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Theories of non-linear systems : a paradigm for organizational thinkingMyburgh, Roche Francois 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The advent of the computer age has seen many fundamental changes in the
economics. The ease with which organisations can store and transmit information in
unprecedented quantities and speeds has changed the face of the economy as well
as the way in which organisations conduct their day to day operations. Information
has become the primary resource for organisational competitiveness and this has
seen an increasing drive for efficient information generation and management in an
economy that is interconnected on a global scale. The demand for better information
management practices is driven by the realisation that the global economy is
susceptible to sudden and unpredictable changes that can potentially have global
consequences. The more information organisations have at their disposal, the better
their chances are of remaining competitive and relevant in the global economy. The
informational economy confronts organisations with two very significant problems,
the first is information overload due to the sheer volume of information that is
available to them. The second problem is that despite the volume of available
information organisations still are not privy to all the information that is required to
lessen the impact of uncertainty that is so characteristic of the global economy.
Organisations therefore always run the' risk of becoming irrelevant if they do not
change constantly. This drive for continuous change and the dependence on
information has led some organisational theorists and economists to compare the
global economy and organisations to nonlinear systems found in nature. Examples of
nonlinear systems are living organisms, ecologies and solar systems. All of these
systems are characterised by high levels of interconnectedness and interdependence
among individual units within a shared environment, which they co-create. Nonlinear
systems are of particular interest to organisational theorists because these systems
process information about the environment to adapt in an unpredictable way to
unpredictable changes. Such systems are incredibly resilient because they are able
to learn and adapt to different conditions. Another notable aspect of nonlinear
systems is the clear structured and complex organisation that they exhibit in the
absence of centralised control mechanisms. Every unit has the liberty to experiment
with new designs and from the success of individual units an organised and stable
system emerges with a strong link between the success of individuals and the whole
system. The order that exists within nonlinear systems is known as self-organisation
because it is not superimposed but emerges instead in a spontaneous manner.
Nonlinear systems are therefore more than just the sum of their parts. The notion of
nonlinear systems and self-organisation has seen authors such as Stacey, Wheatley
and Senge develop new ideas about organisational development, leadership and
organisational strategic thinking. Their ideas are based on what is popularly known
as 'The New Science'. These ideas attempt to encourage organisations realise that
the global economy functions as a nonlinear system and that organisations stand a
better chance of success if they learn to understand the principles of nonlinear
systems and to utilise the inherent creative and organising characteristics of such
systems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvang van die rekenaar era het verskeie fundamentele veranderinge in
ekonomie mee gebring. Die gemak en snelheid waarmee organisasies informasie
kan stoor en versprei is ongekend en het terselfde tyd die voorkoms van die
ekonomie verander asook die wyse waarop organisasies op 'n daaglikse basis
funksioneer. Informasie het die belangrikste hulpbron geword vir organisasies in
terme van kompetering en dit het 'n groter dryfkrag vir doeltreffende informasie
ontginning en bestuur mee gebring in 'n ekonomie wat op 'n wereldwye skaal in
mekaar gevleg is. Die aanvraag vir beter informasie bestuur praktyke word gedryf deur die wete dat die wereld ekonomie vatbaar is vir skielike en onvoorspelbare
veranderinge wat potensieel 'n wereldwye impak kan he. Hoe meer informasie
organisasies tot hul beskikking het hoe beter is hul kans om relevant en kompeterend
te bly in die wereld ekonomie. Die informasie ekonomie konfronteer organisasies met
twee fundamentele probleme. Die eerste gevaar is dat organisasies oorlaai kan word
met informasie as gevolg van die absolute volume van beskikbare informasie. Die
tweede probleem spruit voort uit die feit dat ten spyte van die beskikbare informasie,
lei organisasies steeds aan 'n gebrek aan algehele informasie, organisasies kan dus
nooit toegang he tot al die informasie wat benodig word om die impak te verminder
van die onsekerheid wat so kenmerkend is van die wereld ekonomie. Organisasies
loop dus altyd die gevaar om irrelevant te raak as hulle nie konstant aanpas by nuwe
omstandighede nie. Hierdie soeke na konstante verandering en die afhanklikheid op
informasie het verskeie organisasie teoretici en ekonome daartoe gelei om 'n
vergelyking te tref tussen die wereld ekonomie en organisasies aan die een kant en
nie-Iiniere sisteme wat in die natuur voorkom. Voorbeelde van sulke sisteme sluit
lewende organismes, ekostelsels en sterre stelsels in. Die komponente van al hierdie
sisteme is op 'n komplekse wyse inmekaar geweef en interafhanklik op mekaar binne
die raamwerk van gemeenskaplike omgewing waarvoor hierdie komponente mede
verantwoordelik is. Nie-liniere sisteme is van besondere belang vir organisasie
teoretici omdat die betrokke sisteme informasie verwerk aangaande hul omgewing
om op 'n onvoorspelbare wyse aan te pas by onvoorspelbare veranderinge in die
omgewing. Sulke sisteme is uitsonderlik standvastig deurdat hulle kan leer en
aanpas by verskillende omstandighede. Nog
'n merkbare aspek van sulke sisteme is
die duidelik gestruktureerde en komplekse organisasie wat bestaan ten spyte van 'n
algehele gebrek aan gesentraliseerde beheer meganismes. Elke komponent is vry
om met 'n nuwe ontwerp te eksperimenteer en vanuit die sukses van die
komponente spruit die sukses van die sisteem. Die organisasie wat sigbaar is in nie-liniere
sisteme staan bekend as self-organisasie omdat dit nie voortspruit uit 'n
sentrale beheer meganisme nie maar instede spontaan onstaan as 'n gevolg van die
aksies van komponente. Nie-Iiniere sisteme het die potensiaal om meer te kan wees
as die somtotaal van hul komponente. Die beginsel van nie-liniere sisteme en selforganisasie
het skrywers soos Stacey, Wheatley en Senge daartoe gelei om nuwe
idees te ontwikkel rakende organisasie ontwikkeling, leierskap en strategiese
beplanning in organisasies. Hierdie idees is gegrond in wat algemeen bekend staan
as 'The New Science'. Die idees van hierdie skrywers is gemik daarop om
organisasies aan te moedig om raak te sien dat die wereld ekonomie soos 'n nie-liniere
sisteem funksioneer en dat organisasies as sulks 'n beter kans staan om sukses
te behaal as hulle sou leer om die beginsels van nie-liniere sisteme te begryp en die
inherente kreatiewe en organiserings eienskappe van sulke sisteme uit te buit.
