<p> The purpose of this study is to investigate the McMaster commuter distribution. The total analysis is carried out in two subanalyses. The first analysis examines the effect that different variables have on the mean trip length of various commuter groups. The variables examined in the first analysis are: residential tenure, occupation, duration of service or study, parking permit ownership and part-time versus full-time status of students. In general the first analysis is concerned with the mean trip length of on campus Faculty, Staff, and Students. The first analysis verified that residential tenure is an important variable in that students who commute from the homes of parents average a considerably greater mean trip length than students who commute from rented accommodation.</p> <p> The second analysis employs a disaggregate singly-constrained spatial interaction model to distribute trips between McMaster and student residential locations. The second analysis shows that: (i) the production-constrained model fits considerably better with observed data when the sample is partitioned into student renter and stay at home groups than when the sample is not partitioned. The attractiveness factors were varied between the two groups. Renters were considered to be attracted to renter occupied dwellings in a zone while students commuting from the homes of parents were considered to be attracted to the number of owner occupied dwellings in a zone. (ii) straight line distance as a surrogate for travel cost yields a better fit for the renter group while automobile travel-time facilitates a better fit for the stay at home group. Auto travel time yields a better fit for peripheral trips because of the tendency for these trips to be made by car. Given the understanding that student renters are predominantly bus users who have chosen to locate close to the campus, euclidean distance is apparently more reflective of the travel impedance experienced by this group. Future research should attempt to qualitatively link measures of travel cost with the client group they are attempting to model.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

No description available.

This study examined the retention and graduation patterns of a cohort of students at one baccalaureate, public, commuter campus. Quantitative and Qualitative data were analyzed to develop a campus specific retention model (risk model). The results of this study are used to inform retention initiatives on this campus. Recommendations for a specific strategy to improve the year-to-year student retention rate and improve the 6-year graduation rate are made based on the findings of this study. / Educational Psychology

National statistics regarding subsidized commuting suggest that employer-based transit subsidies may be inaccessible to the vast majority of the working poor. My main purpose with this study is to increase our understanding of employer-based transit subsidies from a transport justice perspective. I apply the theory of transport justice developed by Karel Martens to evaluate whether the provision of transit subsidies varies significantly by income, and whether the subsidies are significantly associated with accessibility as measured by daily trip levels. I use worker-level data from household travel surveys for 10 of the 22 largest MPOs in the U.S., organized into 7 cases: 1) Atlanta; 2) Baltimore and Washington, DC; 3) Denver; 4) Los Angeles and San Diego; 5) New York and Newark; 6) Philadelphia; and 7) San Francisco. In each of the 7 cases, the odds of being offered a transit subsidy were significantly lower for workers in the 1st income quintile compared to workers in the 4th and 5th income quintiles, even after controlling for other relevant worker and employer characteristics. I found a lack of evidence, in most cases, that transit subsidies are significantly associated with accessibility, both in terms of daily trip levels for low-income workers and daily trip differentials between income groups. Given my finding that low-income workers are the least likely to have access to employer-based transit subsidies, policymakers may consider reform alternatives, such as commuter benefit ordinances, a refundable tax credit for commuting expenses, or alternatives such as income- and location-based subsidies for transit that may support all trip purposes. I hope this study will serve as a reference for policymakers deliberating commuter benefit reforms as well as strategies to support affordable access to opportunities for the working poor. / Ph. D. / National statistics for subsidized commuting suggest employer-based transit subsidies are inaccessible to the majority of the working poor. Using a transport justice theoretical frame, this quantitative study used worker-level data from household travel surveys to evaluate whether employer-based transit subsidies vary by income, and whether the subsidies are associated with accessibility. The data were organized into 7 cases: 1) Atlanta; 2) Baltimore and Washington, DC; 3) Denver; 4) Los Angeles & San Diego; 5) New York and Newark; 6) Philadelphia; and 7) San Francisco. In each of the 7 cases, the odds of being offered a transit subsidy were significantly lower for workers in the 1st income quintile compared to workers in the 4th and 5th income quintiles, even after controlling for other relevant worker and employer characteristics. In most cases, I did not find a significant association between transit subsidies and accessibility. This study may serve as a reference for policymakers deliberating commuter benefit reforms as well as strategies to support affordable access to opportunities for the working poor.