The growth of private motor vehicle grows rapidly each year have negative impact not only forthe extra contribution of air pollution but also to time wasting. That impact can lead todecreasing of people quality life. Public transportation is one of the solutions for the problem.Therefore, the shift from private motor vehicle user to public transportation, in other wordincreasing market share of public transportation, is necessary. One of the public transportationthat can attract more market share is railways. It has large capacity, high safety level, and freefrom traffic jam. Those characteristic makes railway as primary public transportation.Indonesian railways nowadays have lot of problems and receive many complaints from thepassenger. Train travel is still colored with the delay, limited well-condition vehicle, and uncleartrain travel information that often disadvantage passengers, and many of services offered werefailed to attract passengers. These conditions result in decreasing quality of services andinsufficient railways operation. This will be a barrier to Indonesian railways accomplishment inmaking it to be a reliable and sustainable transport mode. Therefore, to improve market shareand to improve the railway condition, it necessary to have contractual governance withstandard that can lead to costumer satisfaction and making the process improve therelationship between the stakeholders. This lead to the problem of what is the customersatisfaction factors in using railway as their transport, what service quality item that satisfiedthe passenger, and how contract can maintain the relationship between the stakeholders.Finding in this thesis consist of several point. First, from the customer satisfaction index, thecustomers of Jabodetabek commuter train are not satisfied with the service. Second, theanalysis discovered that there are four factors that have high correlation with overallsatisfaction. The four factors are equipment and facility, assurance, competency, and traveltime and appearance. The attributes is grouping into five SERVQUAL dimension. Fromregression analysis of SERVQUAL dimensions there are two service items that influence thecustomer satisfaction; assurances and tangibles. Third, from gap analysis there are gaps inservice process that need to be closed in order to deliver service quality which lead tocustomer satisfaction in railway operational. Fourth, from contract analysis can be concludedthat present condition PT.KAI as the operator cannot perform as it is stated in contract. Thiscan be influenced by many factors such as; the lack of infrastructure, the lack of vehicle,customer misbehavior, staff misbehavior and external factors. In delivering service qualitywhich can lead to customer satisfaction, it is recommended to improve the service that relatedto assurances and tangible items and to involves passengers in controlling and improvingrailway operational. The result expected from the improvement is the increase of overallperformance of railway operation which can lead to the increase customer satisfaction andmarket share. From side of contractual governance, the research discovered that there areproblem in contract clausal and relationship between DGR, PT. KAI and people as customer ofrailway service. The recommendation is to include customer complains in setting contractclausal that can make DGR, PT. KAI and people as customer in mutualism developingrelationship.

Flourishing economy, rapid industrialization and increasing trend of motorization have been shaping societies in the developing countries like India in an unprecedented manner.Infrastructure backlog amid such rapid growth in all imaginable directions has heavily exacerbated the urban transport crisis in these countries by alarming increase in vehicular travel demand, road fatalities, and environmental pollution. To address urban transport challenges, the necessary development and implementation of effective transport planning and policies have generally lagged in the developing countries compared to that seen in the developed countries due to several constraints including resource constraints, knowledge constraints, institutional constraints and so on. However, in the recent past, with the rapid development seen by several emerging economies and the explosive growth in transportation infrastructure investment, there is a growing interest in the development and implementati on of advanced travel demand modeling systems in developing countries. But lack of necessary research and exploration of travel behavior in a developing country context has left very limited knowledge for us to understand the extent of applicability of these advanced theories and methodologies in a different socio-cultural perspective. Assessing the practical relevance of the subject, this research adopts a comprehensive approach to explore the activity engagement pattern and time use behavior from a developing country standpoint. To accomplish this goal, a series of empirical and analytical studies are performed on a household travel survey data set available from Thane Metropolitan Area in India. The study also introduces new concepts and facilitates enhancements of existing modeling methodologies in the field of travel behavior and time use research. The study results provide very insightful findings and plausible interpretations consistent with a developing country perspective reco gnizing a wide spectrum of differences and similarities in activity patterns and time use behavior between a developed and a developing country. Specified model structures are meaningfully able to incorporate various socio-cultural and institutional constraints and reflected sensitivity to the behavioral variability between the contexts suggesting that advanced analytical techniques may be satisfactorily applied on the data set from developing countries which may contribute important ingredients in the development of advanced activity-based model system in the countries like India.

