Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis presents a complete state estimation framework for landing an unmanned helicopter on a ship deck. In order to design and simulate an optimal state estimator, realistic sensor models are required. Selected inertial, absolute and relative sensors are modeled based on extensive data analysis. The short-listed relative sensors include monocular vision, stereo vision and laser-based sensors. A state estimation framework is developed to fuse available helicopter estimates, ship estimates and relative measurements. The estimation structure is shown to be both optimal, as it minimises variance on the estimates, and flexible, as it allows for varying degrees of ship deck instrumentation. Deck instrumentation permitted ranges from a fully instrumented deck, equipped with an inertial measurement unit and differential GPS, to a completely uninstrumented ship deck. Optimal estimates of all helicopter, relative and ship states necessary for the autonomous landing on the ship deck are provided by the estimator. Active gyro bias estimation is incorporated into the helicopter’s attitude estimator. In addition, the process and measurement noise covariance matrices are derived from sensor noise analysis, rather than conventional tuning methods. A full performance analysis of the estimator is then conducted. The optimal relative sensor combination is determined through Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that the choice of sensors is primarily dependent on the desired hover height during the ship motion prediction stage. For a low hover height, monocular vision is sufficient. For greater altitudes, a combination of monocular vision and a scanning laser beam greatly improves relative and ship state estimation. A communication link between helicopter and ship is not required for landing, but is advised for added accuracy. The estimator is implemented on a microprocessor running real-time Linux. The successful performance of the system is demonstrated through hardware-in-the-loop and actual flight testing. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bied ’n volledige sensorfusie- en posisieskattingstruktuur om ’n onbemande helikopter op ’n skeepsdek te laat land. Die ontwerp van ’n optimale posisieskatter vereis die ontwikkeling van realistiese sensormodelle ten einde die skatter akkuraat te simuleer. Die gekose inersie-, absolute en relatiewe sensors in hierdie tesis is op grond van uitvoerige dataontleding getipeer, wat eenoogvisie-, stereovisieen lasergegronde sensors ingesluit het. ’n Innoverende raamwerk vir die skatting van relatiewe en skeepsposisie is ontwikkel om die beskikbare helikopterskattings, skeepskattings en relatiewe metings te kombineer. Die skattingstruktuur blyk optimaal te wees in die beperking van skattingsvariansie, en is terselfdertyd buigsaam aangesien dit vir wisselende mates van skeepsdekinstrumentasie voorsiening maak. Die toegelate vlakke van dekinstrumentasie wissel van ’n volledig geïnstrumenteerde dek wat met ’n inersiemetingseenheid en ’n differensiële globale posisioneringstelsel (GPS) toegerus is, tot ’n algeheel ongeïnstrumenteerde dek. Die skatter voorsien optimale skattings van alle vereiste helikopter-, relatiewe en skeepsposisies vir die doeleinde van outonome landing op die skeepsdek. Aktiewe giro-sydige skatting is by die posisieskatter van die helikopter ingesluit. Die proses- en metingsmatrikse vir geruiskovariansie in die helikopterskatter is met behulp van ’n ontleding van sensorgeruis, eerder as gebruiklike instemmingsmetodes, afgelei. ’n Volledige werkingsontleding is daarna op die skatter uitgevoer. Die optimale relatiewe sensorkombinasie vir landing op ’n skeepsdek is met Monte Carlo-simulasie bepaal. Die resultate toon dat die keuse van sensors hoofsaaklik van die gewenste sweefhanghoogte gedurende die voorspellingstadium van skeepsbeweging afhang. Vir ’n lae sweefhanghoogte is eenoogvisie-sensors voldoende. Vir hoër hoogtes het ’n kombinasie van eenoogvisie-sensors en ’n aftaslaserbundel ’n groot verbetering in relatiewe en skeepsposisieskatting teweeggebring. ’n Kommunikasieskakel tussen helikopter en skip is nie ’n vereiste vir landing nie, maar word wel aanbeveel vir ekstra akkuraatheid. Die skatter is op ’n mikroverwerker met intydse Linux in werking gestel. Die suksesvolle werking van die stelsel is deur middel van hardeware-geïntegreerde simulasie en werklike vlugtoetse aangetoon.

Thesis (MComm (Logistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Suppose a lottery draw consists of forming a winning ticket by randomly choosing t m distinct numbers from a universal set Um = f1; : : : ;mg. Each lottery participant forms a set of tickets prior to the draw, each ticket consisting of n m distinct numbers from Um, and is awarded a prize if k minfn; tg or more numbers in at least one of his/her tickets matches those of the winning ticket. A lottery of this form is denoted by the quadruple hm; n; t; ki, and the prize is known as a k-prize. The participant's set of tickets is also known as a playing set. The participant may wish to form a playing set in such a way that the probability of winning a k-prize is at least 0 < 1. Naturally, the participant will want to minimise the cost of forming such a playing set, which means that the cardinality of the playing set should be as small as possible. This combinatorial minimisation problem is known as the incomplete lottery problem