Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Pregnancy-related poor maternal health and maternal death remain major problems in most Nigerian states including Cross River State. The acute impact of these problems is borne more heavily by rural communities where the majority of births take place at home unassisted or assisted by unskilled persons. These problems are due to a mixture of problem recognition and decision-making during obstetric emergencies leading to delayed actions. Every pregnancy faces risk, and prenatal screening cannot detect which pregnancy will develop complications. If the goal of reducing maternal morbidity/mortality is to be achieved, increasing the number of women receiving care from a skilled provider (doctor/nurse/midwife) during pregnancy, delivery, and post-delivery and prompt adequate care for obstetric complications has been identified as the single most important intervention. One of the strategies identified in many countries is engaging and working with individuals, families, and communities as partners to improve the quality of maternal healthcare. This strategy is thought to remove the barriers that dissuade women from using the services that are available, empowering the community members to increase their influence and control of maternal health, promote ownership and sustenance, as well as increase access to skilled care. The aim of the study: The overall aim of this PhD study was to develop a model of community engagement to facilitate the prevention of maternal health complications in the rural areas of Cross River State, Nigeria. To develop this model, the study specifically sought to: 1. Understand the current situation in Cross River State by exploring the knowledge gap of women of child-bearing age (pregnant and new mothers) regarding obstetric danger signs, birth preparedness and complication readiness, delivery practices of women, the action of family/community members, and the role of community-based maternal health initiatives, if any, in emergencies, as well as explore participants’ opinions on actions to be taken by the community to promote the utilisation of orthodox healthcare facilities by rural women of Cross River State (Phase 1). 2. Engage community members through a participatory approach (Photovoice) to highlight problems regarding pregnancy and birth practices, identify possible solutions, and make recommendations on communities’ roles in the prevention of maternal health complications (Phase 2). The older women of the study communities were also engaged to verify and validate the findings from phases 1 & 2 analyses. 3. Develop a model of community engagement to improve maternal health literacy by increasing knowledge on early detection of obstetric complications, birth preparedness, complication readiness, and improved access to skilled birth attendance (Phase 3). Methods: The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive research approach that combined qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions within the Photovoice participatory approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select 20 participants, 10 each from the Idundu (Community A) and Anyanganse (Community B) rural communities of Akpabuyo Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The participants comprised pregnant women and new mothers (babies aged 12 months and younger) who met the eligibility criteria. Data collection was by means of semi-structured interviews (Phase1), focused group discussions and Photovoice (Phase 2). Trustworthiness of the data was ensured by means of applying Guba’s model of credibility, transferability, and authenticity. The ethical principles of respect for human dignity, beneficence, confidentiality, and justice were applied throughout the study. The Citizenship Healthcare and Socio-Ecological Logic models were used to direct the study. Permission was obtained from participants for all the phases of the study while approval for the study was obtained from the Senate Higher Degrees Committee of the University of the Western Cape and the Cross River State Ministry of Health Ethical Committee. Data was analysed using Tesch’s method of content analysis. Based on the findings of Phases 1 & 2 of the study, themes emerged that were then validated by the older women in the study communities. The model was then developed by means of the four steps of the theory generation process. Step one was concept development that consisted of the identification, definition, validation, classification, and verification of the main and related concepts. Step two was model development consisting of the sub-steps, namely model guidelines and definitions. The communities’ stakeholders were engaged at this phase to verify and validate the concepts, as well as contribute to the drafting of the model guidelines and the definitions. Step three was a model description whereby the structure, definition, relation statements, and the process of the model were described. A visual application of the model that depicts the main concepts, the process, and the context was shown. Step four dealt with the development of guidelines for the operation of the model. A critical reflection of the model was done using Chinn and Kramer’s five criteria for model evaluation. Results: The study revealed that Idundu and Anyanganse’s rural women have limited knowledge of obstetric danger signs and very few of them acknowledged the importance of hospital delivery. They also exhibited poor understanding of what birth preparedness and complication readiness entailed. There was a high preference for traditional birth attendant care during pregnancy and delivery with their reasons being belief and trust in traditional birth attendants, a long standing tradition to deliver with them, assumptions that orthodox healthcare is expensive, poor attitude of healthcare providers towards women, unavailability of 24-hour services in healthcare facilities, fear of hospital procedures and operations, communal living in traditional birth attendant’s homes, spirituality in traditional birth attendant services, and the consideration of proximity to service points. These factors exacerbated the delays in seeking care and in referrals for skilled care in phases of emergency. The study also revealed that in the study communities, heavy household chores carried out by pregnant women is culturally accepted and seen as exercise to ease labour, there is lack of proper information regarding maternal and child health issues, men are sole decision-makers, they are ignorant of availability of free treatment in health centres, there is an ignorance regarding care of the new-born, and a lack of community structures to support women’s health. Based on the above findings, the women made the following suggestions towards finding a solution: improving maternal health literacy, increasing spirituality in service delivery, involving of husbands in antenatal care for proper information on maternal health issues, accessing community support through the use of community structures (town announcers, women groups, churches, etc.) with the purpose of emphasising facility delivery, constitution of influential groups to monitor the activities of pregnant women to ensure utilisation of skilled attendants, access to healthcare through free services and availability of providers, trust of health services, and traditional birth