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo central verificar e analisar, através dos trabalhadores pendulares da Aglomeração Urbana do Nordeste (AUNe) do Rio Grande do Sul que se deslocavam por meio de transporte coletivo, os determinantes do movimento pendular na região no ano de 2012. Esses determinantes são um indicativo relevante de dimensionamento do mercado de trabalho, assim como de desenvolvimento regional, e a importância de estudálos, especificamente por meio dos trabalhadores, se faz devido à difusão das tendências urbanas ocorridas nos grandes centros, pelo potencial que esse movimento tem em se alastrar pelo território nacional e, fundamentalmente, em razão do crescimento das cidades de porte médio e das aglomerações urbanas no interior do país. O suporte teórico que dá sustentação ao surgimento dessas aglomerações é encontrado nas teorias dos lugares centrais e dos polos de crescimento, pois é através das relações dinâmicas e das disparidades da distribuição das atividades econômicas no espaço geográfico ou no espaço econômico que a teoria da polarização auxilia na compreensão da hierarquização das regiões e dos efeitos da mobilidade da população. Metodologicamente, foi utilizada uma survey que consistiu em uma pesquisa através da aplicação de questionários a uma amostra de 430 trabalhadores pendulares da AUNe. Buscando as atividades fora do município de residência, além de oferecer melhores condições econômicas/financeiras, o trabalhador pendular reforça as transformações no espaço geoeconômico com suas movimentações cotidianas, refletindo numa dinâmica socioeconômica diferenciada, evidenciando a atração que os polos acabam exercendo sobre as outras regiões e, também, como se constitui o mercado de trabalho que se estabelece por lógicas distintas. Além do retrato do perfil dos trabalhadores pendulares que se deslocam na AUNe, a pesquisa apontou que é forte a tendência dos efeitos da polarização sobre o mercado de trabalho nesta região, e que esses efeitos são proporcionados pela cidade de porte médio de Caxias do Sul, que apresentou maior movimento centrípeto, sendo responsável por cerca de 45% dos destinos dos trabalhadores pendulares na região. Com as exceções das cidades de Santa Tereza e Monte Belo do Sul, todas as demais cidades apresentaram uma pendularidade cruzada. Ao fim foi observado que existem dois tipos de determinantes que atuam sobre o trabalhador pendular, sendo eles: o determinante de estímulo – o qual pode ser relacionado ao fator ou motivador primário que fez com que o indivíduo procurasse atividades de trabalho em outro município; e o determinante de continuidade – o qual é pertinente ao motivo pelo qual o indivíduo não migra para a cidade em que trabalha, dando vida e realizando continuamente o movimento pendular. Analisando os dois determinantes, os resultados apontam que o primeiro reforça a teoria de que, mesmo numa aglomeração urbana interiorana, o motivo dominante inicial nas decisões do trabalhador ainda é de natureza econômica, enquanto o determinante de continuidade agrega na discussão teórica do movimento pendular os fatores sociais, os quais passam a ser o motivo dominante na continuidade deste fenômeno. Assim, pode-se inferir que a hipótese certamente se confirma, pois ficou evidenciado que o movimento pendular de trabalhadores é influenciado por fatores que compõem dois tipos de determinantes, sendo que no determinante de continuidade estão incluídos fatores distintos daqueles apresentados pelo determinante inicial de estímulo. / The aim of this thesis is to verify and analyze the commuting determinants at the Northeast Urban Agglomeration of Rio Grande do Sul (NeUA) in the year 2012 through the commuter workers who traveled in this urban agglomeration by public transport. These determinants are a relevant indicator of the labor market as well as the regional development. The importance of studying these determinants through the workers is due to the diffusion of the urban tendencies occurring in the large centers, the potential of commuting to spread throughout the country, and primarily because of the growth of medium-size cities and urban agglomeration within the country. The theoretical framework that supports the emergence of these agglomeration is found within Central Place Theory and Growth Pole Theory, since it is through the dynamic relations and the disparities in the distribution of economic activities at geographic or economic space that the polarization theory helps to comprehend the hierarchization of the regions and the effects of the population mobility. Methodologically, a survey was conducted that included the application of questionnaires in a sample of 430 commuter workers of the NeUA. Seeking for activities outside the city of residence, the commuter worker improves his economic/financial condition and, in addition, reinforces the transformation at geo-economic space with his daily movements. This