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O agir comunicativo e crítico do bibliotecário nas organizações de SaúdeFinamor, Márcio da Silva 11 September 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-09-11 / Essa pesquisa mostra o agir do bibliotecário na equipe multiprofissional em saúde - suas
perspectivas de ação e inserção nesse novo ambiente. Tomando como referência o modelo
bem-sucedido do sistema de saúde canadense, em que bibliotecários agem na equipe de forma
rotineira: prática inexistente no Brasil. Busca conferir as atividades e competências
desenvolvidas por bibliotecários médicos a fim de configurar uma nova proposta de trabalho.
Constitui uma abordagem qualitativa pela amostragem por conveniência, selecionando
especialistas como: profissionais da informação, médicos e profissionais de saúde convidados
a discutir as perspectivas de agir e desafios. Concomitantemente, utilizamos a abordagem da
teoria dos sistemas do sociólogo Niklas Luhmann, uma vez que as organizações de saúde são
consideradas complexas, o que nos permitiu entender as contradições e dificuldade das
relações e trazer para esse ambiente ambíguo pressupostos da teoria discursiva, do agir
comunicativo e humanístico com base no filósofo Jürgen Habermas como uma forma especial
de conceber ações comunicativas e discursivas dentro deste ambiente restrito. Conclui-se que
as perspectivas de agir são promissoras e emergentes, mas que requerem uma reconfiguração
na formação do bibliotecário e a aquisição de novas competências como a profissionalização
normativa e competência comunicativa, assim como, a criação de eixos sobre informação em
saúde e ciências da saúde em sua formação. / This research shows the role of the librarian in the multiprofessional health team - its
perspectives of action and insertion in this new environment. Considereing as reference the
successful model of Canadian health system, in which librarians act in the team as routine: a
practice that does not exist in Brazil. It seeks to check the activities and skills developed by
medical librarians in order to set up a new job proposal. This study has a qualitative approach
by sampling for convenience, selecting specialists such as: information professionals,
physicians and health professionals invited to discuss perspectives for action and challenges.
Concomitantly, we use the Niklas Luhmann`s systems theory approach, since health
organizations are considered complex, which allowed us to understand the contradictions and
difficulties of relationships and to bring to this ambiguous environment presuppositions of
discursive theory, communicative action and humanistic on the basis of the philosopher
Jürgen Habermas as a special way of conceiving communicative and discursive actions within
this restricted environment. It is concluded that the perspective of action are promising and
emerging, but it requires a reconfiguration in the formation of the librarian and the acquisition
of new competences such as normative professionalization and communicative competence,
as well as the creation of axes of information in health and science of the health in their
training.
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Organisational culture in internationally federated non-profit organisations : the importance of industry and governanceTamrat Haile Gebremichael 02 1900 (has links)
In the era of globalisation, organisations around the world have increasingly become stages of global diversity where multi-cultural workforces interact in teams on a daily basis. International organisations, in particular, are a characteristic display of cross-cultural interaction. The study of organisational culture in a multi-cultural organisational environment is receiving growing attention due to a pressing need to understand and manage the consequences of cross-cultural interaction and achieve better organisational outcomes. However, so far, studies in the area have focused on multinational for-profit organisations and neglected other industry and governance, missing opportunities for broader and richer understanding in the field. The present study covered a case of an internationally federated complex non-profit organisation and captured new insights, thereby contributing to theory and enriching the empirical evidence in the field of study. The results shed light on the importance of industry and governance, and provoked critical questions for further research. The unique features of non-profit and federated governance culture depicted the opportunities for cross-learning with other industries. The study highlighted the distinct formation of conventional cultural dimensions contributing to cultural cohesion and cushioning the federation against excessive fragmentation. The dimensions of institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance depicted interesting behaviours in the study context.
These dimensions dominated behaviour and have rendered other dimensions subservient. Cultural behaviours, such as cultural-anchoring and power grouping, transpired as unique findings to the industry and governance, where consensus and fragmentation have played integrative and accommodative roles. Dominant dimensions determined direction and intensity in subservient dimensions irrespective of values espoused by leadership in the subservient dimensions. The line between organisational politics and the ingroup collectivism dimension was blurred, calling for further research in the field of organisational behaviour. Further research in the field could focus on shaping organisational cultural dimensions fit for diverse industry and governance contexts, identifying areas of cross-fertilisation of learning, investigating the significance of dominant versus subservient dimensions in the process of organisational cultural change, and broadening the knowledge base in the field by studying diverse organisational typologies. / Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL) / D. B. L.
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