. They belong to the same organization and have different peublics: popular segments and middle classes. Media is an important and quick agency in the process of construction of the sexuality. The values around the sex and of the private life, produced by the cultural industry to the popular segments and the middle classes are conmposed, on one side, for a traditional vision and, for other, for a moden perspective. The traditional perspective is formed by a gender and sexuality dichotomized worlds conception, while the modern perspective is related to amore equalitarian relationship among the sexes and to the largest diffusion of the psychology knowledge. The different codes used in the production of the news, the photographic speech, the bodies exihibiton and the humorous language as stylistic resource were analized. All that elements talk about a social construction of the taste, expressing choice of the newspapers reading.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-18T16:55:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL -DISSERTAÇÃO ROMERITA SILVA FARIAS.pdf: 1922868 bytes, checksum: a778d366ae9d95003f8820548743e636 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T16:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL -DISSERTAÇÃO ROMERITA SILVA FARIAS.pdf: 1922868 bytes, checksum: a778d366ae9d95003f8820548743e636 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES / O que comunicam e quais as mensagens de jovens anônimos e leigos na linguagem do audiovisual, participantes das oficinas do Programa de Extensão da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Proi-Digital, em execução desde 2010? Partindo do questionamento acima, esta pesquisa do tipo descritiva busca analisar as produções de vídeo, de jovens participantes de oficinas do Programa de Extensão, que ocorrem no interior de escolas públicas, no que se refere às mensagens que eles comunicam nessas produções e suas expressões de reflexão e crítica. Nesse sentido, o aporte teórico discute o universo juvenil, assim como explora os campos da comunicação, da educação e da cultura visual, utilizando como referências Martin-Barbero (1997), Hernández (2011), Penteado (1998), Belloni (2001) e Orofino (2005). A metodologia de natureza qualitativa é baseada no que preconiza Minayo (2001). Com mais de 18 vídeos produzidos, nesses quatro anos de Programa, para a amostra da pesquisa, foram analisados apenas 04 vídeos, os quais foram produzidos para as pesquisas realizadas nos anos de 2012 e 2013 com metodologias distintas. A análise desse material está contemplada em dois grupos de dados. O primeiro são os vídeos com a análise textual como modalidade fílmica, com ênfase na análise fílmica e a análise textual discursiva. O segundo, as entrevistas com a análise textual discursiva. Na análise dos resultados percebemos a mediação como um elemento forte e colaborador para o desenvolvimento da criticidade dos jovens participantes das oficinas de vídeo. Os vídeos foram um canal para os jovens exporem suas ideias, seus anseios, um meio para falar do seu cotidiano. Uma mensagem com um tom de crítica, de denúncia e de reflexão. / The audio-visual language and messages passed from anonymous, inexperienced and young participants has communicated what in the Officine Pro-digital postgraduate programme from the University Federal of Pernambuco, running since 2010? Taking into consideration what is asked above, this descriptive research aims to analyse all the videos produced which cover youth participants from the postgraduate Officine programme. These recorded videos illustrate what happens inside state schools, by verbalising messages of the chosen students, and express their criticisms and reflections. With this in mind, the theoretical contribution of this project brings into debate the juvenile universe, by exploring the fields of communication, education, and visual culture, based on past authors‘ references: Martin-Barbero (1997), Belloni (2001), Hernández (2011), Orofino (2005) and Penteado (1998). The methodology of qualitative nature is based on what Minayo, (2001) advocates. Having more than 18 videos produced during this four-year programme, as a means of research, only 4 videos were subsequently chosen and recorded for research purposes over the period 2012 to 2013 with distinct methodologies. The analyses of these recording materials are arranged into two data groups. The first is on videos with textual analysis with filmic modality, with an emphasis on filmic analysis and discursive textual analysis. The second data analysis focuses on the interviews with discursive textual analysis. In the analysis of the results, the authors realise the mediation as a strong element and collaborator in the development of the criticality of the young participants of the Officine videos. The videos came as a communication channel for the youths to express their ideas and agonizing, as well as an opportunity to express their daily lives. This paper brings an important message with critical tones, complaints and reflections.