reflects a different socioeconomic dynamic and highlights both the attraction that the pole ends up exercising over other regions as well as the conditions of the labor market, which are established by different logics. Besides the profile picture of the commuter workers, the research pointed out that there is a strong tendency for the polarization effects on the labor market in the study region. The research revealed that those effects are provided by the medium-size city of Caxias do Sul, which showed a greater centripetal movement, being responsible for almost 45% of the commuters’ destination of this region. With the exception of Santa Tereza and Monte Belo do Sul, all other cities within the NeUA presented a cross commuter. At the end, it was observed that two types of determinants exist that operate over the commuter: the determinant of stimulus – which can be related to the primary motivator or factor that led the person to seek for work activities in another city; and, the continuity determinant – associated with the reason why the person does not migrate to the city in which he works, given life and continuation to commuter. Analyzing those two determinants, the results indicated that the first one reinforces the theory that even in an inland urban agglomeration the first dominant motive over the workers' decision continues to be of economic nature, while the continuity determinant adds to the commuter theoretical discussion social factors, which become the dominant motives in the continuity of this phenomenon. Thus, it can be inferred that the hypothesis is confirmed because it was evident that the commute of workers is influenced by factors that comprehends two types of determinants. Is important to add, that was revealed that in the continuity determinant are included other factors than those presented by the determinant of stimulus.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo central verificar e analisar, através dos trabalhadores pendulares da Aglomeração Urbana do Nordeste (AUNe) do Rio Grande do Sul que se deslocavam por meio de transporte coletivo, os determinantes do movimento pendular na região no ano de 2012. Esses determinantes são um indicativo relevante de dimensionamento do mercado de trabalho, assim como de desenvolvimento regional, e a importância de estudálos, especificamente por meio dos trabalhadores, se faz devido à difusão das tendências urbanas ocorridas nos grandes centros, pelo potencial que esse movimento tem em se alastrar pelo território nacional e, fundamentalmente, em razão do crescimento das cidades de porte médio e das aglomerações urbanas no interior do país. O suporte teórico que dá sustentação ao surgimento dessas aglomerações é encontrado nas teorias dos lugares centrais e dos polos de crescimento, pois é através das relações dinâmicas e das disparidades da distribuição das atividades econômicas no espaço geográfico ou no espaço econômico que a teoria da polarização auxilia na compreensão da hierarquização das regiões e dos efeitos da mobilidade da população. Metodologicamente, foi utilizada uma survey que consistiu em uma pesquisa através da aplicação de questionários a uma amostra de 430 trabalhadores pendulares da AUNe. Buscando as atividades fora do município de residência, além de oferecer melhores condições econômicas/financeiras, o trabalhador pendular reforça as transformações no espaço geoeconômico com suas movimentações cotidianas, refletindo numa dinâmica socioeconômica diferenciada, evidenciando a atração que os polos acabam exercendo sobre as outras regiões e, também, como se constitui o mercado de trabalho que se estabelece por lógicas distintas. Além do retrato do perfil dos trabalhadores pendulares que se deslocam na AUNe, a pesquisa apontou que é forte a tendência dos efeitos da polarização sobre o mercado de trabalho nesta região, e que esses efeitos são proporcionados pela cidade de porte médio de Caxias do Sul, que apresentou maior movimento centrípeto, sendo responsável por cerca de 45% dos destinos dos trabalhadores pendulares na região. Com as exceções das cidades de Santa Tereza e Monte Belo do Sul, todas as demais cidades apresentaram uma pendularidade cruzada. Ao fim foi observado que existem dois tipos de determinantes que atuam sobre o trabalhador pendular, sendo eles: o determinante de estímulo – o qual pode ser relacionado ao fator ou motivador primário que fez com que o indivíduo procurasse atividades de trabalho em outro município; e o determinante de continuidade – o qual é pertinente ao motivo pelo qual o indivíduo não migra para a cidade em que trabalha, dando vida e realizando continuamente o movimento pendular. Analisando os dois determinantes, os resultados apontam que o primeiro reforça a teoria de que, mesmo numa aglomeração urbana interiorana, o motivo dominante inicial nas decisões do trabalhador ainda é de natureza econômica, enquanto o determinante de continuidade agrega na discussão teórica do movimento pendular os fatores sociais, os quais passam a ser o motivo dominante na continuidade deste fenômeno. Assim, pode-se inferir que a hipótese certamente se confirma, pois ficou evidenciado que o movimento pendular de trabalhadores é influenciado por fatores que compõem dois tipos de determinantes, sendo que no determinante de continuidade estão incluídos