and was introduced by Gr undlingh [16], who also formulated a related problem called the resource utilisation problem. In this problem one attempts to select a playing set of pre-speci ed cardinality ` in such a way that the probability of winning a k-prize is maximised. Gr undlingh [16] studied the incomplete lottery problem and the resource utilisation problem in the special case where n = t. In this thesis both problems are considered in the general case where n 6= t. Exact and approximate solution methods are presented and compared to each other in terms of solution quality achieved, execution time and practical feasibility. The rst solution method involves a mathematical programming formulation of both problems. Using this solution method, both problems are solved for small lottery instances. An exhaustive enumeration solution method, which uses the concept of overlapping playing set structures [5, 16], is reviewed and used to solve both combinatorial optimisation problems for the same small lottery instances. The concept of an overlapping playing set structure is further explored and incorporated in an attempt to solve both combinatorial optimisation problems approximately by means of various metaheuristic solution approaches, including a simulated annealing algorithm, a tabu search and a genetic algorithm. The focus of the thesis nally shifts to a di erent problem involving lotteries. An investigation is conducted into the probability, P(N; ), of participants sharing a k-prize if a total of N tickets are purchased by participants of the lottery hm; n; t; ki. Special attention is a orded in this problem to the jackpot prize of the South African national lottery, Lotto, represented by the quadruple h49; 6; 6; 6i and how the value of P(N; ) is a ected by the way that participants select their playing sets. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gestel 'n lotery-trekking bestaan uit die ewekansige seleksie van 'n wenkaartjie bestaande uit t m verskillende getalle uit 'n universele versameling Um = f1; : : : ;mg. Elke lotery-deelnemer vorm 'n versameling kaartjies voor die trekking, wat elk uit n m verskillende getalle in Um bestaan, en wen 'n prys indien k minfn; tg of meer getalle in minstens een van sy/haar kaartjies ooreenstem met di e in die wenkaartjie. 'n Lotery van hierdie vorm word deur die viertal hm; n; t; ki aangedui, en die prys staan as 'n k-prys bekend. 'n Deelnemer se kaartjies staan ook as a spelversameling bekend. 'n Lotery-deelnemer mag poog om sy spelversameling s o te selekteer dat die waarskynlikheid om 'n k-prys te wen, minstens 0 < 1 is. Die deelnemer sal natuurlik die koste wat met so 'n spelversameling gepaard gaan, wil minimeer, wat beteken dat die kardinaliteit van sy spelversameling so klein as moontlik moet wees. Hierdie kombinatoriese minimeringsprobleem staan as die onvolledige lottery-probleem bekend en is vir die eerste keer deur Gr undlingh [16] bestudeer, wat ook die verwante hulpbronbenuttingsprobleem geformuleer het. In laasgenoemde probleem word daar gesoek na 'n spelversameling van vooraf-gespesi seerde kardinaliteit wat die waarskynlikheid om 'n k-prys te wen, maksimeer. Gr undlingh [16] het die onvolledige lottery-probleem en die hulpbronbenuttingsprobleem in die spesiale geval oorweeg waar n = t. In hierdie tesis word beide probleme in die algemeen oorweeg waar n 6= t. Eksakte en heuristiese oplossingstegnieke word vir beide probleme daargestel en met mekaar in terme van oplossingskwaliteit, oplossingstyd en praktiese haalbaarheid vergelyk. Die eerste oplossingstegniek behels 'n wiskundige programmeringsformulering van beide probleme. Die probleme word deur middel van hierdie benadering vir klein loterye opgelos. 'n Uitputtende enumerasietegniek, wat gebruik maak van die konsep van spelversameling oorvleuelingstrukture [5, 16], word daarna in o enskou geneem en beide kombinatoriese optimeringsprobleme word vir dieselfde klein loterye met behulp van hierdie tegniek opgelos. Die konsep van 'n spelversameling oorvleuelingstruktuur word verder ondersoek en in 'n benaderde oplossingstegniek vir beide kombinatoriese optimeringsprobleme ge nkorporeer deur gebruik te maak van verskeie metaheuristiese oplossingsbenaderings, insluitende 'n gesimuleerde afkoelingsalgoritme, 'n tabu-soektog en 'n genetiese algoritme. Die fokus in die tesis verskuif laastens na 'n ander probleem oor loterye. 'n Ondersoek word geloots na die waarskynlikheid, P(N; ), dat lottery-deelnemers 'n k-prys sal deel indien 'n totaal van N kaartjies in die lotery hm; n; t; ki gekoop word. Spesiale aandag word aan hierdie probleem geskenk in die geval van die boerpot-prys in die Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale lotery, Lotto, wat deur die viertal h49; 6; 6; 6i voorgestel word, en hoe die waarde van P(N; ) be nvloed word deur die manier waarop deelnmers hul spelversamelings selekteer.