Matua prairie grass has a potential to extend the grazing season in Virginia due to its higher early spring and fall production. However, little is known about the compatibility of Matua prairie grass with legumes or the effects of legumes on the yield and quality of Matua prairie grass/legume mixtures. An experiment was conducted in 1998 and 1999 to investigate the botanical composition, yield, and chemical composition of Matua prairie grass grown with legumes. Legume treatments consisting of ladino clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and annual lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea) were drilled into a Matua prairie grass stand. Nitrogen was applied once each fall at two treatment levels of 0 or 84 kg/ha. The experiment was arranged in a randomized split block design with four replications. Legume treatments had no effect on percentage Matua prairie grass or total dry matter yield in 1998. However, in 1999 the ladino clover and red clover treatments increased (P<0.05) total dry matter yield, but also resulted in a substantial decrease (P<0.05) in percentage Matua prairie grass. Nitrogen application in the fall of 1998 had a residual effect (P<0.05) on the percentage Matua prairie grass and yield in 1999. The highest response to nitrogen fertilization occurred in the harvest immediately after fertilization, in October of 1999, which resulted in the largest increase (P<0.05) in percentage Matua prairie grass and yield, and the greatest decrease (P<0.05) in percentage legumes. The legume and nitrogen treatments similarly influenced the chemical composition of the Matua prairie grass/legume mixed forage. Ladino clover, red clover, and alfalfa treatments generally improved forage quality as indicated by a decrease (P<0.05) in NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, and cellulose, and an increase (P<0.05) in CP and IVDMD. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence the chemical composition of the forages to the same extent as the legume treatments, as a decrease in fiber components and an increase in CP and IVDMD were observed due to nitrogen. Overall, alfalfa appeared to be most compatible with Matua prairie grass, and the incorporation of alfalfa into a Matua prairie grass stand resulted in some improvements in total dry matter yield and nutritive value of the forage, without the detrimental suppression of Matua prairie grass. / Master of Science

An ad hoc wireless network is an infrastructure-less, autonomous system of nodes connected through wireless links. In many current applications of ad hoc wireless networks, individual wireless nodes are autonomous, rational, and intelligent and are often referred to as selfish nodes, following game theoretic terminology. In an ad hoc wireless network, a typical node may be an intermediate node of a route from a source node to a destination node and therefore is often required to forward packets so as to enable communication to be established. Selfish nodes may not always forward the packets since the forwarding activity consumes the node’s own resources. Such behavior by individual nodes may lead to suboptimal situations where nodes, through their actions, lead to a state that is undesirable from an overall network viewpoint. To counter this, there is a need to stimulate cooperation through methods such as providing appropriate incentives. In this thesis, our interest is in designing rigorous incentive based methods for stimulating cooperation among wireless nodes, in the specific context of broadcast. In particular, we address the Incentive Compatible Broadcast problem: how do we design broadcast protocols that induce truth revelation by the individual wireless nodes? We do this using a game theory and mechanism design framework. Incentive compatibility of broadcast protocols could manifest in two forms: (1) Dominant Strategy Incentive Compatibility (DSIC) (also called strategy-proofness) and (2) Bayesian incentive compatibility (BIC). A DSIC broadcast protocol is one which makes it a best response for every wireless node to reveal its true type, regardless of what the other nodes reveal. A BIC broadcast protocol is one which makes truth revelation a best response for a node, given that the other nodes are truthful. The DSIC property is stronger and more desirable but more difficult to achieve. On the other hand, the BIC property is much weaker and easier to achieve. In this thesis, we first design a DSIC broadcast protocol for ad hoc networks using the well known VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) mechanisms and investigate its properties and performance. Next, we design a BIC broadcast protocol, investigate its properties, and compare its performance with that of the DSIC broadcast protocol. Both the protocols developed in this thesis provide an elegant solution to the incentive compatible broadcast problem in ad hoc networks with selfish nodes and help stimulate cooperation among the selfish wireless nodes.