Rooted in the theories of urban entrepreneurialism, this dissertation employs a political economy framework as a means of analyzing urban governance and economic development in the contemporary US city. This case study of Orlando adds to our understanding of how entrepreneurial narratives are being applied to transportation infrastructure projects in pursuit of local economic development. The empirical case study explores the relationship between planning narratives, urban governance and economic development in the establishment of the SunRail commuter rail system in central Florida. I present the political history of economic development and the role of local boosters in shaping the sociospatial distribution of urban infrastructure and public investment in Central Florida. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology, the case study is based on a series of extended interviews with transportation planners, urban policymakers and community leaders in the Orlando area. The empirical data was complemented with official documents and archival records concerning the planning of transit-oriented developments along the SunRail system. This research presents the current efforts of Central Florida boosters to apply governance approaches to reshape the urban form and to direct the ensuing flows of capital investment through the restructuring of the region’s transportation infrastructure and employing planning narratives that draw heavily on creating amenity growth strategies. Local boosters expect that by providing dense development corridors through the region, including transit-oriented development centers, the city will have met the pre-conditions for attracting private capital investment. Specifically, local leaders are seeking to attract investment by the type of firms that will provide high-wage jobs to the region to balance the glut of low-wage service sectors jobs found in the region’s theme park industry. In the case of Central Florida, early private investment in SunRail adjacent property has come from local firms that tend to have a high level of local fixity and existing investments in the Orlando market.

This thesis deal with extended EV-55 version concept according to CS/FAR- 23 Commuter category specifications. Thesis objectives are design weights determination, mass analysis, calculation of aeroplane performances and comparison of aeroplane performances with current aeroplane.

abstract: Many college campuses institute residency requirements intended to provide intentional support, engagement, and assistance in the transition into life as a first-year college student. However, first-year students opting to continue living at home with family and commuting to campus each day has become a growing trend. This group of students can often be more sizable than some may assume and their developmental needs can be consistent with those of their on-campus peers. The objective of this mixed-methods action research study was to better understand how peer-to-peer experiences and opportunities are perceived and to describe and explore the concept of social capital and sense of belonging within the first-year commuter student population. This feeling of isolation can often expand to a lack of campus involvement and engagement in social opportunities. As a result of the perceived needs of this growing first-year commuter student population, a peer mentoring program was launched as a pilot to localize, personalize, and support students by providing a peer student leader in the form of a commuter peer mentor (CPM). Results from the qualitative and quantitative data collected as a part of this study demonstrated that first-year students value specific and easily-identified resources made available to their unique need cases and while many first-year commuter students may feel well supported and connected academically, they articulated challenges with social connections within the university setting. The understandings gained from this action research can inform higher education and student affairs practitioners as they seek to establish or improve programs, resources, and practices that intentionally and thoughtfully support first-year commuter students. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Leadership and Innovation 2020

The current study examined the impact of a recently restarted football program and a new on-campus stadium on the alumni and students of a Division I FCS commuter school. Results showed that alumni felt more connected to the university because of the new football program, they were more satisfied with their overall game-day experience, and the new football stadium was more likely to increase their game attendance when compared to students. Supplementary analysis highlights key differences in how each group rated individual elements of the game-day experience and the mediums used by each group for obtaining team-related information.

År 2020 slog coronapandemin till i norden och ett av de områden som kom att bli drabbat var Greater Copenhagen vilket är ett samarbete mellan Sverige och Danmark med Öresundsbron som förbindelse. Restriktionerna som begränsade antalet människor som kunde vistas på en och samma plats var en av de primära åtgärderna för att minska smittspridningen av Covid-19 och till följd påverkades Greater Copenhagens rörelsemönster inklusive Öresundsbrons. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera rörelsemönstret över Öresundsbron under Covid-19-pandemin 2019 till 2021, samt föra en diskussion gällande Greater Copenhagens hantering av rörelsemönstret och restriktionerna under pandemin. Metod: För att få svar på frågeställningarna har det samlats in sekundärdata från olika institutioner och författare. Vidare kommer detta att jämföras och diskuteras med hjälp av teori och tidigare forskning. Resultat: Det framkom att coronapandemin haft en inverkan på Greater Copenhagens rörelsemönster och framförallt Öresundsbron. Med en minskning av cirka 3 000 000 fordon mellan åren 2019-2020 till följd av restriktioner och Danmarks gränsstängning. Det framkommer att under sommarmånaderna 2020 och 2021 var trafiken som allra högst. Vidare noteras att antalet fordon över Öresundsbron som mest var 5 496 bilpendlarresor per dag under 2019 medan motsvarande statistik för 2020 visar att siffran endast var 2 025 bilpendlarresor per dag. Detta visar att utvecklingen av rörelsemönstret drabbats av pandemin. / In 2020, the corona pandemic began spreading through the Nordic countries and one of the affected areas was Greater Copenhagen, which is a collaboration between Sweden and Denmark which are connected through the Öresund bridge. When restrictions were introduced, these became the primary measures to reduce the spread of Covid-19 and as a result, Greater Copenhagen's movement patterns, including the Öresund Bridge, were affected. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the movement pattern over the Öresund Bridge during the Covid-19 pandemic 2019 to 2021, and to have a discussion regarding Greater Copenhagen's handling of the movement pattern and the restrictions during the pandemic. Method: To answer the questions, secondary data was collected from various institutions and authors. Furthermore, this will be compared and discussed with the help of theories and previous research. Results: It emerged that the corona pandemic had an impact on Greater Copenhagen's movement patterns and, above all, the Öresund Bridge. With a reduction of approximately 3,000,000 vehicles between the years 2019-2020 as a result of restrictions and the border closure of Denmark. It appears that during the summer months of 2020 and 2021, traffic was at its highest. Furthermore, it is noted that the number of vehicles over the Öresund Bridge was 5,496 car commuter trips per day in 2019, while the corresponding statistics for 2020 show that the figure was only 2,025 car commuter trips per day. This shows that the development of the movement pattern was affected by the pandemic.