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sanita_pv_me_arafo.pdf: 1236296 bytes, checksum: 793fd4710489b2253297ebbc15835736 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A estomatite protética associada à Candida é a forma mais comum de candidíase oral e também uma das infecções oportunistas mais encontradas em pacientes infectados por HIV. Atualmente, a desinfecção de próteses totais através da irradiação por microondas tem sido recomendada para tratamento e prevenção da estomatite protética, tanto em indivíduos saudáveis, quanto em pacientes imunocomprometidos. O presente estudo avaliou a efetividade da irradiação por microondas na desinfecção de próteses totais simuladas contaminadas com 5 diferentes espécies do microorganismo Candida (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis e C. krusei) isoladas de culturas padrão e de pacientes HIV positivo. Para isso, próteses totais simuladas foram confeccionadas, esterilizadas por meio de óxido de etileno e individualmente inoculadas com os microorganismos avaliados. Após o período de incubação (48 horas a 37°C), as próteses foram submetidas à irradiação por microondas a 650W durante 3 minutos. Próteses totais não irradiadas foram utilizadas como controle positivo. A seguir, uma alíquota de 25 æL da solução resultante das diluições seriadas de 10-1 a 10-4 foi semeada em placas de Petri em duplicata e todas as placas foram incubadas por 48 horas a 37°C. As colônias foram quantificadas em ufc/mL. Para verificar a efetividade da desinfecção por microondas a longo prazo, as próteses totais irradiadas foram incubadas a 37°C por 7 dias. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de ANOVA e de Tukey (a=0.05). As próteses totais contaminadas com todas as espécies de Candida avaliadas demonstraram esterilização após irradiação por microondas durante 3 minutos a 650W. Todas as próteses do grupo controle positivo demonstraram crescimento microbiológico após incubação nas placas de Petri. / The most common form of oral candidiasis is Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Oral candidiasis is also a frequent manifestation of HIV infection. Microwave disinfection of complete dentures has been recommended to treat and prevent denture stomatitis in non-immune compromised patients. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of microwave irradiation on the disinfection of simulated complete dentures inoculated with ATCC and HIV isolates of 5 species of Candida (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis and C. krusei). Simulated complete dentures were made, sterilized and individually inoculated with the tested microorganisms. After incubation for 48 hours at 37°C, dentures were submitted to microwave irradiation (650W for 3 minutes). Non-irradiated dentures were used as positive controls. Replicate aliquots of suspensions were plated at dilutions 10-1-10-4 and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. Colonies counts (cfu/mL) of each plate were quantified. To verify the long-term effectiveness of microwave disinfection, dentures were incubated at 37°C for 7 days. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (a=0.05). The results indicated that complete dentures contaminated with all Candida yeasts showed sterilization after microwave irradiation for 3 minutes at 650W. All control dentures showed microbial growth on the plates. The cfu/mL for C. glabrata was significantly higher than those of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis whereas the cfu/mL for C. krusei was significantly lower. The cfu/mL for clinical isolates was significantly higher than those of ATCC yeasts. Microwave irradiation for 3 minutes at 650W resulted in sterilization of complete dentures contaminated with the 5 species of Candida isolated from HIV-infected patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 altieri_kt_me_arafo.pdf: 598917 bytes, checksum: 3b01564a77c1be4471454056881b7028 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Infecções causadas por bactérias resistentes a antibióticos são consideradas causa principal de mortalidade entre indivíduos imunocomprometidos e aproximadamente 50 % destas infecções tem sido relacionadas ao Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA). Estes microrganismos, quando presentes no biofilme das próteses dentarias, podem se dispersar nas secreções salivares e se disseminar pelo trato respiratório, causando pneumonia aspirativa. Assim, o presente estudo comparou a efetividade do hipoclorito de sódio a 1 %, digluconato de clorexidina a 2 % e irradiação por micro-ondas na desinfecção de próteses totais e corpos-de-prova circulares de resina acrílica para base de prótese (10 x 2 mm) contaminados com MRSA. Para isso, 36 próteses totais simuladas e 36 corpos-de-prova circulares foram confeccionados, esterilizados, inoculados com MRSA (107 ufc/mL) e incubados a 37 °C (por 24 e 48 h, respectivamente). Após incubação, próteses totais e corpos-de-prova foram distribuídos em 4 grupos de estudo (n=9): GC - não foi realizado nenhum método de desinfecção; GH - foi realizada a imersão em solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 % por 10 min; GCl -foi realizada a imersão em solução de digluconato de clorexidina a 2 % por 10 min; GM - foi realizada a desinfecção por irradiação em forno de micro-ondas a 650 W por 3 min. A efetividade dos procedimentos de desinfecção foi avaliada por meio de quantificação de colônias viáveis e da viabilidade celular. Para a quantificação de colônias viáveis, alíquotas de 25 μL da solução resultante das diluições seriadas (10-3 a 10-6 para GC e 100 a 10-3 para os grupos experimentais) foram semeadas em placas de Petri em duplicata e todas as placas foram incubadas por 48 h a 37 °C. As colônias foram quantificadas em ufc/mL. Para verificar a efetividade da desinfecção por micro-ondas em longo prazo... / Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been recognized as a predominant risk factor for mortality in elderly patients and approximately 50 % of these infections have been related to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This microorganism, when present in the denture biofilm, can be released into the oral fluids and aspirated into the lower respiratory tract, thus causing infections such as aspiration pneumonia. The present study compared the efficacy of 1 % sodium hypochlorite, 2 % chlorhexidine gluconate, and microwave irradiation in disinfecting simulated complete dentures and circular specimens of acrylic resin denture base material (10 x 2 mm) contaminated with MRSA. Thirty-six dentures and 36 specimens were made, sterilized, inoculated with MRSA (107 cfu/mL), and incubated at 37 °C (for 24 and 48 h, respectively). After incubation, dentures and specimens were divided into 4 groups of study (n=9): PC - positive control, consisting of dentures and specimens not disinfected; HY - soaking in 1 % sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min; CHL - soaking in 2 % chlorhexidine gluconate solution for 10 min; and MW - irradiating by microwave for 3 min at 650W. The effectiveness of the disinfection procedures was assessed cell viability (quantification of viable cells and XTT reduction method). For quantification procedures, aliquots of suspensions were plated at dilutions (10-3 to 10-6 for PC and 100 to 10-3 for experimental groups) and incubated (37 °C/48 h). Colonies counts (cfu/mL) were quantified. Dentures disinfected were also incubated at 37 °C for 7 days to verify the long-term effectiveness of disinfection. The viability of cells in each group of specimens was evaluated by XTT reduction method. The results showed that all dentures and specimens from the PC groups showed substantial microbial growth. No evidence of microbial growth was observed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-09-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 shibayama_r_me_araca.pdf: 3106543 bytes, checksum: c84fd00a6f34341aaf54e2572db11b66 (MD5) / Investigamos a alteração da posição dos dentes artificiais durante o processamento de próteses totais, utilizando as resinas de marcas comerciais QC 20 (Dentsply) e Onda Cryl (Clássico - específico de microondas), com inclusão em gesso e com muralha de silicone, polimerizadas tanto pelo método de banho por água quente, quanto pela polimerização por energia de microondas. Foram utilizadas 40 amostras, divididas em 4 grupos de 10, que receberam os seguintes tipos de processamento. a) grupo 1: incluídos em muflas metálicas com muralha de gesso pedra e polimerização convencional. b) grupo 2: incluídos em muflas de fibra de vidro com muralha de gesso pedra e polimerização com microondas. c) grupo 3: incluídos em muflas metálicas com muralha de silicone e polimerização convencional. d) grupo 4: incluídos em muflas de fibra de vidro com muralha de silicone e polimerização por energia de microondas. Para detecção dos deslocamentos dentais utilizamos um guia de resina acrílica com 5 pontos pré-determinados que proporcionou pontos de referência nas réplicas que permitiram mensurar tais deslocamentos através da utilização do programa de computador AutoCad. Com os resultados obtidos podemos concluir que: a) todas as amostras sofreram alteração da posição dos dentes após o processamento, b) a técnica com a menor movimentação dos dentes artificiais foi a técnica 4. / This study investigated artificial tooth movement during the procedures of complete dentures base, using two different types of resins: QC 20 (Dentsply) and OndaCryl (Clássico specify for microwave energy), with gypsum stone mould and silicone mould. We used thermopolymerization in water bath and microwave polymerization. The forty samples utilized were divided into four groups of ten, which received the following type of inclusion and processing. Group 1: included in metallic flasks with gypsum stone mould and thermopolymerization in water bath and microwave polymerization; Group 2: included in resin-fiber glass flasks with gypsum stone mold and microwave polymerization; Group 3: included in metallic flasks with silicone mold and thermopolymerization in water bath; Group 4: included in resin-fiber glass flasks with silicone mould and microwave polymerization. For the measurement of artificial tooth movement, we used a resin acrylic guide with five daily determined points which provide references points. The AutoCad R 14 computer program was utilized for the measurements. All data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test. With the results we can conclude that: a) all the samples suffer artificial tooth movement, b) the smaller artificial tooth movement happen in group four.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Vergani / Banca: Ana Cláudia Pavarina / Banca: Elaine Maria Sgavioli Massucato / Banca: Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos / Banca: Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek / Resumo: A estomatite protética é uma infecção fúngica que acomete entre 60% e 72% dos indivíduos portadores de próteses removíveis, sobretudo idosos do gênero feminino. Atualmente, a desinfecção de próteses totais por meio da irradiação por micro-ondas tem sido recomendada para tratamento e prevenção da estomatite protética. Considerando esses aspectos, esse estudo in vivo avaliou a efetividade da frequência da desinfecção de próteses totais por micro-ondas (3 min/650 W) em relação à terapia antifúngica tópica para o tratamento da estomatite protética, além de