fatores distintos daqueles apresentados pelo determinante inicial de estímulo. / The aim of this thesis is to verify and analyze the commuting determinants at the Northeast Urban Agglomeration of Rio Grande do Sul (NeUA) in the year 2012 through the commuter workers who traveled in this urban agglomeration by public transport. These determinants are a relevant indicator of the labor market as well as the regional development. The importance of studying these determinants through the workers is due to the diffusion of the urban tendencies occurring in the large centers, the potential of commuting to spread throughout the country, and primarily because of the growth of medium-size cities and urban agglomeration within the country. The theoretical framework that supports the emergence of these agglomeration is found within Central Place Theory and Growth Pole Theory, since it is through the dynamic relations and the disparities in the distribution of economic activities at geographic or economic space that the polarization theory helps to comprehend the hierarchization of the regions and the effects of the population mobility. Methodologically, a survey was conducted that included the application of questionnaires in a sample of 430 commuter workers of the NeUA. Seeking for activities outside the city of residence, the commuter worker improves his economic/financial condition and, in addition, reinforces the transformation at geo-economic space with his daily movements. This reflects a different socioeconomic dynamic and highlights both the attraction that the pole ends up exercising over other regions as well as the conditions of the labor market, which are established by different logics. Besides the profile picture of the commuter workers, the research pointed out that there is a strong tendency for the polarization effects on the labor market in the study region. The research revealed that those effects are provided by the medium-size city of Caxias do Sul, which showed a greater centripetal movement, being responsible for almost 45% of the commuters’ destination of this region. With the exception of Santa Tereza and Monte Belo do Sul, all other cities within the NeUA presented a cross commuter. At the end, it was observed that two types of determinants exist that operate over the commuter: the determinant of stimulus – which can be related to the primary motivator or factor that led the person to seek for work activities in another city; and, the continuity determinant – associated with the reason why the person does not migrate to the city in which he works, given life and continuation to commuter. Analyzing those two determinants, the results indicated that the first one reinforces the theory that even in an inland urban agglomeration the first dominant motive over the workers' decision continues to be of economic nature, while the continuity determinant adds to the commuter theoretical discussion social factors, which become the dominant motives in the continuity of this phenomenon. Thus, it can be inferred that the hypothesis is confirmed because it was evident that the commute of workers is influenced by factors that comprehends two types of determinants. Is important to add, that was revealed that in the continuity determinant are included other factors than those presented by the determinant of stimulus.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo central verificar e analisar, através dos trabalhadores pendulares da Aglomeração Urbana do Nordeste (AUNe) do Rio Grande do Sul que se deslocavam por meio de transporte coletivo, os determinantes do movimento pendular na região no ano de 2012. Esses determinantes são um indicativo relevante de dimensionamento do mercado de trabalho, assim como de desenvolvimento regional, e a importância de estudálos, especificamente por meio dos trabalhadores, se faz devido à difusão das tendências urbanas ocorridas nos grandes centros, pelo potencial que esse movimento tem em se alastrar pelo território nacional e, fundamentalmente, em razão do crescimento das cidades de porte médio e das aglomerações urbanas no interior do país. O suporte teórico que dá sustentação ao surgimento dessas aglomerações é encontrado nas teorias dos lugares centrais e dos polos de crescimento, pois é através das relações dinâmicas e das disparidades da distribuição das atividades econômicas no espaço geográfico ou no espaço econômico que a teoria da polarização auxilia na compreensão da hierarquização das regiões e dos efeitos da mobilidade da população. Metodologicamente, foi utilizada uma survey que consistiu em uma pesquisa através da aplicação de questionários a uma amostra de 430 trabalhadores pendulares da AUNe. Buscando as atividades fora do município de residência, além de oferecer melhores condições econômicas/financeiras, o trabalhador pendular reforça as transformações no espaço geoeconômico com suas movimentações cotidianas, refletindo numa dinâmica socioeconômica diferenciada, evidenciando a atração que os polos acabam exercendo sobre as outras regiões e, também, como se constitui o mercado de trabalho que se estabelece por lógicas distintas. Além do retrato do perfil dos trabalhadores pendulares que se deslocam na AUNe, a pesquisa apontou que é forte a tendência dos efeitos da polarização sobre o