The impact of athlete activism online remains understudied in academic scholarship. To gain a better understanding for fan response to athlete activism online, this study examines the patterns in perception and response among sports fans with respect to politically-charged content posted online by professional athletes. The purpose of this study is to use this understanding of fan response to help athletes and their representatives manage fan reaction to athletes’ politically-charged content. By examining fan response to politically-charged content, this study suggests principles for eliciting positive impact, fostering open discourse, and promoting awareness through social media. Patterns in perception and response among sports fans with respect to politically-charged content posted online by professional athletes were examined through in-depth interviews conducted with sports fans between the ages of 18 and 30 who follow the profiles of professional athletes on social media. An understanding of the potential benefits and drawbacks of athletes’ use of social media for social movements has been gained through an analysis of the emergent themes among perception and response patterns revealed by study participants. The emergent themes of this study inform recommendations for professional athletes posting politically-charged content online. The findings of this study suggest that athletes who post politically-charged content online should do so with their goals and audience in mind. Knowing their goals as well as their audience grants athletes the ability to frame their content accordingly, rendering them more likely to receive positive responses to the politically-charged content they post. Based on the findings of this study, athletes who frame politically-charged content as a narrative highlighting their lived experience and employing appeals to emotion and humor yield the most positive responses from otherwise uninterested or hostile fans. The insights gained from this study stand to fill the gap in existing literature surrounding athlete activism online.

This diploma thesis deals with the problematics of new media in the field of media education in the second stage of basic education. In the first part of the thesis, history of social media is presented. Their influence and conduct in society have changed with their mass growth. The development of media production presents risks which need to be faced through complex education of society; development of media literacy, digital literacy, critical thinking, and reading is therefore crucial. The theoretical part of this thesis describes how the age group of lower secondary education students utilizes media. Moreover, the reader is introduced to risks which adolescents face online, and subsequently, means of preparing students for these risks are devised. The second part of the thesis consists of three projects dealing with media literacy and critical thinking advancement. Students are learning to critically asses media messages and they examine all factors which influence message production. Furthermore, the students work with visual image material in a similar way, and they reflect on their own media and digital technology usage.

Introduction: This work responds to the need of developing digital skills in teachers, who can take advantage of the different potentialities of technological resources in order to achieve better learning in their students. Objective: To determine the differences between the dimensions of the digital competence of teachers of the School of Health Sciences of a private university in Lima, Peru, according to sociodemographic variables. Methods: A comparative descriptive design was used. It should also be noted that a total population composed of 40 teachers was considered, of which 34 agreed to collaborate in the research. The instrument used to collect information was an adaptation of the Teaching Digital Competence Questionnaire, prepared by Javier Tourón, Deborah Martín, Enrique Navarro, Silvia Pradas and Victoria Íñigo in 2018. In addition, a sociodemographic record was addressed to teachers. Subsequently, statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 25 software. Results: It was found that there were no significant differences between the dimensions of digital competence, according to the sociodemographic variables of sex, age, maximum level of study reached, and years of teaching experience. Even so, the differences evidenced in some of these variables could be subject of future studies. Conclusions: The dimension in which teachers have the greatest problems is security, while the one in which they have the least difficulties is problem solving. / Revisión por pares

This thesis deals with the issue of cyberbullying and it examines the differences in its perception depending on gender. In the beginning the thesis describes transformation of communication based upon time and technologies used to communicate. It is followed by the comparison of cyberbullying and bullying where similarities and differences are shown. After this theoretical part comes the practical part of the thesis which is started by the justification of the chosen research method - qualitative research, individual interviews with grammar school children in the age 10 to 15 years. The following part describes the construction of the research - creating the scenario of the interviews followed by the description of the interviews which were afterward transcribed and analyzed. The interviews were analyzed by open coding and showed that there are differences regarding cyberbullying and gender but they also showed that there are similarities in the usage of communication media. The results proved that in the selected sample of children girls are more likely to take part in cyberbullying than in bullying. The results also showed that girls are more likely to share more personal information and photos on the internet than boys although we can observe that this is starting to change because boys are...