A large software system is built by composing multiple programs, possibly developed independently. The component programs communicate by sharing data. Data sharing involves creation of instances of the shared data by one program, called the producer, and its interpretation by another program, called the consumer. Valid instances of shared data and their correct interpretation is usually specified by a protocol or a standard that governs the communication. If a consumer misinterprets or does not handle some instances of data produced by a producer, it is called as a data compatibility bug. Such bugs manifest as various forms of runtime errors that are difficult to find and fix. In this work, we define various compatibility relations, between both producer-consumer programs and version-related programs, that characterize various subtle requirements for correct sharing of data. We design and implement a static analysis to infer types and guards over elements of shared data and the results are used for automatic compatibility checking. As case studies, we consider two widely used shared data-the TIFF structure, used to store TIFF directory attributes in memory, and IEEE 802. 11 MAC frame header which forms the layer 2 header in Wireless LAN communication. We analyze and check compatibility of 6 pairs of producer-consumer programs drawn from the transmit-receive code of Linux WLAN drivers of 3 different vendors. In the setting of version-related programs, we analyze a total of 48 library and utility routines of 2 pairs of TIFF image library (libtiff) versions. We successfully identify 5 known bugs and 1 new bug. For two of known bugs, bug fixes are available and we verify that they resolve the compatibility issues.

Previous studies have established that when a subject’s attention is directed to a specific body part, the subject is able to move that body part faster than a body part their attention was not drawn to. This is known as the body compatibility effect, and it has been shown that this effect only occurs when viewing upright images of the human body. In this study, we presented control subjects and expert acrobats with inverted and upright stimuli. We hypothesized that the amount of time the acrobats spent inverted would result in the acrobats exhibiting body compatibility effects for both upright and inverted stimuli. Compatibility effects were observed in the upright condition for both groups, but neither group exhibited any compatibility effects in the inverted position. Unexpectedly the acrobats responded significantly faster to incongruent trials compared to the control subjects, leading to the conclusion that there must be some form of priming occurring concurrently with the body compatibility task allowing the acrobats to respond faster than the control participants.

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti neurotizmo, ekstraversijos, atvirumo patyrimui, sutariamumo ir sąžiningumo bruožų prognostinę vertę muzikos mokytojų faktiniam ir/ar suvokiamam suderinamumui su savo profesija. Tyrime dalyvavo 174 muzikos mokytojai. Tiriamųjų imtį sudarė 110 (63,2%) moterų ir 64 vyrai (36,8%). Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojamas J. L. Holland Profesinio kryptingumo klausimynas (1996) (angl. Vocational Preference Inventory), Penkių didžiųjų faktorių inventorius (angl. Big Five Inventory) (John et al., 1991), suvokiamam muzikos mokytojų suderinamumui su profesija nustatyti buvo užduodamas klausimas, tiriamųjų prašant įvertinti savo suderinamumą su muzikos mokytojo profesija. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad didėjant muzikos mokytojų faktinio suderinamumo su profesija išreikštumui, didėja ir suvokiamas suderinamumas su savo profesija. Buvo nustatyta, kad atvirumo patyrimui ir sutariamumo bruožai prognozuoja aukštesnio lygio vyrų muzikos mokytojų faktinį suderinamumą su profesija, tačiau ekstraversijos ir sąžiningumo bruožai neturi prognostinės vertės vyrų muzikos mokytojų faktiniam suderinamumui su profesija. Atvirumo patyrimui bruožas prognozuoja aukštesnio lygio moterų muzikos mokytojų faktinį suderinamumą su profesija, tačiau ekstraversijos, sutariamumo ir sąžiningumo bruožai neturi prognostinės vertės moterų muzikos mokytojų faktiniam suderinamumui su profesija. Tyrimo rezultatai taip pat parodė, kad atvirumo patyrimui bruožas prognozuoja aukštesnio lygio muzikos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to identify the predictive value of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness features to music teachers’ actual and/or perceived compatibility with the profession. There were 174 music teachers in the study. Research sample consisted of 110 (63,2%) women and 64 (36,8%) men. The study was carried out using Vocational Preference Inventory (Holland, 1996), Big Five Inventory (John et al., 1991), to establish perceived music teachers‘ compatibility with profession, the participants of the study were asked the question, asking to assess their compatibility with the music teaching profession. The results of the study showed, that if increases expression of the actual music teachers’ compatibility with the profession, increases and perceived music teachers’ compatibility with the profession. It was established, that openness to experience and agreeableness features predict a higher level of male music teachers’ actual compatibility with the profession, but neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness features have not predictive value to male music teachers’ actual compatibility with the profession. Openness to experience feature predicts a higher level of female music teachers’ actual compatibility with the profession, but neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness features have not predictive value to female music teachers’ actual compatibility with the profession. The results of the... [to full text]