mercado de trabalho nesta região, e que esses efeitos são proporcionados pela cidade de porte médio de Caxias do Sul, que apresentou maior movimento centrípeto, sendo responsável por cerca de 45% dos destinos dos trabalhadores pendulares na região. Com as exceções das cidades de Santa Tereza e Monte Belo do Sul, todas as demais cidades apresentaram uma pendularidade cruzada. Ao fim foi observado que existem dois tipos de determinantes que atuam sobre o trabalhador pendular, sendo eles: o determinante de estímulo – o qual pode ser relacionado ao fator ou motivador primário que fez com que o indivíduo procurasse atividades de trabalho em outro município; e o determinante de continuidade – o qual é pertinente ao motivo pelo qual o indivíduo não migra para a cidade em que trabalha, dando vida e realizando continuamente o movimento pendular. Analisando os dois determinantes, os resultados apontam que o primeiro reforça a teoria de que, mesmo numa aglomeração urbana interiorana, o motivo dominante inicial nas decisões do trabalhador ainda é de natureza econômica, enquanto o determinante de continuidade agrega na discussão teórica do movimento pendular os fatores sociais, os quais passam a ser o motivo dominante na continuidade deste fenômeno. Assim, pode-se inferir que a hipótese certamente se confirma, pois ficou evidenciado que o movimento pendular de trabalhadores é influenciado por fatores que compõem dois tipos de determinantes, sendo que no determinante de continuidade estão incluídos fatores distintos daqueles apresentados pelo determinante inicial de estímulo. / The aim of this thesis is to verify and analyze the commuting determinants at the Northeast Urban Agglomeration of Rio Grande do Sul (NeUA) in the year 2012 through the commuter workers who traveled in this urban agglomeration by public transport. These determinants are a relevant indicator of the labor market as well as the regional development. The importance of studying these determinants through the workers is due to the diffusion of the urban tendencies occurring in the large centers, the potential of commuting to spread throughout the country, and primarily because of the growth of medium-size cities and urban agglomeration within the country. The theoretical framework that supports the emergence of these agglomeration is found within Central Place Theory and Growth Pole Theory, since it is through the dynamic relations and the disparities in the distribution of economic activities at geographic or economic space that the polarization theory helps to comprehend the hierarchization of the regions and the effects of the population mobility. Methodologically, a survey was conducted that included the application of questionnaires in a sample of 430 commuter workers of the NeUA. Seeking for activities outside the city of residence, the commuter worker improves his economic/financial condition and, in addition, reinforces the transformation at geo-economic space with his daily movements. This reflects a different socioeconomic dynamic and highlights both the attraction that the pole ends up exercising over other regions as well as the conditions of the labor market, which are established by different logics. Besides the profile picture of the commuter workers, the research pointed out that there is a strong tendency for the polarization effects on the labor market in the study region. The research revealed that those effects are provided by the medium-size city of Caxias do Sul, which showed a greater centripetal movement, being responsible for almost 45% of the commuters’ destination of this region. With the exception of Santa Tereza and Monte Belo do Sul, all other cities within the NeUA presented a cross commuter. At the end, it was observed that two types of determinants exist that operate over the commuter: the determinant of stimulus – which can be related to the primary motivator or factor that led the person to seek for work activities in another city; and, the continuity determinant – associated with the reason why the person does not migrate to the city in which he works, given life and continuation to commuter. Analyzing those two determinants, the results indicated that the first one reinforces the theory that even in an inland urban agglomeration the first dominant motive over the workers' decision continues to be of economic nature, while the continuity determinant adds to the commuter theoretical discussion social factors, which become the dominant motives in the continuity of this phenomenon. Thus, it can be inferred that the hypothesis is confirmed because it was evident that the commute of workers is influenced by factors that comprehends two types of determinants. Is important to add, that was revealed that in the continuity determinant are included other factors than those presented by the determinant of stimulus.

This work's objective is to create a type design of a new commuter class airplane according to CS-23 certification specifications. The design will take under account the EV-55 design to reduce the number of new parts and subassemblies. Part of this thesis are mass balance of the new design, basic airplane dimensions and fuselage dimensions estimates. The critical crossection of the fuselage is analyzed (stress analysis) and the system drawings is worked out.