The diploma thesis deals with the communication strategy of the association Dokořán Initiative. Dokořán Initiative is a nonprofit organization working in the field of culture. The goal of the thesis is to design a communication strategy which will be effective, and at the same time overcome all barriers specific for non-profit sector, especially the field of the culture. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first two chapters provide a theoretical basis for the development of the practical part. It deals with marketing in general, eventually it gets to all commercial communications and specifics of non-profit organizations and Culture. The third chapter contains a detailed analysis of the association. In the conclusion of these analyzes we can find a comprehensive proposal on a communication strategy for the season 2017.

Oral traditions and oral literature have long contributed to human communication. The advent of arguably the most important technology, the written word, altered human ability to create and develop. However, this development for all its potential and scope created one of the most insidious dichotomies. As the written word developed so too the oral word became devalued and pushed to the fringes of societal development. One of the unfortunate outcomes has been a focus on the nomenclatures associated with orality and oral tradition, which although of importance, has skewed where the focus could and should have been located, namely, how to support and maintain the oral word and its innate value to human society in the face of what has become rampant technological developments. It is now ironic that technology is creating a fecund environment for a rebirth of orality. The study aims to mobilize technauriture as a paradigm in order to further embed orality and oral traditions to coherently embrace this changing technological environment. The central tenet of the study is that in order to enhance the status of orality the innate value embodied in indigenous knowledge systems must be recognized. Using the work of Bongani Sitole, an oral poet, as a backdrop the study will demonstrate a basic model that can act as a foundation for the effective integration of orality into contemporary structures. This is based on work that I published in the Journal of African Contemporary Studies (2009). Given the obvious multi-disciplinary nature of the material the work covers a wide cross section of the debate, from questions of epistemology and knowledge in general in terms of oral traditions, through the consciousness and technical landscapes, via the experience with Sitole’s material to issues of copyright and ownership. This work has also been submitted for publication together with my supervisor as a co-author. The study intends to consolidate the technauriture debate and lay a solid foundation to support further study.