Diploma thesis "Media teaching at Czech schools: attitudes of school leaders to develop of media literacy" process the analysis of the current situation in the education of pupils in primary and secondary schools in the new issue of media literacy, figuring how it happens, what are the practices of school leaders - that determines how and where this discipline in schools is loaded, what leaders of schools achieve results and how they evaluated the contribution of the subject. The main target of this work is to analyze the current situation in Prague and neighbourhood and find the starting points for all who are interested in the topic, as well as defining the attitudes of school leaders to load new topics into school curricula. KEYWORDS: Media; Media Communication; Media Education; Media Literacy; Framework Educational Program; School Leader.

The subject of this thesis is the media, its history and function, and some other specific associated terms (in particular, the concept of objectivity and the theory of agenda- setting). In my thesis, I will also address the relationship between the media and politics. The aim of the practical part of the thesis is to analyze the work of three Czech journals (Hospodářské noviny, Mladá fronta DNES, Právo), and two television newscasts (Televizní noviny on TV Nova and Události České televize), in each case focusing on the theme of the American presidential election within a defined period of time (7. 11. 2016 - 13. 11. 2016). The core of the analysis consists of observing the proportion of total space and time that was dedicated to the topic, and in this analysis, I will focus on objectivity, or on the occurrence of the tabloid features. Key words media, mass communication, news, agenda-setting, objectivity, tabloid press, political marketing, election, president