I juni år 2017 invigdes Citybanan och pendeltågsstationen Stockholm City. I samband med och efter stationens öppnande har flertalet synpunkter från resenärer samlats in gällande stationens utformning och trafikinformation efter att brister i stationens miljö upptäcktes. Konsultföretaget Sweco har därför på uppdrag av Trafikverket utrett bristerna på Stockholm City för att sedan komma med förbättringsförslag. Utredningen visade på en osäkerhet hos resenärerna för hur de skulle agera vid ankomster med korta pendeltåg. Det visade sig att resenärerna inte visste vart de skulle placera sig på stationen, att de ofta fick springa för att hinna med och ibland till och med missade ett kort pendeltåg på grund av bristfällig vägledning. Uppsatsen syftar därför till att undersöka hur människor agerar i stationsmiljö, mer specifikt på pendeltågsstationen Stockholm City genom observationer. Observationerna av totalt 800 resenärer skapar en förståelse för hur den fysiska miljön och trafikinformationen påverkar människans agerande när de ska placera sig på plattformen i väntan på sitt korta pendeltåg. Uppsatsens genomförda fältstudier och observationsstudier analyseras med metoden observiarie för att fånga upp enskilda resenärers ageranden och beteenden. De observerade resenärerna klustras sedan till fem olika resenärsidentiteter: den bestämda målsökaren, den självsäkra, gruppresenären, sökaren och den svårpåverkade för att förklara resenärernas agerande på en pendeltågsstation och varför somliga tycks missa sin avgång. / In June 2017, Citybanan and the commuter train station Stockholm City opened. In connection with the opening and after the opening, The Swedish Transport Administration gathered commuters' feedback regarding the station's overall design, environment and traffic information. The consulting company Sweco was also hired on behalf of the Swedish Transport Administration to identify the shortcomings of the station and to propose potential suggestions for further improvement. According to Sweco's investigation, there was uncertainty among travelers regarding how they should act upon arrivals with short commuter trains. The passengers did not know where to locate at the station, they often had to run to catch the train and sometimes some travelers even missed the short commuter train due to inadequate guidance and traffic information. This essay, therefore, aims to explore how individuals act in station environments, more specifically at Stockholm City commuter train station through observations. The observations of a total of 800 passengers help to create an understanding of how the physical environment and traffic information affect human actions when they have to navigate on the platform while waiting for a short commuter train. The essays completed field studies and observations are analyzed using observiarie as a method to capture the actions and behaviors of individual travelers. The passengers are then also clustered into five different passenger identities: the determined target seeker, the confident, the group traveler, the seeker, and finally the difficult to influence, to further explain passengers' actions at a commuter train station and explain why some travelers seem to miss their departure when short commuter trains arrives.

Efficient public transportation provides economic and social opportunities that increase accessibility to markets and employment as well as providing investment benefits. Key challenges to the U.S. public transportation industry include developing modes and increasing the availability of public transportation in a manner that meets the needs of individual users in a cost effective manner. A problem facing public transportation officials is the need to understand the factors that influence consumer decision-making and consumer attitudes toward public transportation. Feedback regarding experiences as well as expectations from commuters provides information for developing and improving public transportation. Thus, decision-making factors of end-users are keys to improving supply, growth, and understanding utilization of public transportation. Public transportation officials seek to improve the public transportation experience for commuters by increasing modes and benefits of the systems. The decision-making factors of the end-users require identification and examination in order to provide a high quality and efficient experience for commuters. The research questions of interest in the current dissertation are: (1) What are the decision-making factors affecting commuters’ attitudes toward public transportation? and (2) How do the end-user decision-making factors affect the supply of public transportation? The purpose of this research is to extend the current body of knowledge about decision-making factors by developing and testing a new theoretical model to measure the attitudes of public transportation end-users. This study has its theoretical foundation in the theory of planned behavior, theory of reasoned action, and rational choice theory. To understand how public transportation is affected by decision-making factors, it is necessary to analyze the relationships among the decision factors and attitudes. The findings of this study contribute by building theory and having implications for practice. This study employs a mixed methodology of qualitative and quantitative research. More specifically, the development of a framework and testing of that framework via collection of data using a survey instrument, semi-structured interviews, and data scraping of customer comments underpin the methodology employed in this study. To this end, Essay 1 develops a conceptual framework of decision-making factors that affect the supply of public transportation based on the extant literature. The integrated framework developed is operationalized using a survey to test a model that depicts the framework within the context to which the study was situated. The results of the structural model using PLS provide insights for the development of public transportation. Essay 2 involves two phases in the methodology. First, the study develops a causal loop that depicts the operationalized conceptual framework from Essay 1. Second, discussion panels were conducted to confirm the system dynamic causal loop visualization that was developed to fit the model. Finally, Essay 3 examines the conceptual framework developed and tested in the prior essays by analyzing electronic word of mouth (eWOM) of online comments. The third essay examines eWOM of current public transportation users that is available online. This eWOM data was examined using text mining and the resulting quantitative output was compared to the operationalized theoretical framework from the prior works. The results also illustrate the functionality of text analytics for confirmatory model assessment.