Uppsatsen undersöker medlemmarnas förhållande till feedback inom två institutioner, institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (GMK) och institutionen för pedagogiska studier (IPS) på Karlstads universitet. Feedback är ett kommunikationsverktyg som används för att främja organisationsmedlemmarnas utveckling. Denna individuella utveckling är essentiell för ett universitets verksamhet eftersom medlemmarnas kunskap och kompetens är en av dess viktigaste tillgångar. Att denna typ av kommunikation värderas högt manifesteras i universitetens institutionalisering av feedback och hur den integreras i arbetsrutinerna. Problemområdet innefattas av hur dessa institutioner skiljer sig i strukturen från den klassiska hierarkiska företagsstrukturen, med en tydlig rangordning mellan chef och anställd, med fokus på feedbackens roll i denna typ av organisation. Forskning som inriktar sig specifikt till denna typ av struktur inom en organisation är idag underrepresenterade och skapar därför ett forskningshål. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de två nämnda institutionerna med fokus på feedback, med dess institutionalisering och dess integration i arbetsrutinerna, och hur medlemmarna förhåller sig till denna process. För att undersöka vilken effekt denna institutionalisering av feedback har, skapades följande tre frågeställningar: Hur framförs kritik inom en organisation där feedback är institutionaliserat? Hur skiljer sig synen på feedback hos dessa institutioner jämfört med företag med en klassisk hierarkisk organisationsstruktur? Hur påverkar organisationskulturen förmågan men även viljan att kritisera samt att ge och ta emot feedback?För att kunna besvara dessa frågor har relevant tidigare forskning inom området identifierats. De olika valda teorierna berör fem olika faktorer: Kanalval, ledarskap, relationer, organisationskultur och feedback som alla har en direkt koppling till forskningsområdet. Exempel på dessa teorier är Information Richness Theory (IRT) som poängterar hur olika kommunikationskanaler bör tillämpas. Leader membership exchange theory (LMX) och Conceptual model of employee questions poängterar hur personliga relationer påverkar kommunikation och hur ledarskapsstrukturen inom en organisation påverkar feedback. En ytterligare central komponent i hur medlemmarna förhåller sig till feedback är organisationskulturen. Denna kultur kan brytas ned i tre olika kategorier; identifikation, förtroende och engagemang. De har alla en inverkan på feedbackprocessen och bör därför tas med i beräkning. Även forskning direkt kopplat till feedback återfinns inom avsnittet tidigare forskning. Tillämpandet av en enkätundersökning gav möjligheten att dra generella slutsatser om populationen. Frågorna i enkäten är förankrade i den tidigare forskningen och är operationaliserade i förhållande till de tre forskningsfrågorna. Den insamlade data visade på att en institutionalisering av feedback har en övervägande positiv effekt hos medlemmarnas förhållning till denna. Institutionens medlemmar har överlag starka och välmående relationer till sina kollegor och ledare. Medlemmarna känner att de fritt kan framföra sina åsikter, oavsett yrkesposition, och att dessa åsikter respekteras, vilket är en följd av det starka förtroendet de har för sina kollegor och ledare. Identifikationen till institutionerna är överlag stark, vilket påverkar medlemmarnas engagemang och viljan till att utvecklas. Feedback fordrar en kanal som kan förmedla komplex information, som samtidigt ska möjliggöra en tvåvägskommunikation och vara personlig för att uppnå önskad effekt. Detta förhåller sig institutionerna till och feedback förmedlas primärt muntligt. Resultatet visar att en genomtänkt förhållning till feedback har en stor påverkan på organisationens verksamhet. / The essay examines the members' relationship with feedback within two institutions, the Department of Geography, Media and Communication (GMK) and the Department of Educational Studies (IPS) at Karlstad University. Feedback is a communication tool used to promote organizational development. This individual development is essential for a university's business because of its members knowledge and skills are one of its most important assets. The importance of this kind of communication is manifested in the university's institutionalization of feedback and how it is integrated into the work routines. The problem area is comprised of how these institutions differ in the structure in relation to the classical hierarchical business structure, with a clear ranking between boss and employee, focusing on the role of feedback in this type of organization. Research that focuses specifically on this type of structure within an organization is currently underrepresented and therefore creates a research hole. The purpose of the paper is to examine the two mentioned institutions with a focus on feedback, its institutionalization and its integration into the work routines, and how the members relate to this process. To investigate the impact of this institutionalization of feedback, the following three questions were created:  How is criticism conducted within an organization where feedback is institutionalized?  How does the view of feedback differ from these institutions compared with companies with a classical hierarchical organizational structure? How does organizational culture affect the ability but also the willingness to criticize and to give and receive feedback? In order to answer these questions, relevant prior research in the area has been identified. The different theories chosen relate to five different factors: Channel selection, leadership, relationships, organizational culture and feedback, all of which are directly linked to the research area. Examples of these theories are Information Richness Theory (IRT) that emphasizes how different communication channels should be applied. Leader membership exchange theory (LMX) and Conceptual model of employee questions emphasize how personal relationships affect communication and how leadership structure within an organization affects feedback. An additional central component of how members relate to feedback is the organizational culture. This culture can be broken into three different categories; identification, trust and dedication. They all have an impact on the feedback process and should therefore be taken into account. Research related to feedback can also be found in the previous research section. The application of a survey gave the opportunity to draw general conclusions about the population. The questions in the questionnaire are anchored in the previous research and are operationalized in relation to the three research questions. The collected data showed that the institutionalization of feedback has a predominantly positive effect on members' relation to this. The members of the institution generally have strong and prosperous relationships with their colleagues and leaders. Members feel that they can freely express their views regardless of their professional position, and these views are respected, which is a consequence of the strong trust they have for their colleagues and leaders. Identification to the institutions is generally strong, which affects the members' commitment and the willingness to develop. Feedback requires a channel that can transmit complex information, which will simultaneously enable two-way communication and be personalized to achieve the desired effect. This relates to the institutions and feedback is transmitted primarily orally. This result shows that a thoughtful attitude to feedback has a major impact on the organization's activities.

No description available.

Please read the abstract in the section, 00front of this document Copyright / Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted