The cooperation between the United States and China in central Asia is not only a kind of bilateral cooperation; they concern their mutual interests and also refer to the interests of central Asia. No matter China could accept the international reality or not, China must face the challenges after the United States enters central Asia. A safe central Asia will help China, Europe and west Asia to establish a stable connection; it will also cause better economic development and promote the international status and influence of China. The long-term interests of China in central Asia will depend on the cooperation between other superpowers, so China must strengthen the cooperation between America and Russia in order to stable the safety of central Asia. Besides, central Asia plays an important role on the economic and military safety of China. Therefore, in order to maintain the stable development and power balance in central Asia, the United States and China must keep the competitive and cooperative relationship in the future.

Detecção de outliers desempenha um importante papel para descoberta de conhecimento em grandes bases de dados. O estudo é motivado por inúmeras aplicações reais como fraudes de cartões de crédito, detecção de falhas em componentes industriais, intrusão em redes de computadores, aprovação de empréstimos e monitoramento de condições médicas. Um outlier é definido como uma observação que desvia das outras observações em relação a uma medida e exerce considerável influência na análise de dados. Embora existam inúmeras técnicas de aprendizado de máquina para tratar desse problemas, a maioria delas não faz uso de conhecimento prévio sobre os dados. Técnicas de aprendizado semissupervisionado para detecção de outliers são relativamente novas e incluem apenas um pequeno número de rótulos da classe normal para construir um classificador. Recentemente um modelo semissupervisionado baseado em rede foi proposto para classificação de dados empregando um mecanismo de competição e cooperação de partículas. As partículas são responsáveis pela propagação dos rótulos para toda a rede. Neste trabalho, o modelo foi adaptado a fim de detectar outliers através da definição de um escore de outlier baseado na frequência de visitas. O número de visitas recebido por um outlier é significativamente diferente dos demais objetos de mesma classe. Essa abordagem leva a uma maneira não tradicional de tratar os outliers. Avaliações empíricas sobre bases artificiais e reais demonstram que a técnica proposta funciona bem para bases desbalanceadas e atinge precisão comparável às obtidas pelas técnicas tradicionais de detecção de outliers. Além disso, a técnica pode fornecer novas perspectivas sobre como diferenciar objetos, pois considera não somente a distância física, mas também a formação de padrão dos dados / Outloier detection plays an important role for discovering knowledge in large data sets. The study is motivated by plethora of real applications such as credit card frauds, fault detection in industrial components, network instrusion detection, loan application precoessing and medical condition monitoring. An outlier is defined as an observation that deviates from other observations with respect to a measure and exerts a substantial influence on data analysis. Although numerous machine learning techniques have been developed for attacking this problem, most of them work with no prior knowledge of the data. Semi-supervised outlier detection techniques are reçlatively new and include only a few labels of normal class for building a classifier. Recently, a network-based semi-supervised model was proposed for data clasification by employing a mechanism based on particle competiton and cooperation. Such particle competition and cooperaction. Such particles are responsible for label propagation throughout the network. In this work, we adapt this model by defining a new outlier score based on visit frequency counting. The number of visits received by an outlier is significantly different from the remaining objects. This approach leads to an anorthodox way to deal with outliers. Our empirical ecaluations on both real and simulated data sets demonstrate that proposed technique works well with unbalanced data sets and achieves a precision compared to traditional outlier detection techniques. Moreover, the technique might provide new insights into how to differentiate objects because it considers not only the physical distance but also the pattern formation of the data

Past discussions about paradigm shift mostly put emphasis on evolution, exploiting paradigm shift or not and exist or not. Existence or not problem basically fall into block logic and expire the possibility of recombination. The dissertation explore the happening of paradigm shift according to the loading on China shipping forwarder market from 1987-2001 for Taiwan shipping forwarders, focus on exploring happening than evolution. In the second chapter about literature reviews, the dissertation explore merchant economy context analysis approach instead of usual industrial economy analysis more fit with the specialty of service industry about shipping forwarder industry. And make definition about paradigm and paradigm shift analysis in the merchant economy context. This dissertation build the methodology in oral history and action research. The third chapter introduce a case study to describe the 15 years loading on China shipping market process with the view of Taiwan shipping forwarders. The forth chapter explore the pre-loading on paradigm in Taiwan and the fifth one the post-loading on paradigm in China market. The opposite paradigm appreciate the difference and content. Then, according to merchant economy context analysis approach to create four propositions to present the happening of paradigm shift including the inspiration of paradigm shift, the progress of paradigm shift, the development of paradigm shift, and the fulfilling of paradigm shift. New findings take much look the inspiration of paradigm shift with truly recombination happened, secondly, entrepreneurial make the progress of paradigm shift as positive adjustment and adoption to fit with local law regulations instead of abidance. Keeping with competition and cooperation relationship apply further the new resources in the development of paradigm shift. Finally, entrepreneurial concentration the ownership and control will fulfill paradigm shift.

This thesis aims at examining the main motives for mergers and acquisitions with special reference to the effect of globalization on these business strategies and making a comparative analysis of the Turkish merger control rules with that of the EU and the Central and Eastern European Countries so as to evaluate to what extent the Turkish legislation is in harmony with the Community acquis and whether the EU membership process had the same effect on the introduction of merger control rules in Turkey and in these ex-candidate countries.

The first chapter reports experiments with payoff-equivalent public good and common pool games. Behavior of high-caste and low-caste Indian villagers is compared with behavior of American students in terms of economic surplus foregone or destroyed by failure of cooperation in the public good and common pool games. When information about caste is withheld no significant difference is observed in the efficiency of play between villagers and student subjects at American universities for both the public good game and the payoff-equivalent common pool game. Providing caste information leads to: (i) the lowest level of efficiency when low-caste first movers interact with a low-caste second mover, and (ii) the highest levels of efficiency when high-caste first movers engage with a high-caste second mover. Cross-caste play generates intermediate levels of efficiency. In my second chapter I examine competition and cooperation across genders and castes in India and compare the data with incentivized laboratory experiments across genders and races in the US. High-caste males (India) and White males (U.S.) choose to compete the most and are universally cooperative. In India females compete more and cooperate less when they are paired with other females but not with males. The level of cooperation among the females of either race (US) is lower than that of the White males but is insignificantly different from the level of cooperation among the African American males. In my third chapter I conducted artifactual field experiments in rural India with variations of dictator and ultimatum games. Eight treatments are played: in four we provide information that the other player is the spouse and in the remaining four variations spouse information is not provided. When subjects are unaware of playing with their spouses, they choose to keep the dictator role for themselves or not empower the other player. Male spouses make higher offers in general relative to female spouses. The divisions in these games (no spouse information) are far less equitable than in dictator games with student subjects. We find more concern for procedural fairness when subjects know they are playing with their spouses than when they do not have this information.

Detecção de outliers desempenha um importante papel para descoberta de conhecimento em grandes bases de dados. O estudo é motivado por inúmeras aplicações reais como fraudes de cartões de crédito, detecção de falhas em componentes industriais, intrusão em redes de computadores, aprovação de empréstimos e monitoramento de condições médicas. Um outlier é definido como uma observação que desvia das outras observações em relação a uma medida e exerce considerável influência na análise de dados. Embora existam inúmeras técnicas de aprendizado de máquina para tratar desse problemas, a maioria delas não faz uso de conhecimento prévio sobre os dados. Técnicas de aprendizado semissupervisionado para detecção de outliers são relativamente novas e incluem apenas um pequeno número de rótulos da classe normal para construir um classificador. Recentemente um modelo semissupervisionado baseado em rede foi proposto para classificação de dados empregando um mecanismo de competição e cooperação de partículas. As partículas são responsáveis pela propagação dos rótulos para toda a rede. Neste trabalho, o modelo foi adaptado a fim de detectar outliers através da definição de um escore de outlier baseado na frequência de visitas. O número de visitas recebido por um outlier é significativamente diferente dos demais objetos de mesma classe. Essa abordagem leva a uma maneira não tradicional de tratar os outliers. Avaliações empíricas sobre bases artificiais e reais demonstram que a técnica proposta funciona bem para bases desbalanceadas e atinge precisão comparável às obtidas pelas técnicas tradicionais de detecção de outliers. Além disso, a técnica pode fornecer novas perspectivas sobre como diferenciar objetos, pois considera não somente a distância física, mas também a formação de padrão dos dados / Outloier detection plays an important role for discovering knowledge in large data sets. The study is motivated by plethora of real applications such as credit card frauds, fault detection in industrial components, network instrusion detection, loan application precoessing and medical condition monitoring. An outlier is defined as an observation that deviates from other observations with respect to a measure and exerts a substantial influence on data analysis. Although numerous machine learning techniques have been developed for attacking this problem, most of them work with no prior knowledge of the data. Semi-supervised outlier detection techniques are reçlatively new and include only a few labels of normal class for building a classifier. Recently, a network-based semi-supervised model was proposed for data clasification by employing a mechanism based on particle competiton and cooperation. Such particle competition and cooperaction. Such particles are responsible for label propagation throughout the network. In this work, we adapt this model by defining a new outlier score based on visit frequency counting. The number of visits received by an outlier is significantly different from the remaining objects. This approach leads to an anorthodox way to deal with outliers. Our empirical ecaluations on both real and simulated data sets demonstrate that proposed technique works well with unbalanced data sets and achieves a precision compared to traditional outlier detection techniques. Moreover, the technique might provide new insights into how to differentiate objects because it considers not only the physical distance but also the pattern formation of the data