Sport associations is something almost everybody knows and maybe has experience of. Through associations many lessons and experiences are created that you carry with you throughout your life, this shows the relevance that it should remain. Today we live in adigitized society where social media plays a major role in everyday life in various ways. In order to be seen and show that you exist today, it is of great advantage to be actively present in social media. This includes companies as well as individuals but also sports associations. The purpose of this study is to make a deeper understanding of how small sports associations act and how they use their website and social media. To get an idea about the sports associations' activity and content in their media channels, how this is perceived by recipients and demonstrate the relevance of digital presence. The focus oft his study is on the associations' perspective. This qualitative study has collected data through in-depth interviews with four sports associations with one respondent as are presentative from each association. The selection for the study is based on a selected Swedish commuter municipality near big city and its existing sports associations that have a website, Facebook and Instagram. As a result of the interviews, a smaller focus group interview was conducted with respondents connected to the selected municipality as well as followers in social media of sports associations. The results of this study show that the sports associations act openly and have good communities and that the experience of them is positive. The use of the website and social media is difficult to compare and generalize as it is individually adapted based on the needs of each association. The associations considered it important to have an active presence, especially in social media, in order to reach out and spread their presence online. For the most part, the associations publish various forms of information that are perceived to be appreciated. The message in the content is considered to reach out and it is well received by recipients. / Idrottsföreningar är något de flesta känner till och möjligtvis har erfarenhet av. Genom föreningslivet skapas många lärdomar och upplevelser som man bär med sig genom hela livet, detta visar på relevansen av att det ska finnas kvar. Idag lever vi i ett digitaliserat samhälle där sociala medier tar stor plats i vardagen på olika sätt. För att synas och visa  på att man finns idag är det med stor fördel att vara aktivt närvarande i sociala medier. Detta omfattar såväl företag som individer men också idrottsföreningar. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur små idrottsföreningar agerar och hur de använder sig av sin hemsida och sina sociala medier. För att få en uppfattning kring idrottsföreningarnas aktivitet och innehåll i sina mediekanaler, hur detta upplevs av mottagare samt påvisa relevansen av digital närvaro. Tyngdpunkten i denna studie ligger på föreningarnas perspektiv. Denna kvalitativa studie har samlat in data genom djupgående intervjuer med fyra idrottsföreningar med en respondent som representant från varje förening. Urvalet till studien baseras på en utvald svensk pendlingskommun nära storstad samt dess befintliga idrottsföreningar som har en hemsida, Facebook och Instagram. Till följd av intervjuerna genomfördes en mindre fokusgruppintervju med respondenter i koppling till utvald kommun samt följare i sociala medier till idrottsföreningar. Resultatet i denna studie visar på att idrottsföreningarna agerar öppet och innehar goda gemenskaper samt att upplevelsen av dem är positiv. Användningen av hemsida samt sociala medier är svårt att jämföra och generalisera då det är individuellt anpassat utifrån respektive förenings behov. Föreningarna ansåg att det är betydelsefullt med en aktiv närvaro, framförallt i sociala medier, för att nå ut och sprida sin befintlighet online. Till största del publicerar föreningarna olika former av information som upplevs vara uppskattat. Budskapen i innehållen anses nå ut och tas emot väl av mottagare.

