As the number of people affected by natural and man-made disasters increases, so does the need for emergency preparedness education. Previous research has indicated that education and training can have an impact on the resiliency of individuals, families, and communities. The use of Extension professionals in regional and county offices across each state is an effective means for education. In this study, family and consumer sciences (FCS) county Extension faculty in the Western Region of the United States were surveyed to determine the best practices used and perceptions of the importance and their ability to educate individuals, families, and communities on emergency preparedness. Many respondents agreed on effective strategies to recruit individuals to Extension programming. Overall, FCS county Extension faculty indicated that emergency preparedness being offered was important; however, they did not think they had adequate knowledge or ability to educate on many emergency preparedness topics.

As the number of people affected by natural and man-made disasters increases, so does the need for emergency preparedness education. Previous research has indicated that education and training can have an impact on the resiliency of individuals, families, and communities. The use of Extension professionals in regional and county offices across each state is an effective means for education. In this study, family and consumer sciences (FCS) county Extension faculty in the Western Region of the United States were surveyed to determine the best practices used and perceptions of the importance and their ability to educate individuals, families, and communities on emergency preparedness. Many respondents agreed on effective strategies to recruit individuals to Extension programming. Overall, FCS county Extension faculty indicated that emergency preparedness being offered was important; however, they did not think they had adequate knowledge or ability to educate on many emergency preparedness topics.

The Land-Grant University Cooperative Extension (herein: Extension) system has been an underutilized resource for physical activity programming. With the recent addition of physical activity as a focus of Extension work, efforts are needed improve dissemination and implementation of evidence-based physical activity interventions. Improving implementation requires overcoming limitations including institutional support and perceptions of Extension health educators who could develop, deliver, and evaluate these programs. A participatory approach that includes input at all delivery levels (program participants, delivery agents, and administrators) can aid implementation through considering program acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility from the beginning. This dissertation includes three manuscripts that explore the Extension's role in promoting physical activity in older adults, both in the United States and abroad. Manuscript 1 detailed a systematic review of community-based older adult physical activity programs that was conducted in order to determine the characteristics of effective older adult physical activity programs and the extent to which programs implemented in Extension systems nationwide employ these characteristics. The results indicated notable differences between peer-reviewed literature and Extension programs as well as presented an opportunity for Extension programs to more effectively use evidence-based program characteristics, including behavioral theories and group dynamics. The results also suggested that Extension programs could more effectively report their findings through peer-reviewed sources so that effective programs can be disseminated to reach a broader population. Manuscript 2 was an exploratory study conducted as a first step in bringing older adult physical activity programming to Ghana through Extension. Results of the mixed-methods study suggested that older adults in Ghana have mostly positive perceptions of physical activity and would be receptive to an in-person physical activity program. In particular, without specific prompting on principles of group dynamics, across all focus groups, participants mentioned aspects of groupness ranging from the need for accountability to the enjoyment of exercising with others. The results also indicated a need for education on Ministry of Health physical activity recommendations and how to meet them. These findings can be used as the first step to adapting and delivering an evidence-based intervention in Ghana through an integrated research-practice partnership. This approach includes community-level decision making to ensure the resultant program is a good fit in the intended delivery system. Manuscript 3 detailed the translation of an evidence-based older adult physical activity program to an Extension system in a rural state (population 585,501). Results suggested that Extension health educators have overall positive perceptions of physical activity programming, but they experience barriers in delivering these programs. While the program has the potential to reach a representative sample of the population, the adoption rate among Extension health educators was low, and system-wide changes may be needed to improve physical activity program adoption rates among educators. Overall, results of the three manuscripts provided evidence and recommendations for Extension professionals to improve physical activity program implementation through using evidence-based interventions and characteristics, considering perceptions of end users prior to program implementation, and considering system-level changes that promote physical activity program adoption. / Ph. D. / The United States Department of Agriculture funds a national Cooperative Extension system. This system brings Land-Grand University evidence to the people. Physical activity was recently added as a focus of Extension programming, but work is needed improve the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based physical activity interventions. To improve implementation, barriers such as institutional support and perceptions of Extension professionals need to be addressed. A shared decision-making approach that includes input from multiple groups (those who participate in programs, teach or organize programs, and make decisions about programs) can help with implementation. This approach considers program acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility from the beginning. This dissertation includes three manuscripts about promoting physical activity in older adults through Extension. This work takes place both in the United States and abroad. Manuscript 1 was a review of older adult physical activity programs that are based in communities. It identifies traits of programs that are shown to be effective. This is compared to similar programs done through Extension throughout the U.S. Results demonstrated differences between effective programs with published results and programs done through Extension. Extension could be more effective by using program characteristics that are backed up by evidence. This included using theories that explain how people change their behavior and using group strategies. Results also suggested that Extension programs could do better publishing their results so others can learn about them. Manuscript 2 was a study about perceptions of physical activity among older adults in Ghana. Results of the surveys and group interviews suggested that older adults in Ghana have mostly positive perceptions of physical activity and that they would like an in-person physical activity program. Participants were especially interested in a group-based program. In each focus group, participants shared the need for accountability and that they enjoyed being active with friends and family. The results also showed a need for education on government physical activity guidelines and how to meet them. These findings can be used as the first step to adapting and delivering a physical activity program in Ghana through a partnership between researchers and those who will teach or organize the program. This approach includes community-level decision making to make sure the program is a good fit in the intended delivery system. Manuscript 3 was a study about bringing an effective older adult physical activity program to Extension in a rural state (population 585,501). Results suggested that Extension health educators have positive views of physical activity programs, but they perceive barriers in delivering these programs. The program that was studied reached older adults who needed it, but most Extension health educators did not want to deliver the program. Changes to the Extension system may be needed to help more educators deliver physical activity programs. Overall, results of the three manuscripts provided evidence and suggestions for Extension staff to improve physical activity program implementation through using evidence-based programs and characteristics, thinking about the perceptions of end users prior to starting a program, and making system-level changes that promote physical activity program adoption.