企業處於競爭日益激烈的環境中，唯有不斷地提昇競爭力，以因應環境嚴格的考驗。而降低營運成本與提高產品及服務的品質，則為攸關企業競爭力的重要因素。 企業為及時提供與滿足消費者的需求，唯有透過上游供應端至下游需求端之各個環節予以緊密的結合。因此，供應鏈管理的觀念日益受到重視。在供應鏈架構中，資訊流實為貫穿及維繫著供應鏈中全體成員間的合作關係。如何迅速地傳遞供應鏈中的資訊，即時掌握消費者的產品需求，實為企業經營的關鍵。 本研究針對供應鏈中企業內與通路成員間的資訊流，探討企業藉由合適的通訊方式來傳遞資訊資源。透過資訊即時的傳遞，使資訊得以垂直整合與共享，使企業內部與通路成員間獲取相關資訊，及時的管理和控制庫存量，避免產生存量超額與售磬的窘境。企業更可藉由資訊即時的傳遞與共享，提昇經營管理的績效，以及減少重複資源的耗費，進而降低企業之營運成本。 本研究主要目的有二：其一為提出供應鏈架構下通訊方式選擇策略的訂定方法；其二為根據所提出的通訊方式選擇策略之訂定方法，針對日用百貨零售業探討企業通訊方式之選擇策略。研究過程中，首先蒐集供應鏈管理、資訊科技與通訊方式的相關文獻；其次分別針對供應鏈架構中資訊流，以及通訊方式的使用特性進行分析與探討；之後依據本研究提出的通訊方式選擇策略之訂定方法，針對日用百貨零售業為對象，並結合日用百貨零售業企業內外部環境分析所得結論，訂定出日用百貨零售業通訊方式之選擇策略。 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………..1 1.1 研究背景與動機…………………………………………………………….1 1.2 研究目的…………………………………………………………………….2 1.3 研究範圍與限制…………………………………………………………….4 1.4 論文架構…………………………………………………………………….4 第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………….6 2.1 供應鏈管理………………………………………………………………….6 2.1.1 供應鏈管理的定義……………………………………………………..7 2.1.2 供應鏈的整合…………………………………………………………..9 2.2 資訊流……………………………………………………………………….9 2.2.1 資訊流的定義…………………………………………………………..9 2.2.2 資訊流的類型………………………………………………………….12 2.2.3 資訊流的傳遞模式…………………………………………………….12 2.3 通訊方式……………………………………………………………………16 2.3.1 有線通訊方式………………………………………………………….16 2.3.1.1 公眾交換電話網路…………..……………..………………..……17 2.3.1.2 整體服務數位網路………..………………………………………20 2.3.1.3 非對稱數位用戶迴路……………..………………………………22 2.3.1.4 軸纜數據機……………..…………………………………………23 2.3.2 無線通訊方式………………………………………………………….24 2.3.2.1 無線電通訊………………………………………………………..24 2.3.2.2 紅外線通訊………………………………………………………..26 2.3.2.3 行動通訊…………………………………………………………..27 2.3.2.4 衛星通訊…………………………………………………………..31 2.4 資訊科技……………………………………………………………………35 2.4.1 資訊科技引進策略之探討…………………………………………….35 2.4.2 資訊科技實施階段之探討…………………………………………….37 2.4.2.1 Zmud及Apple的資訊科技實施程序模式………………………37 2.4.2.2 Nolan的階段成長理論……………………………………………39 第三章 通訊方式選擇策略訂定方法之探討……………………………..41 3.1 通訊方式選擇策略訂定方法之流程………………………………………41 3.2 供應鏈成員架構之建立……………………………………………………43 3.2.1 傳統供應鏈之成員架構……………………………………………….43 3.2.2 導入物流中心的供應鏈之成員架構………………………………….44 3.3 資訊流的內涵與傳遞模式之分析…………………………………………45 3.3.1 價值鏈模式…………………………………………………………….46 3.3.2 資訊流之分析………………………………………………………….48 3.3.2.1 企業內部資訊流之分析…………………………………………..48 3.3.2.2 通路成員間資訊流之分析………………………………………..49 3.4 通訊方式使用特性之分析…………………………………………………49 3.5 企業內外部環境之分析……………………………………………………51 3.5.1 SWOT分析…………………………………………………………….52 3.5.2 SWOT矩陣…………………………………………………………….52 3.5.3 企業策略……………………………………………………………….53 3.6 資訊流與通訊方式之探討…………………………………………………55 3.7 企業內外部環境與資訊流之探討…………………………………………56 3.8 通訊方式選擇策略之訂定…………………………………………………57 第四章 日用百貨零售業通訊方式選擇策略之訂定……………………59 4.1 個案描述……………………………………………………………………59 4.1.1 統一企業與捷盟行銷………………………………………………….59 4.1.2 萊爾富公司…………………………………………………………….65 4.1.3 美國西爾斯公司……………………………………………………….68 4.1.4 美國寶鹼公司與威名百貨…………………………………………….74 4.1.5 日本丸井百貨………………………………………………………….78 4.2 日用百貨零售業的供應鏈成員架構………………………………………80 4.3 日用百貨零售業的資訊內涵與傳遞模式之分析…………………………82 4.3.1 日用百貨零售業企業內部資訊流之分析…………………………….82 4.3.2 日用百貨零售業通路成員間資訊流之分析………………………….84 4.4 通訊方式使用特性之分析…………………………………………………87 4.5 日用百貨零售業企業內外部環境之分析…………………………………91 4.5.1 日用百貨零售業之SWOT分析………………………………………91 4.5.2 日用百貨零售業之SWOT矩陣………………………………………92 4.6 日用百貨零售業資訊流與通訊方式之探討………………………………94 4.6.1 日用百貨零售業企業內部資訊流與通訊方式之配對關係………….95 4.6.2 日用百貨零售業通路成員間資訊流與通訊方式之配對關係……….96 4.7 日用百貨零售業企業內外部環境與資訊流之探討………………………97 4.8 日用百貨零售業通訊方式選擇策略之制訂……………………………..100 4.9 本章結論…………………………………………………………………..103 4.9.1 結合優勢與機會之通訊方式選擇策略……………………………...103 4.9.2 發揮優勢避免威脅之通訊方式選擇策略…………………………...104 4.9.3 改善劣勢掌握機會之通訊方式選擇策略…………………………...104 4.9.4 改善劣勢避免威脅之通訊方式選擇策略…………………………...105 第五章 結論與建議………………………………………………………….107 5.1 結論………………………………………………………………………..107 5.2 建議………………………………………………………………………..108 / To provide and to satisfy the customers' needs, we should integrate the up-stream supply side and down-stream demand side. That's the reason why the concept and implementation of supply chain management occupy so much of the attention. In a supply chain framework, the information flow is the key factor to integrate all of the activities of the intra-member and inter-member in the chain. And how to quickly and suitably deliver the information in a supply chain to respond the customers' needs and changes on time is the critical success factor of running a business. In this research, we emphasize on the information flow of intra-member and inter-member of a supply chain. And we study how to select the proper communication media to deliver the information in the chain on time to quickly respond the change of customers' needs and to reduce the inventory cost as well as the operating cost. We believe that all the members of a supply chain will increase their competitive forces through the strengthening their quick and on time delivery ability of the intra-member and inter-member information flow. There are two main purposes in this research; one is to propose a method to decide a selecting strategy of communication media to deliver the information in a supply chain framework, and the other is to study the selecting strategy of communication media for retail sales industry of consumer goods.

