Depuis de nombreuses années, nous nous sommes efforcés de comprendre le comportement humain et nos interactions avec l'environnement sociotechnique. Grâce à l'avancée de nos connaissances dans ce domaine, nous avons contribué à la conception de technologies et de processus de travail nouveaux ou améliorés. Historiquement, une part importante du travail d'analyse des interactions sociales fut entreprise au sein des sciences sociales. Cependant, la simulation informatique a apporté un nouvel outil pour tenter de comprendre et de modéliser les comportements humains. En utilisant une approche à base d'agents, cette présentation décrit mon travail sur la construction de modèles informatiques du comportement humain pour guider la conception par la simulation. A l'aide d'exemples issus de projets des deux domaines d'application que sont la gestion des crises et de l'urgence et la gestion de l'énergie, je décris comment mon travail aborde certains problèmes centraux à la simulation sociale à base d'agents. Le premier concerne le processus par lequel nous développons ces modèles. Le second problème provient de la nature des systèmes sociotechniques. Les sociétés humaines constituent un exemple parfait de système complexe possédant des caractéristiques d'auto-organisation et d'adaptabilité, et affichant des phénomènes émergents tels que la coopération et la robustesse. Je décris comment la théorie des systèmes complexes peut être appliquée pour améliorer notre compréhension des systèmes sociotechniques, et comment nos interactions au niveau microscopique mènent à l'émergence d'une conscience mutuelle pour la résolution de problèmes. A partir de systèmes de simulation à base d'agents, je montre comment la conscience du contexte peut être modélisée. En terme de perspectives, j'expliquerai comment la hausse de la prévalence des agents artificiels dans notre société nous forcera à considérer de nouveaux types d'interactions et de comportements coopératifs.

Certainly one of the most powerful and important modeling languages of our time is the Calculus. But research consistently shows that students do not understand how the variables in calculus-based mathematical models relate to aspects of the systems that those models are supposed to represent. Because of this, students never access the true power of calculus: its suitability to model a wide variety of real-world systems across domains. In this paper, we describe the motivation and theoretical foundations for the DeltaTick and HotLink Replay applications, an effort to address these difficulties by a) enabling students to model a wide variety of systems in the world that change over time by defining the behaviors of that system, and b) making explicit how a system\'s behavior relates to the mathematical trends that behavior creates. These applications employ the visualization and codification of behavior rules within the NetLogo agent-based modeling environment (Wilensky, 1999), rather than mathematical symbols, as their primary building blocks. As such, they provide an alternative to traditional mathematical techniques for exploring and solving advanced modeling problems, as well as exploring the major underlying concepts of calculus.

The key to understanding any system, including physiologic and pathologic systems, is to obtain a truly comprehensive view of the system. The purpose of this dissertation was to develop foundational analytical and modeling tools, which would enable such a comprehensive view to be obtained of any physiological or pathological system by combining experimental, clinical, and theoretical viewpoints. Specifically, we focus on the development of analytical and modeling techniques capable of predicting and prioritizing the mechanisms, emergent dynamics, and underlying principles necessary in order to obtain a comprehensive system understanding. Since physiologic systems are inherently complex systems, our approach was to translate the philosophy of complex systems into a set of applied and quantitative methods, which focused on the relationships within the system that result in the system's emergent properties and behavior. The result was a set of developed techniques, referred to as relational modeling and analysis that utilize relationships as either a placeholder or bridging structure from which unknown aspects of the system can be effectively explored. These techniques were subsequently tested via the construction and analysis of models of five very different systems: synaptic neurotransmitter spillover, secondary spinal cord injury, physiological and pathological axonal transport, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and to analyze neurophysiological data of in vivo cat spinal motoneurons. Our relationship-based methodologies provide an equivalent means by which the different perspectives can be compared, contrasted, and aggregated into a truly comprehensive viewpoint that can drive research forward.