An increasing number of older adults is experiencing mental health problems, which may result from loneliness and social isolation. Although research has noted the positive impact that community programs might have on the social connectedness of older adults, there is a scarcity of research exploring older male adults' experiences in these programs. Men's Sheds, developed in Australia in the 1990's, is one program that integrates older men into the community. Men's Sheds have recently begun in Manitoba, allowing me the opportunity to develop a theoretical model of the processes of involvement of older male adults in this program. I conducted in-depth interviews with Men's Sheds participants (N = 12), and analyzed data using constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006). Findings provide insight into participants’ experiences throughout their initial, current, and continued involvement in Men’s Sheds, which may serve as a model for community organizations attempting to increase participation among this demographic.

An increasing number of older adults is experiencing mental health problems, which may result from loneliness and social isolation. Although research has noted the positive impact that community programs might have on the social connectedness of older adults, there is a scarcity of research exploring older male adults' experiences in these programs. Men's Sheds, developed in Australia in the 1990's, is one program that integrates older men into the community. Men's Sheds have recently begun in Manitoba, allowing me the opportunity to develop a theoretical model of the processes of involvement of older male adults in this program. I conducted in-depth interviews with Men's Sheds participants (N = 12), and analyzed data using constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006). Findings provide insight into participants’ experiences throughout their initial, current, and continued involvement in Men’s Sheds, which may serve as a model for community organizations attempting to increase participation among this demographic.

"The purpose of this study is to make an investigation of the amount and type of recreation provided by the towns and communities in Eastland County, Texas, to determine the extent to which the recreation programs meet or fail to meet criteria for such community recreation programs." -- leaf 1

Yes / A program of Compassionate City or Community (CC) has been designed and developed in the City of Vic (43,964 habitants, Barcelona, Spain), based on The Compassionate City Charter and other public health literature and experiments, with the joint leadership of the City Council and the Chair of Palliative Care at the University of Vic, and as an expansion of a comprehensive and integrated system of palliative care. Methods: The program started with an assessment of needs of the city as identified by 48 social organizations with a foundational workshop and a semi-structured survey. After this assessment, the mission, vision, values and aims were agreed. The main aims consisted in promoting changes in social and cultural attitudes toward the end of life (EoL) and providing integrated care for people with advanced chronic conditions and social needs such as loneliness, poverty, low access to services at home, or conflict. The selected slogan was “Living with meaning, dignity, and support the end of life”. Results: The program for the first year has included 19 activities (cultural, training, informative, and mixed) and followed by 1,260 attendants, and the training activities were followed by 147 people. Local and regional sponsors are funding the initiative. After a year, a quantitative and qualitative evaluation was performed, showing high participation and satisfaction of the attendants and organizations. In the second year, the care for particular vulnerable people defined as targets (EoL and social factors described before) will start with volunteers with more organizations to join the project. Conclusions: The key identified factors for the initial success are: the strong joint leadership between social department of the Council and the University; clear aims and targets; high participation rates; the limited size of the geographical context; which allowed high participation and recognition; and the commitment to evaluate results.

This study examines mentors’ perspective and level of satisfaction with the elements of effective practices among girl mentoring programs in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The sample consisted of mentors who served at-risk girls. The variables analyzed included the following: recruitment, screening, training, matching, monitoring, support, and closure. Explanatory design was used to generate the study and the purposive and snowball sampling was utilized to gather the analysis. A total of 125 respondents participated in the study. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that mentors are overall satisfied with their experience with mentoring girls. Among the best practice elements the screening, matching, and monitoring and support were the greatest predictors of mentor satisfaction.

Subject of this thesis are the issues concerning financial subsidies from the EU funding instruments. The thesis focuses on education, science and research, and briefly describes their current situation in the Czech Republic. The main possible instruments financing these areas are the Structural Funds and the Community Programs. In the second part, there is given detailed instructions on how to prepare an application for a grant. The instructions are more amenable to the Operational Programs administrated in the Czech Republic, but its principles and structure of the project cycle can be used for any project or application.

No description available.