verificar a prevalência de Candida nos pacientes avaliados. Para isso, foram selecionados 60 indivíduos, portadores de próteses totais superiores e com diagnóstico clínico de estomatite protética. Esses pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 3 grupos (n=20), de acordo com o tratamento instituído: Terapia Antifúngica Tópica (Grupo I) - utilização de nistatina (suspensão oral, 100.000 UI/mL), 4 vezes ao dia durante 15 dias; Irradiação por Micro-ondas - imersão das próteses totais em água e irradiação das próteses por micro-ondas durante 3 minutos a 650 W, 1 ou 3 vezes por semana (Grupos II e III, respectivamente) por um período de 15 dias. Para avaliação da efetividade dos tratamentos instituídos, foram realizadas culturas micológicas quantitativas e identificação das espécies de Candida, utilizando-se o meio CHROMagar Candida, análise de microcultivo, teste de triagem em caldo hipertônico e o sistema bioquímico de identificação ID 32C. Coletas de biofilme das superfícies internas das próteses totais superiores e das mucosas palatinas de todos os pacientes, foram realizadas previamente ao tratamento (dia 0) e após 15 dias do seu início. Com o objetivo de avaliar a efetividade dos tratamentos em longo prazo, a quantificação de colônias viáveis de Candiada spp... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Denture stomatitis is a fungal infection that affects 60% to 72% of individuals who use removable dentures, primarily elderly women. Currently, the disinfection of complete dentures using microwave irradiation has been recommended to treat and prevent denture stomatitis. Considering these aspects, this in vivo study evaluated the effectiveness of the frequency of complete denture disinfection using microwaves (3 min/650 W) compared to antifungal therapy for the treatment of denture stomatitis. It also verified the prevalence of Candida spp. in the evaluated patients. This study used a sample of 60 healthy individuals who use complete upper dentures and have received a clinical diagnosis of denture stomatitis. Patients were randomly distributed into three groups (n=20), based on the treatment used: Topical Antifungal Therapy (Group I) - use of nystatin (oral suspension, 100.000 UI/mL), four times a day for 15 days; Irradiation with Microwaves - irradiation of the dentures by microwaves for three minutes at 650 W, one time or three times per week (Groups II and III, respectively) for a period of 15 days. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments used, quantitative mycological cultures were collected and the Candida species were identified using the CHROMagar Candida method, microculture analysis, screening test in hypertonic broth and the ID 32C biochemical identification system. Biofilm samples were collected from the inner surfaces of the complete upper dentures and from the palatal mucosa of all patients before (day 0) and after 15 days of treatment. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments over the long term, the quantification of the viable Candiada spp. colonies was repeated 30, 60 and 90 days after starting the treatment. For each consultation (days 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90), a clinical evaluation was also performed through intra-oral photography... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

O estudo avaliou os efeitos adversos de soluções desinfetantes sobre a dureza, alteração de cor, sorção e solubilidade, resistência à flexão, rugosidade e resistência ao impacto de uma resina acrílica e dentes artificiais. Microscopia confocal a laser foi utilizada para análise de superfície. Através da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), utilizando o método de micro diluições, foi determinada a concentração de 0,15% para a solução de Triclosan e 0,25% para a Cloramina T. As variáveis foram mensuradas antes e após a imersão dos espécimes nas soluções. Os corpos de prova em resina acrílica termicamente ativada e os dentes artificiais foram distribuídos em grupos (n=10): GC = água destilada; GHS = Hipoclorito de sódio a 0,25%; GT = Solução de Triclosan a 0,15%; GCt = Solução de Cloramina T a 0,25%; GRc2 = solução de R. communis a 2%; GRc10 = solução de R. communis a 10%; GS = Sabonete Antisséptico. Os corpos de prova foram imersos em 100 mL de cada solução, simulando imersões diárias de 20 minutos por 5 anos. Os dados foram submetidos aos Testes ANOVA e Duncan ou ANOVA e Tukey (p=0,05). Para resina acrílica, todos os grupos diminuíram a dureza, tendo GC causado a maior diminuição (p=0,001). Nos demais grupos a diminuição da dureza foi semelhante. O grupo GRc2 apresentou a maior alteração de cor, enquanto o GCt causou a menor. Os demais grupos apresentaram valores intermediários (p=0,043). Em relação à sorção, o grupo GRc2 seguido do GC apresentaram maior valor de sorção e os grupos GT e GS, os menores. Para a solubilidade, os grupos GC, GHS, GCt, GT e GS apresentaram os maiores valores, e o grupo GRc2 seguido do GRc10 apresentou o menor valor (p=0,001). O menor valor de resistência a flexão foi verificado no GRc2, enquanto os grupos GC e GCt apresentaram os maiores valores (p=0,000). Os demais grupos apresentaram valores intermediários. Todas as soluções causaram diminuição da rugosidade exceto os grupos Rc10 e GC (p=0,001). Os grupos GS, GT e GCt apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência ao impacto, e o GRc10 apresentou o menor valor (p=0,000). Já para os dentes, houve