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / Telemetry operation is used extensively on a typical Department of Defense (DOD) test range to transfer data from an airborne transmitter to a ground receiver. The conventional telemetry systems employed are usually narrow-band systems. When a large number of airborne transmitters need to transfer data simultaneously to a ground station, a spread spectrum modulation scheme can be used. The drawback of such a scheme, however, is the large emission bandwidth required. The present frequency channeling plans in the telemetry band do not support frequency approval of large bandwidth data telemetry systems. However, a key requirement for obtaining the frequency approval can be satisfied if it can be shown that the spread spectrum modulated signal does not interfere with other systems in the same band. That is, the spread spectrum telemetry systems (SSTS’s) are feasible if these systems are electromagnetically compatible with the existing narrow-band telemetry receivers (NBTR’s) in their immediate environment. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC between the SSTS transmitters and the conventional NBTR would promise the beginning of a new era for the telemetry operations on a DOD test range. This paper develops a methodology to establish the EMC between multiple airborne transmitters of an SSTS employing the code division multiple access (CDMA) technique and a ground-based conventional NBTR on a typical DOD test range operating simultaneously in the same band. The paper calculates the electromagnetic interference (EMI) levels between the SSTS and the NBTR to establish the EMC between the two systems.

Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Due to the expensive nature of high frequency measurements in the EMC (Electromagnetic Compatability) field, more affordable methods of measurement instrumentation and environments are investigated. Different calibration methods for an Automatic Network Analyser (ANA) are evaluated against each other to determine the most cost-effective method of calibration. The mathematics for all the calibration methods are used in MATLAB programs which perform the error-calculation and correction which is usually done by the ANA software. These programs can be used to develop a simplified homebuilt ANA at reduced cost. The MATLAB program calibrations are compared to actual ANA calibrations to determine accuracy. Different measurement environments are considered as well to decide on a best compromise between cost and accuracy. To achieve this a reverberation chamber was built in which measurements were done and compared to measurements done on an Open Area Test Site. The Device Under Test was a standard radiator constructed specifically for such measurements. The development of both the radiator and the reverberation chamber are discussed and all the measurement results are considered in this thesis.

<p>Software evolution is a crucial activity for software organizations. A specifc type of software evolution is the integration of previously isolated systems. The need for integration is often a consequence of different organizational changes, including merging of previously separate organizations. One goal of software integration is to increase the value to users of several systems by combining their functionality, another is to reduce functionality overlap. If the systems are completely owned and controlled in-house, there is an additional advantage in rationalizing the use of internal resources by decreasing the amount of software with essentially the same purpose. Despite in-house integration being common, this topic has received little attention from researchers. This thesis contributes to an increasing understanding of the problems associated with in-house integration and provides guidelines to the more efficient utilization of the existing systems and the personnel.</p><p>In the thesis, we combine two perspectives: software architecture and processes. The perspective of software architecture is used to show how compatibility analysis and development of integration alternatives can be performed rapidly at a high level of abstraction. The software process perspective has led to the identification of important characteristics and practices of the integration process. The guidelines provided in the thesis will help those performing future in-house integration to make well-founded decisions timely and efficiently.</p><p>The contributions are based on several integration projects in industry, which have been studied systematically in order to collect, evaluate and generalize their experiences.</p>

Aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins most frequently associated with the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus flavus. These potent toxins pose serious health threats and their concentrations in foods are widely regulated. Maize, a critical staple of billions, is frequently contaminated with aflatoxins. Development of commercial maize hybrids with superior resistance to aflatoxin contamination has been sought for over 30 years without success. Analyses of native maize land races (MLRs) from Mexico revealed several accessions with significant resistance to both aflatoxin contamination and fungal reproduction. Physical barriers are important components of MLRs resistance. Traditional use of MLRs may reduce human exposure to aflatoxins. MLRs may contribute resistant genes of significant value in breeding for aflatoxin resistance. In Mexico, maize is produced from<10 to over 2,000 masl. Elevation had only minor influence on community compositions of aflatoxin-producing fungi associated with maize over three years in Sonora, Mexico. Most variation in community structure occurred between years. Dominant vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) differed among years but were detected in similar frequencies across four agroecological zones. Multiple locations and multiple years must be sampled to obtain realistic assessments of the most successful VCGs. Elevated frequencies of VCG YV150 throughout Sonora during 2006 led to investigate genetic diversity within this VCG using microsatellite loci. The 2006 increases were attributed to rapid increase of a single clone. Examination of YV150 isolates collected over 20 years in the US and Mexico revealed several haplotypes and two genetically distinct populations, which were composed of isolates containing only a population specific mating-type idiomorph. Microsatellite loci in each population were in gametic equilibrium. Gene flow between isolates with different idiomorphs was not detected. VCG YV36, to which the biocontrol agent AF36 belongs, was found to be endemic to Mexico. Microsatellite loci revealed diversity within YV36 from Mexico, but all isolates harbored the single nucleotide polymorphism in the aflatoxin polyketide synthase gene, pksA, that confers atoxigenicity to AF36. Three YV36 isolates also had deletions in pksA suggesting continued degradation. Presence of endemic YV36 isolates in Mexico may facilitate rapid regulatory approval of AF36 for use in prevention of aflatoxin contamination of maize in Mexico.

This thesis concerns selective attention in the context of the Stroop task (identify the colour) and Reverse Stroop task (identify the word). When a person is asked to select and identify one dimension of a bidimensional stimulus (e. g. , the word RED printed in green) the typical finding is that the word influences colour identification (i. e. , the Stroop effect) but the colour does not influence word identification (i. e. , no Reverse Stroop effect). A major account of performance in these tasks posits that one dimension interferes with the other only when a translation occurs (e. g. , Roelofs, <i>Psychological Review, 2003</i>; Sugg & McDonald, <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 1994</i>; Virzi & Egeth, <i>Memory & Cognition, 1985</i>). This translation assumption is implicit in virtually all work in the field. The first part of this thesis completely undermines the translation assumption. In a series of four experiments (two unique paradigms), I demonstrate that interference from the colour in a Reverse Stroop task occurs in the absence of a translation. The second part of this thesis contains two additional experiments designed to discriminate between translation effects and response conflict effects. The results of these experiments confirm that a translation was not required because no stimulus conflict effect, the most likely locus of a translation effect, was observed. However, response conflict effects were observed. The third part of this thesis implements a computational model based on the principle that the strength of association (Cohen, Dunbar, & McClelland, <i>Psychological Review, 1990</i>) between a specific stimulus and its response (Logan, </i>Psychological Review, 1988</i>) is important in determining the influence of the irrelevant dimension. This model has no translation mechanism. A final experiment was conducted to test this model; the model accounted for over 98% of the variance in RTs and 92% of the variance in interference and facilitation scores in both the Stroop and Reverse Stroop tasks independent of whether a translation was required.