為了解目前我國通勤家庭概況，以及通勤家庭中父母管教方式（要求、反應）、親子互動關係（身體互動、心理互動）和子女憂鬱、焦慮行為表現的差異。乃以國民中學學生共1229人為研究對象，蒐集到113份有效通勤樣本，採用個人基本資料表、家庭社經地位調查表、父母管教方式量表、親子互動關係量表、柯氏性格量表等研究工具，獲得所需資料，再以單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、Scheffe’事後考驗、多元逐步迴歸法等統計方法進行分析。結果發現： 1、 通勤家庭樣本數約為全部樣本9%左右，其中父親通勤佔全數樣本4.5%，母親通勤佔2.1%，父母皆通勤佔2.6%。樣本男女比例平均。父親多從事工商業，而母親多為無業或家庭主婦等工作。 2、 在「父親通勤」、「母親通勤」、「父母皆通勤」等家庭中，子女與父母親的心理互動皆少於「父母皆不通勤」的家庭。 3、 在「父親通勤」家庭中，父親對子女行為表現的要求較少於「父母皆不通勤」的家庭。子女與父親的心理互動，及與母親的身體互動關係，和其憂鬱表現間，存有顯著負相關。 4、 在「母親通勤」家庭中，母親對子女的反應較少於「父母皆不通勤」或「父母皆通勤」的家庭。對子女行為的要求，較少於「父母皆不通勤」的母親。母親對子女行為的反應程度和其憂鬱表現間，存有顯著負相關的關係。子女與父親的心理互動，與其憂鬱表現間，存有顯著負相關。子女與父親的心理互動及與母親的心理互動和子女焦慮行為表現間，存有顯著負相關。 5、 在「父母皆通勤」家庭中，子女與母親的心理互動，與其憂鬱表現間，具有顯著負相關。 6、 就全體通勤家庭而言：母子心理互動和父子心理互動為預測子女憂鬱行為（總異量13.8%）、焦慮行為（總變異量7.4%）的重要變項。 7、 就「父親通勤」家庭而言：（1）通勤間距、母子（女）心理互動為預測子女憂鬱行為（總變異量14.6%）、焦慮行為（總變異量14.1%）的重要變項%。 8、 就「母親通勤」家庭而言：(1)母親對子女行為表現的要求及反應為預測子女憂鬱行為（總變異量40.2%）的重要變項。(2)父子（女）心理互動、母親的反應為預測子女焦慮行為（總變異量45.1%）的重要變項。 9、 就「父母皆通勤」家庭而言：母子心理互動為預測子女憂鬱行為（14.2%）的重要變項。 本研究根據上述研究結果加以討論，並針對家庭教育、學校教育、社會教育，以及未來研究方向等四方面，提出數點建議，以供後續研究及父母管教、親子互動等親職教育方案規劃的參考。

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo o estudo das relações espaciais potencializadas por uma rede de transporte ferroviário que extrapolasse os limites da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, mostrando-se como possibilidade para a transformação qualitativa do espaço em direção à sua homogeneização. Para isso, buscou-se construir um conjunto de referências de infraestrutura e serviços ferroviários para o transporte de passageiros a partir dos sistemas europeus, sobretudo o sistema francês. Simultaneamente, foram levantadas e analisadas criticamente as políticas recentes voltadas para implementação desse tipo de infraestrutura no estado de São Paulo, visando estabelecer um panorama sobre os preceitos envolvidos na sua elaboração. Por f im, a p artir d a a valiação e i nterpretação de t odos e sses a spectos, o trabalho propõe dois ensaios: um primeiro de caráter conceitual, buscando estruturar a prática de planejamento para os novos sistemas; e um segundo de caráter propositivo, para a conformação de uma rede ferroviária integrada entre as diferentes escalas hierárquicas traçadas. / This research aims to study the spatial relations as result of a railway transportation network, which extrapolates the limits of the Metropolitan Region o f S ão P aulo, and xplores t he p ossibilities o f a qualitative transformation of the space towards its homogenization. Firstly, the work assemble references concerning infrastructure and railway services in the Western-European context, notably the French railway system. Secondly, the various recent policies of railway system\'s implementation in the state of São Paulo were gathered and analyzed, setting up an overview of their elaborations\' directives. Finally, the work proposes two essays: a) a conceptional one, which set bases for planning practices for new railway transportation systems; and b) a propositional one, which defines an integrated railway network between the different hierarchic scales.