La arquitectura semántica diseñada ha sido probada dentro del entorno de la gestión de los derechos de la propiedad intelectual. Esta permite asimilar nuevos módulos y cambios en la estructura. Se ha diseñado específicamente una propia ontología: IPROnto, que es totalmente interoperable con el resto de estándares, y propone una nueva forma de gestionar los derechos de la propiedad intelectual.Se realizó un análisis estadístico de la Web Semántica así como de los elementos que estábamos utilizando, IPROnto. Este estudio reveló que la Web Semántica se comportaba como un sistema complejo, que poseía propiedades por las cuales se podía caracterizar un comportamiento microscópico. Algunas ontologías son discutidas como paradigma de conocimiento común como DOLCE o FrameNet, además de procesos para poder interiorizarlas cercanos a la ciencia cognitiva utilizando 'image-schemas' para conectarlos a la web semántica, además de utilizar álgebra geométrica para conectar el simbolismo (álgebra) y semántica (geometría entendida como significado geométrico) como último paso. / The main issue of this work is to discover and face new challenges in negotiation over the WWW, concretely over the Semantic Web (SW) because it provides a new paradigm not only in language expression but also in its manipulation.As a result, a heterogeneous architecture is provided (with Multi-agent Systems) and IPR knowledge is formalized in an IPR ontology.Nowadays, agents have to know about other agents and their environments. Ontologies are been used to model agents' knowledge. In order to provide a model of the SW as real as possible, a deep statistical analysis of it has been made. It reveals that the SW behaves as a complex system and shares some properties with them. Concepts classification could not be as objective as we expect. An effort is done by SW community to establish a shared basis of knowledge for common understanding. The contribution is a way to connect it to the physical domain.

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Projects and programmes are inherently complex; the interaction of people, systems, processes and data within a dynamic environment creates an intricate network of agents whose behaviour can be unpredictable and unexpected. The management of this complexity is ordinarily concerned with the implementation of tools and techniques to ensure that projects are completed within the desired cost and time, at the agreed level of performance and quality – this is often referred to as the †̃iron triangleâ€TM. However, the impact of a dynamic external environment on the †̃softâ€TM boundaries of the project domain can lead to extreme difficulty in attempting to forecast or predict outcomes and system behaviours. This thesis contends that there is a clear desideratum for a new paradigm in project management practice and research that moves beyond the traditionalist (reductionist) approach to one that embraces, rather than attempts to simplify complexity. The research described in this thesis seeks to uncover the characteristics of complexity, in the context of projects and programmes, in an attempt to uncover if complexity is a factor in the determination of †̃valuableâ€TM outcomes. Subsequently, and through the theoretical lens of complexity theory, this research seeks to highlight the importance of our understanding and treatment of complexity in the execution and management of projects and programmes. The research further seeks to demonstrate how complexity thinking may inform a more sophisticated understanding of how projects, programmes and portfolios delivered successfully (Ziadat, 2017). The context of the research is the oil and gas (O & G) engineering sector in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A two stage qualitative and quantitative methodology is applied, based on deductive reasoning. The first stage involves the development of a questionnaire and a series of unstructured interviews to gain an understanding of the practical consideration that emerges from the literature review. The second stage of the research involves the application of meta-analysis to study the correlation between the complexity factors identified in the first stage, aiming for heterogeneity, identification of patterns and directing to achieve robust conclusions by using sensitivity analysis. The thesis proposes a new model of complexity factors for oil & gas engineering projects in the MENA region. The model is designed to facilitate the analysis of the project complexity landscape and to define requirements for oil & gas organisations involved with the delivery of projects and programmes to cope with different complexity factors within and across the MENA region. The outcomes include substantial relationship between technical and health, safety & environment complexity factors and project performance despite the mediation of project management complexity factors, yet the organizational complexity factors can be observed at a significant level when project management in complexity factors are considered as a mediator in the model (Ziadat, 2016).