<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p align="left">Within a context of rapid technological change and shifting market conditions, the South African education system is challenged with providing increased education opportunities without increased budgets. Many educational institutions are answering the challenge without increased budgets. Several educational institutions are answering the challenge by developing distance education programs through information technology, but in the case of one institution, strategic intentions involving information technology and distance learning have not been fulfilled. At its most basic level, distance education takes place when a teacher and student(s) are separated by physical distance. Technology, often in combination with face-to-face communication, can be used to bridge instructional gaps. It can be argued that modes of teaching and learning are changing, and we must redefine what is meant by the word &ldquo / student&rdquo / . For example: what should we really call an adult involved in life long learning? The term &ldquo / student&rdquo / seems inappropriate. These types of programs can provide adults with a second chance at tertiary education, reach those disadvantaged by limited time, distance or physical disability, and update the knowledge base of workers at their places of employment. The aim of this research is to determine and understand the growing role of information technology in promoting quality assurance in higher education, and in expanding the education opportunities and workplace learning through the use of distance learning. This work investigates how distance learning can be improved by making use of IT with <font face="Times-Roman" size="3">particular regard to the underprivileged, and the potential contribution to national transformation. This is summarized in the research question: </font><i><font face="Times-Italic" size="3"><font face="Times-Italic" size="3">&ldquo / How can we improve distance learning in South Africa with emerging technologies?&rdquo / </font></font><font face="Times-Roman" size="3">&nbsp / review of the literature, interviews with experts, and reviews of conference papers provided the principle inputs. The academic literatures were supplemented by studies of papers from the Department of Education and other non-academic sources. Based on the reading of the literature, and the views of experts, questionnaires and field experiments were designed and applied to a statistically significant population of respondents. A combination of statistical analysis and content analysis of open questions from the questionnaires lead to comparative evidence about different learning styles and different communities of learners, and the extent to which different learning styles are effective for the different kinds of learners.</font></i></p>

<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p align="left">Within a context of rapid technological change and shifting market conditions, the South African education system is challenged with providing increased education opportunities without increased budgets. Many educational institutions are answering the challenge without increased budgets. Several educational institutions are answering the challenge by developing distance education programs through information technology, but in the case of one institution, strategic intentions involving information technology and distance learning have not been fulfilled. At its most basic level, distance education takes place when a teacher and student(s) are separated by physical distance. Technology, often in combination with face-to-face communication, can be used to bridge instructional gaps. It can be argued that modes of teaching and learning are changing, and we must redefine what is meant by the word &ldquo / student&rdquo / . For example: what should we really call an adult involved in life long learning? The term &ldquo / student&rdquo / seems inappropriate. These types of programs can provide adults with a second chance at tertiary education, reach those disadvantaged by limited time, distance or physical disability, and update the knowledge base of workers at their places of employment. The aim of this research is to determine and understand the growing role of information technology in promoting quality assurance in higher education, and in expanding the education opportunities and workplace learning through the use of distance learning. This work investigates how distance learning can be improved by making use of IT with <font face="Times-Roman" size="3">particular regard to the underprivileged, and the potential contribution to national transformation. This is summarized in the research question: </font><i><font face="Times-Italic" size="3"><font face="Times-Italic" size="3">&ldquo / How can we improve distance learning in South Africa with emerging technologies?&rdquo / </font></font><font face="Times-Roman" size="3">&nbsp / review of the literature, interviews with experts, and reviews of conference papers provided the principle inputs. The academic literatures were supplemented by studies of papers from the Department of Education and other non-academic sources. Based on the reading of the literature, and the views of experts, questionnaires and field experiments were designed and applied to a statistically significant population of respondents. A combination of statistical analysis and content analysis of open questions from the questionnaires lead to comparative evidence about different learning styles and different communities of learners, and the extent to which different learning styles are effective for the different kinds of learners.</font></i></p>

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-71).