aumento da dureza em todos os grupos, tendo os grupos GHS e GC causado maior alteração (p=0,000). Os grupos GS e GRc2 apresentaram a maior alteração de cor, enquanto os grupos GC, GCt e GT apresentaram as menores (p=0,000). Os grupos GC, GRc2 e GRc10 apresentaram os maiores valores de sorção e os grupos GT e GS os menores. Para a solubilidade, os grupos GRc10 e GRc2 apresentaram os maiores valores e os grupos GT e GS, os menores. A variação da rugosidade dos dentes indicou que todas as soluções causaram diminuição da rugosidade exceto o grupo GT. A maior variação de rugosidade foi causada pela solução de Rc10 (p=0,001). No período avaliado, todas as propriedades sofreram alterações em função das soluções de desinfecção avaliadas após simulação de imersões diárias de 20 minutos por 5 anos, porém todas as variáveis estudas apresentaram valores clinicamente aceitáveis, exceto a alteração de cor. / This study evaluated the adverse effects of disinfectant solutions on hardness, color change, sorption and solubility, flexural strength, roughness and impact strength of an acrylic resin and artificial teeth. Confocal laser microscopy was used for surface analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the microdilution method determined the concentration of 0.15% for the Triclosan solution and 0.25% for the Chloramine T. Variables were measured before and after immersion of the specimens in the solutions. The thermally activated acrylic resin specimens and the artificial teeth were distributed in groups (n = 10): GC = distilled water; GHS = 0.25% Sodium hypochlorite; GT = 0.15% Triclosan solution; GCt = 0.25% Chloramine T solution; GRc2 = 2% R. communis solution; GRc10 = 10% R. communis solution; GS = Antiseptic Soap. The specimens were immersed in 100 mL of each solution, simulating daily immersions of 20 minutes for 5 years. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and Duncan tests or ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). For acrylic resin, all groups decreased hardness and GC showed the greatest decrease (p = 0.001). In the other groups the decrease in hardness was similar. The GRc2 group presented the greatest color change, while the GCt, the lowest. The other groups presented intermediate values (p = 0.043). In relation to the sorption, the GRc2 group followed by the GC presented higher sorption value and the GT and GS groups, the smaller. For solubility, GC, GHS, GCt, GT and GS presented the highest values, and the GRc2 group followed by GRc10 had the lowest value (p = 0.001). The GRc2 showed a lower value of flexural strength, while GC and GCt had the highest values (p = 0.000). The other groups presented intermediate values. All solutions caused a decrease in roughness except the groups Rc10 and GC (p = 0.001). The groups GS, GT and GCt had the highest values of impact resistance, and the GRc10 had the lowest value (p = 0.000). For the teeth, there were an increase on hardness in all groups, and the GHS and CG groups showed a greater change (p = 0.000). The GS and GRc2 groups had the highest color change, while the GC, GCt and GT groups showed the lowest (p = 0.000). The GC, GRc2 and GRc10 groups had the highest sorption values and the GT and GS groups had the lowest values. For the solubility, the GRc10 and GRc2 groups had the highest values and the GT and GS groups, the lowest. The variation of the roughness of the teeth indicated that all solutions caused a decrease in roughness except for the GT group. The highest roughness variation was caused by the Rc10 solution (p = 0.001). In the evaluated period, all the properties were altered as a function of the disinfection solutions evaluated after simulation of daily immersions of 20 minutes for 5 years, however all variables studied presented clinically acceptable values, except for color change.

?rea de concentra??o: Cl?nica Odontol?gica. / Linha de pesquisa: Les?es inflamat?rias, c?sticas e neopl?sicas da cavidade bucal. / Na Folha de Rosto e Ficha Catalogr?fica da obra consta o t?tulo: "Avalia??o dos efeitos anti-inflamat?rio e antiedematog?nico do gel Oxyflower? em modelo de edema de pata induzido por adjuvante completo de Freund em ratos". / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T17:57:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) timilliy_mayra_martins_cruz.pdf: 1084452 bytes, checksum: e81ee908ce5c1b999b746646f5a03878 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-06-05T14:41:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) timilliy_mayra_martins_cruz.pdf: 1084452 bytes, checksum: e81ee908ce5c1b999b746646f5a03878 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T14:41:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) timilliy_mayra_martins_cruz.pdf: 1084452 bytes, checksum: e81ee908ce5c1b999b746646f5a03878 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Introdu??o: A inflama??o ? um mecanismo de defesa prim?ria que protege o organismo de est?mulos nocivos ou prejudiciais. Os medicamentos anti-inflamat?rios tais como os Anti-Inflamat?rios N?o Esteroidais (AINEs) e os corticoster?ides s?o utilizados para tratar os dist?rbios inflamat?rios, por?m, diversos efeitos colaterais t?m sido relatados. Neste contexto, produtos naturais t?m contribu?do bastante para o desenvolvimento de terapias farmacol?gicas modernas e eficazes. Alguns medicamentos naturais apresentam grande potencial terap?utico, como por exemplo, o Oxyflower?. Este rem?dio baseia-se