Bibliographic note Ertürk, Saadet (2019). The Rise of China and its Implications for Western Development Cooperation Policy. Master Thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies, Supervisors: Dr. Michal Parízek & Dr. Sebastian Ziaja. Abstract Recently new donors are beginning to challenge the international aid architecture of traditional Western donors by providing huge amounts of foreign aid to Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries without political conditions attached, thereby undermining the bargaining power and influence of OECD DAC donors. Especially Chinas new role as aid donor causes a lot of scepticism among researchers. This master thesis investigates whether OECD DAC donors changed their aid allocation policies and patterns in response to rising Chinese foreign aid activities in SSA countries. So far, the literature investigating the relationship between foreign aid provided by traditional Western donors and aid by the Chinese government has been limited mostly due to the lack of accurate data on Chinese foreign aid. This study makes use of a new dataset on Chinese foreign aid flows in order to examine the response of OECD DAC donors to Chinese foreign aid activities in SSA between 2000 to 2014. It finds that contrary to current assumptions OECD DAC donors do...

高科技產業是目前台灣繼紡織工業、機械工業後引領台灣近三十年來產業發展的主流產業，其中又以ICT（Information & Communications Technology）產業是台灣高科技產業的代表。但高科技產業特徵是快速的變化，並不斷經過創新技術的發展，加劇其變化的速度，要有能力在高科技產業中持續發展，對市場趨勢、核心能力的掌握、新技術發展、人才養成、垂直整合能力、水平產業整合能力等皆需具備，才有機會在高科技產業中生存及發展。因此如何掌握企業本身的核心能力、檢視整體供應鏈價值，並提出適合之企業經營與競合策略，便是能否在高科技產業中持續發展的關鍵因素了。 觸控面板產業自2007年Apple正式推出iPhone後，觸控面板有了急速成長的開端。其中台灣在觸控面板的供應鏈中佔有超過50%的產值，是台灣在全球的又一個世界第一，值得期待，而本研究的主題”捲揚式真空濺鍍產業”正是觸控面板業中的關鍵材料製造技術。但在台灣創造另一個第一的同時，細部去分析此類產品供應鏈的成本結構，獲利最高的並非台灣廠商而是日本廠商，那麼如何提高台灣廠商在觸控面板產業的價值，答案就在如何洞悉產業及如合運用創新與競合的經營策略了。 / A high-tech industry is a mainstream industry. In Taiwan, the machinery industry is second only to the textile industry as the leading industry over three decades of industrial development. Within the machinery industry, the Information & Communications Technology (ICT) industry is representative of Taiwan's high-tech industry. However, the high-tech industry is characterised by rapid change, which results in the continuous development of innovative technologies. These changes enable companies to sustain technological development, grasp market trends, enhance core competencies, develop talent, gain vertical integration capability, and improve their chances of survival and growth in the high-technology industry. Therefore, the key to sustainable development of the high-tech industry lies in mastering the core competencies of the enterprise itself, considering the value of the overall supply chain, and adopting a suitable competition and cooperation strategy for the business. Since 2007, there has been significant growth in the touch panel industry with the official launch of the Apple iPhone. This study on the“winch vacuum sputtering industry”focuses on the Taiwan based touch panel supply chain, which is a world leader and accounts for 50% of national output value,to assess the key materials in manufacturing technology. However, establishing another successful industry in Taiwan requires additional data to analyse the cost structure of the supply chain of such products and requires assessing Japanese manufacturers in addition to the most profitable Taiwanese companies. Hence, insights from the business strategies of innovating/competing industries is likely to improve the value of Taiwanese touch panel manufacturers.