O advento das tecnologias digitais permitiu alterações significativas na maneira de produzir, divulgar e consumir música. As grandes gravadoras deixaram de ser os principais agentes articuladores da indústria da música, que está cada vez mais organizada em rede. A produção musical cresce de forma exponencial e está atomizada e espalhada por uma miríade de artistas de todos os níveis. Entretanto, só alguns se destacam em meio a essa galáxia de produtores de conteúdo e conseguem atingir algum grau de sustentabilidade. Estes são aqueles que conhecem as regras de funcionamento dessa rede, ainda que não saibam explicitá-las. O objetivo do presente trabalho é contribuir para a construção do enunciado dessas regras. Para tanto, consultou-se literatura sobre música e comunicação produzida por pesquisadores ligados aos Estudos Culturais, na qual se pôde identificar o grande número de variáveis envolvidas na questão, e por isso buscou-se uma articulação com a noção de sistemas complexos. Em função do tipo de objeto e da abordagem propostos, foi realizado um estudo de caso sobre a banda de rock Forfun, que possibilitou, a partir da comparação com outros casos de sustentabilidade, identificar linhas gerais de conduta e oportunidade que acabam por revelar certas regras / The advent of digital technologies has enabled significant changes in the way we produce, deliver and consume music. Major labels ceased to be the main agents articulators of the music industry which is increasingly organized in networks. The musical production is growing exponentially and is atomized and dispersed by a myriad of artists of all levels. However, only a few stand out amidst this content producers galaxy and can achieve some degree of sustainability. These are those who know the network operation rules, even though they can not explain it. The aim of this work is to contribute to the construction of the utterance of these rules. Therefore, we referred to the literature on music and communication produced by researchers linked to cultural studies, in which it was able to identify the large number of variables involved in this matter, and so we sought a link with the notion of complex systems. Depending on the type of object and the proposed approach, we conducted a case study of the rock band Forfun, which has led, from the comparison with other cases of sustainability, to identify general guidelines and opportunity that end up revealing certain rules

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:53:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 schinaider_sj_me_rcla.pdf: 576104 bytes, checksum: 41c3c4e7eec02c3dd98738011e8c7b76 (MD5) / Educação e aprendizado são assuntos de grande importância para a sociedade em vista do desenvolvimento tecnológico e do progresso social. No presente trabalho analisamos a distribuição estatística das notas dos candidatos ao vestibular (Exame de Admissão) da Academia da Força Aérea, situada em Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo Brasil, onde se formam os Oficiais da Aeronáutica (Força Aérea Brasileira), entre os anos de 1999 a 2004, em busca de algumas características que indiquem o processo de aprendizagem em cada disciplina do vestibular. O exame de admissão consta de 4 disciplinas: Física, Matemática, Inglês e Português, todos com questões objetivas. Os candidatos melhor classificados são selecionados de acordo com o número de vagas determinado pelo Comando da Aeronáutica. Notou-se, claramente, que, nas disciplinas Física, Matemática e Inglês, as notas obedecem a uma distribuição do tipo Lei de Potência Gradualmente Truncada, como também foi observado anteriormente nas disciplinas, em conjunto, de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Na disciplina Português as notas obedecem a uma distribuição normal, resultado que se explica, considerando-se a dependência dos assuntos dados na área de Física, Matemática e Inglês (língua estrangeira) aos assuntos ministrados anteriormente, enquanto em Português, (língua materna) cada capítulo é relativamente independente. Também apresentamos sugestão para melhorar o ensino de ciências e matemáticas. / Science and Mathematic Education is a subject of great importance for the society in sight of recent technological and social program. In the present work, we study the statistical distribution of the marks obtained by the candidates in entrance examination of Air Force Academy, which prepare officers for Brazilian Air Force and is situated at Pirassununga São Paulo, in the period of 1999-2004. Our object is to find some characteristics of the process of learning in various disciplines. The admission examination consist of four disciplines; Physics, Mathematics, English and Portuguese. The candidates are selected in accordance with the merit list in the examination and number of seats available as determined by the Air Force Command. We showed that in the discipline of Physics, Mathematics and English, the distribution of marks obtained is in accordance with Gradually Truncated Power Law as also have been reported earlier in Exact and Biological Sciences in University entrance examination. In Portuguese the Distribution is Normal. We explained these results considering importance of the understanding of material given previously to understand a new chapter in area of Physics, Mathematics and English as our foreign language. In the case of Portuguese (Native Language), each chapter is relatively independent and thus not require knowledge of previous chapters. We also presented some suggestions to improve the science and Mathematics Education at High School level.