na a??o de ess?ncias florais, por?m seus efeitos biol?gicos ainda n?o foram devidamente investigados. Objetivos: Investigar os poss?veis efeitos anti-inflamat?rio e antiedematog?nico do gel Oxyflower? em modelo animal de inflama??o cr?nica. Metodologia: 25 ratos machos da linhagem Holtzman foram aleatoriamente divididos em 5 grupos experimentais (controle, ve?culo do Oxyflower?, Oxyflower?, triancinolona acetonida e diclofenaco dietilam?nio). A inflama??o foi quimicamente induzida por meio da inje??o de 200 ?L de Adjuvante Completo de Freund (ACF) na pata traseira direita dos ratos. O volume e espessura das patas dos ratos foram mensurados com pletism?metro de pata e paqu?metro digital, respectivamente. Durante 14 dias, os animais foram tratados com os f?rmacos e tiveram acompanhamento de sua massa corporal. Neste per?odo a temperatura das patas traseiras foram avaliadas com um term?grafo digital. Foram realizadas an?lises histol?gicas e leucometria. Os dados foram analisados como m?dia ? erro padr?o ou desvio padr?o da m?dia e apresentados como a varia??o (delta) do volume, espessura e temperatura das patas traseiras. As diferen?as entre os grupos foram analisadas pelos testes de vari?ncia ANOVA (two e one-way), seguidos do post hoc de Tukey e teste Qui-Quadrado. Valores de p< 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: O gel Oxyflower? promoveu redu??es no volume, espessura e temperatura das patas dos ratos, injetados com ACF, quando comparados aos animais do grupo controle. N?o houve diferen?a em rela??o ao ganho de massa corporal nos diferentes grupos experimentais. Os resultados para leucometria e histologia n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas entre os grupos. Conclus?o: O gel Oxyflower? apresentou atividade antiedematog?nica semelhante ? Triancinolona e ao Diclofenaco. A termografia infravermelha ? um m?todo aplic?vel na avalia??o da temperatura tecidual associada ao edema, neste modelo experimental. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Odontologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Introduction: Inflammation is a primary defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful or harmful stimuli. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids are used to treat inflammatory disorders, but several side effects have been reported. Thus, natural products have contributed greatly to the development of modern and effective pharmacological therapies. Some natural medicines have great therapeutic potential, such as Oxyflower?. This drug is based on the action of flower essences, but its biological effects have not yet been properly investigated. Objectives: To investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects of Oxyflower? gel in an animal model of chronic inflammation. Methods: 25 male rats of the Holtzman strain were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (control, Oxyflower? vehicle, Oxyflower?, triamcinolone acetonide and diclofenac diethylammonium). Inflammation was chemically induced by injecting 200 ?L of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the right hind paw of rats. The volume and thickness of the paws of the rats were measured with a paw plethysmometer and digital caliper, respectively. During 14 days, the animals were treated with the drugs and had monitoring of their body mass. In this period the temperature of the hind legs were evaluated with a digital thermograph. Histological analysis and leukometry were performed. Data were analyzed as mean ? standard error or standard deviation of the mean and presented as the variation (delta) of the volume, thickness and temperature. The differences between the groups were analyzed by ANOVA (two and one-way) variance tests, followed by Tukey post hoc and Chi-Square test. Values of p <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The Oxyflower? gel promoted reductions in the volume, thickness and temperature of the legs of the rats injected with ACF when compared to the animals of the control group. There was no difference in relation to body mass gain in the different experimental groups. The results for leucometry and histology did not show significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: Oxyflower? gel presented antiedematogenic activity similar to Triamcinolone and Diclofenac. Infrared thermography is an applicable method for evaluation of tissue temperature associated with edema, in this experimental model. Infrared thermography is an applicable method for assessing tissue temperature associated with edema in this experimental model. The antiinflammatory effect of Oxyflower? gel could not be confirmed. However, biomolecular, immunological and immunohistochemical analyzes may help confirm the possible antiinflammatory effect of Oxyflower? gel.