中共自1979年推行「改革開放」政策，其社會主義市場經濟進入快速成長軌道，隨著綜合國力的日漸崛起，牽動著亞太區域乃至國際地緣政治的變化，並引發周邊國家對其國家戰略及軍事意圖產生疑慮，即使中共一再闡述「和平發展」及透過對話方式，以期化解各國對其崛起發展的疑懼，但由於開放資訊程度的不透明，在短期內迭起的「中國威脅論」難以改觀。 盱衡當今全球局勢，「中」美關係的發展確是重要考量因素。美國當前全球戰略與其國家安全利益，即是防止區域霸權崛起，威脅美國的區域安全利益。面對中共的崛起，美國己展開「重返亞洲」再平衡策略等一系列的遏制舉措，中共則展現企圖掌控亞太霸權的動機極其明顯。中共與美國戰略利益衝突勢難避免，可見未來的「中」美關係將更為嚴峻，這是中共第五代領導人習近平上台後及美國總統歐巴馬第二任期內的極大挑戰。從區域政治、經濟、安全的視角，無論是亞太區域權力競合、經濟資源開發或軍事策略運作、東海及南海主權爭議等，在在影響「中」美戰略競逐與形勢消長。 美國自2008年全球金融風暴之後，經濟頹勢與財政困頓，而中共的市場經濟持續發展，對於美國恢復經濟動能十分重要。由於經濟的互賴日漸加深，雙方處於一種既競爭又合作的關係。在此種競合交錯的複雜環境下，美國重返亞洲的策略布局，已然被中共視為遏制其崛起的一大挑戰。因此，全力在經濟、外交與軍事上採取各種反制的作為。在「中」美戰略競逐的新形勢下，中共應可體認自身實力與限制因素，在國際戰略情勢中，尋求對自己最有利的位置。 / Since the People’s Republic of China (PRC) released the “Chinese Economic Reform” in 1979, its socialism-oriented market economy has gone into a fast-growing orbit. With the rise of comprehensive national power, PRC has influenced the shape of Asia-Pacific region, even the global geopolitics, and resulted in the neighboring countries’ doubt on its national strategies and military intentions. Although PRC seeks to dissolve other countries’ doubt and fear through expounding on its peaceful development and dialogue, the opacity of information makes it difficult to change their views in a short time. The development of China-United States relations is indeed a major consideration in current global situation. The global strategies and national security interests of United States are to prevent the rise of regional hegemony from threatening its regional security interests. Facing the rise of PRC, United States has implemented rebalancing strategy “Pivot to Asia” as one of the containment measures. On the other hand, the motivations which China is competing for the leadership in Asia-Pacific are obvious. The conflict of strategic interests between PRC and United States is inevitable, and their relations will be more difficult in the foreseeable future. It will be a great challenge for Xi Jinping’s administration, the PRC fifth leadership generation, and United Sates President Obama’s second term. In the perspective of regional politics, economics and security, whether the power competition in Asia-Pacific, development of economic resources, implementation of military strategies, or the sovereignty disputes in the East and South China Sea, they are all influencing the increase and decrease of the strategic competition and situation between China and United States. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, the economy and finance of United States have suffered from recession. However, the market economy of PRC is continuing to grow and plays an important role to provide momentum for United States’ economy to recover. Due to the deepening economic interdependence, the relations of both sides can be competitive and cooperative. PRC has regarded Unites States’ “Pivot to Asia ”strategy as a challenge to contain it’s rise and therefore implemented economic, diplomatic, and military countermeasures. In the new situation of China-United States strategic competition, the PRC shall be aware of its strength and limitations to find its most strategic position in the international strategic circumstances.