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la programmation par contraintes quantifiées, un formalisme étendantla programmation par contraintes classique en ajoutant aux variables des quantificateurs existentiels ouuniversels, ce qui apporte en théorie une expressivité suffisante pour modéliser des problèmes avec adversaireou incertitude sur certains paramètres sous forme de problèmes appelés QCSP (Quantified Constraintsatisfaction Problem).Nous commençons par apporter une réponse aux difficultés de modélisation de problèmes réels dont estfrappée la programmation par contraintes quantifiées en introduisant une extension aux QCSP permettantd’expliciter les actions possibles de l’agent principal et de son adversaire. Puis, nous décrivons différentproblèmes grâce à ce formalisme, et discutons de la place de cette extension parmi les formalismes voisins créésen réponse à cette même difficulté de modélisation. Enfin, nous nous intéressons à la notion d’optimisationdans le cas des contraintes quantifiées, et apportons un formalisme d’optimisation de contraintes quantifiéespermettant d’exprimer des problèmes multi-niveaux non linéaires. / This thesis presents works in the research area of quantified constraint programming, which extends theconstraint programming framework by setting (existential and universal) quantifiers to the problem’s variables.This framework is theoretically expressive enough to model problems where an opponent or uncertainparameters are involved, under the form of Quantified Constraint Safisfaction Problems (QCSP).QCSPs suffer from a modeling difficulty that we solve by presenting an extension to this framework, in whichpossible moves for the principal agent and its opponent may be explicitely declared. Then, we describe realproblems using this extention, and discuss of its pros and cons against neighbour framework thar were createdto solve the same difficulty. Finally, we focus on quantifies optimization problems, and present a quantifiedoptimization framework thet allows the modeling of nonlinear multi-level problems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 basso_mfm_dr_arafo.pdf: 618642 bytes, checksum: a30b4dfd3eaaae29f0c670dfb57dbd55 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A energia por microondas tem sido recomendada para desinfetar próteses totais. Entretanto, os ciclos de desinfecção podem afetar a estabilidade dimensional das bases de próteses. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo clínico foi avaliar o efeito de dois protocolos de desinfecção por microondas na estabilidade dimensional de próteses totais, analisando a estabilidade dimensional linear, o percentual de força oclusal obtido a partir dos contatos oclusais cêntricos e as ocorrências clínicas. Foram confeccionadas próteses totais para quarenta pacientes totalmente edêntulos. Todas as próteses foram prensadas com a resina Lucitone 550. Após a colocação, aguardou-se 30 dias para submeter as próteses às condições experimentais como a seguir: Grupo 1 (G1)- 20 pacientes tiveram as próteses maxilares submetidas a desinfecção por microondas (650 W / 3 minutos), uma vez por semana, durante 4 semanas. Grupo 2 (G2)- 20 pacientes tiveram as próteses maxilares submetidas a desinfecção por microondas (650 W / 3 minutos), três vezes por semana, durante 4 semanas. Para avaliar a estabilidade dimensional linear, mensurações foram realizadas entre quatro pontos de referência (primeiros pré-molares e segundos molares bilateralmente) antes da primeira desinfecção por microondas (baseline) e após cada semana de desinfecção. Um software foi utilizado para mensurar as distâncias entre os pontos de referência a partir de fotografias padronizadas. As dimensões médiolateral e anteroposterior e a área foram calculadas. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA two-way, Tukey e t-Student (_=0,05). O sistema T-Scan III foi utilizado para avaliar o percentual de força oclusal obtido a partir dos contatos oclusais cêntricos. Os contatos oclusais cêntricos foram capturados, antes da primeira desinfecção por microondas (baseline) e após cada semana de desinfecção, por meio... / Microwave energy has been recommended for disinfecting complete dentures. However, the microwave disinfection cycles may affect the dimensional stability of denture bases. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of two microwave disinfection protocols on the dimensional stability of complete dentures, analyzing the linear dimensional stability, the percent occlusal force obtained from centric occlusal contacts and the clinical events. Complete dentures were constructed for forty totally edentulous patients. All dentures were conventionally processed with heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550). After insertion of complete dentures, it was expected 30 days to submit the dentures to the experimental conditions as follows: Group 1 (G1)- 20 patients had the maxillary complete dentures submitted to microwave disinfection (650 W/ 3 minutes), once a week, for four weeks. Group 2 (G2)- 20 patients had the maxillary complete dentures submitted to microwave disinfection (650 W/ 3 minutes), three times a week, for four weeks. To evaluate the linear dimensional stability, measurements were taken across four reference points (first premolars and second molars bilaterally) before of first microwave disinfection (baseline) and after each week of disinfection. Software was used to measure distances between reference points from standardized photographs. Mediolateral and anteroposterior dimensions and area between reference points were calculated. The dimensional data obtained were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey test and t test (_ = .05). To evaluate the percent occlusal force obtained from centric occlusal contacts, the T-Scan III system was used. The centric occlusal contacts were measured, before of first microwave disinfection (baseline) and after each week of disinfection, using pressure-sensitive sheets and studied in T-Scan software. The occlusal data... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)