attendant training/traditional birth attendant facility collaboration. A total of eight concepts were identified from the concluding statements of steps 1 & 2, and used to develop the Maternal Health-Community Engagement Model (MH-CEM). These were: maternal health literacy, spirituality in healthcare, integrated traditional birth attendants’ role (value, training, and traditional birth attendants/hospital collaboration), trust in health services (by addressing previous experiences, attitude, and fear), improving access to healthcare, culturally acceptable care, husbands’ involvement in women’s health issues, and community support. These concepts formed the core components for the Maternal Health-Community Engagement Model which was developed as the main recommendation to address the core concepts. Central to this Model was the Community Engagement Group (CEG) which was established during the process of engaging the community stakeholders in validating the concepts and drawing up of the guidelines for the Model development. Conclusions and Recommendations: It is believed that the activities of the Community Engagement Group may bring about improved maternal health literacy, a process for working with traditional birth attendants through training and re-orienting them to be promoters of facility delivery when appropriate, and a model for involving husbands, and indeed the entire community, in maternal health issues. Limitations were identified and recommendations for nursing practice, education, and research concluded the study.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000750044.pdf: 1066568 bytes, checksum: b9c9827836a3a05f6103e4c726fd72d6 (MD5) / Eventos inflamatórios na interface mateno-fetal estão pronunciados em gestações complicadas por prematuridade e a corioamnionite é reconhecida como a principal causa de morbimortalidade perinatal. As membranas corioamnióticas desempenham papel fundamental na imunidade inata local e inibem o crescimento de micro-organismos, em parte, pela expressão de β defensinas humanas (HBDs). Essas moléculas são antimicrobianos naturais que apresentam atividade antibatcteriana, antifúngica e antiviral e são produzidas por células epiteliais. Quantificar a expressão gênica e avaliar a imunolocalização de HBD-1, HBD-2 e HBD-3 em membranas corioamnióticas de gestações complicadas por prematuridade. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo e transversal. Fragmentos das membranas corioamnióticas foram coletadas de gestantes atendidas no Serviço de Obstetrícia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. O grupo estudo foi constituído por 25 membranas corioamnióticas de gestantes em Trabalho de Parto Prematuro na presença ou não de Rotura Prematura de Membranas Pré-Termo que tiveram parto prematuro como desfecho gestacional. Como grupo controle, 27 membranas corioamnióticas de gestações de termo em trabalho de parto foram analisadas. Fragmentos das membranas corioamnióticas foram fixadas em formalina a 10%, embebidas em parafina e seccionadas para análise da imunolocalização de HBD-1, HBD-2 e HBD-3 pela técnica de imunoistoquímica. Outros fragmentos das membranas corioamnióticas foram congelados em nitrogênio líquido e submetidos à extração do RNA total para posterior quantificação da expressão de RNAm de HBD-1, HBD-2 e HBD-3 empregando-se a técnica de PCR em tempo real utilizando o sistema TaqMan Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems). Os resultados obtidos no estudo foram submetidos aos testes z e de Mann Whitney. O software empregado... / Inflammatory events can be pronounced in the maternal-fetal interface in pregnancies complicated by prematurity and chorioamnionitis is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The chorioamniotic membranes play fundamental role in the local innate immunity and inhibit the microorganisms growth, partly by the expression of human β defensins (HBDs). These molecules are natural antimicrobials that present antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities and are produced by epithelial cells. To quantify the expression and to evaluate the immunolocalization of HBD-1, HBD-2 and HBD-3 in chorioamniotic membranes from pregnancies complicated by prematurity. This was a prospective controlled study. Fragments of chorioamniotic membranes were collected from pregnant women admitted at the Obstetrics Unit of the Clinical Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The study group consisted of 25 chorioamniotic membranes samples from pregnant women with preterm labor, in the presence or not of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM), who delivery prematurely. In the control group, 27 chorioamniotic membranes from pregnancies at term in the presence at labor were analysed. Samples of the chorioamniotic membranes were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned for immunolocalization of HBD-1, HBD-2 and HBD-3 by immunohistochemistry technique. Other chorioamniotic membranes samples were collected in liquid nitrogen and total RNA was extracted to quantify mRNA expression of HBD-1, HBD-2 and HBD-3 using real time quantitative PCR employing the TaqMan Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems). Statistical analyses were performed using z and Mann Whitney tests in SigmaStat Software and the level of significance adopted was of 5%. In relation to demographic and obstetrics data no statistically significant difference concerning maternal ...

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Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-05-31T19:22:41Z (GMT) / Submitted by THAIS GOMES ABRAHÃO ELIAS null (tabrahao7@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T19:31:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação mestrado conclusao.pdf: 1004278 bytes, checksum: 88a09b882a73aa88969e250f75ed4482 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T19:38:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 elias_tga_me_bot.pdf: 1027722 bytes, checksum: 739073ebdb72c87b3ceddb468e0b7f23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T19:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elias_tga_me_bot.pdf: 1027722 bytes, checksum: 739073ebdb72c87b3ceddb468e0b7f23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-18 / Introdução: Tireoidectomia é o procedimento mais comum dentro da Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço. As maiores complicações associadas com a cirurgia da tireoide são lesão dos nervos recorrente ou ramo externo do laríngeo superior, hipoparatireoidismo e complicações da abordagem cirúrgica. Na literatura já existem trabalhos demonstrando benefício da cirurgia sem uso de dreno cervical, no entanto faltam estudos prospectivos randomizados no Brasil sobre este tema. Objetivo: Comparar pacientes submetidos à tireoidectomia com ou sem o uso de dreno cervical quanto a existência e/ou volume de coleções no leito cirúrgico; complicações pós-operatórias; incidência de dor ou desconforto no pós-operatório. Métodos: Estudo intervencional prospectivo e randomizado, no qual foram incluídos indivíduos de ambos os gêneros submetidos a tireoidectomia parcial ou total com idade entre 18 e 85 anos. A utilização ou não do dreno cervical foi estabelecida no intraoperatório por meio de sorteio, sendo colocado em 26 pacientes e 31 ficando sem dreno cervical. Parâmetros avaliados: indicação cirúrgica, cirurgia realizada (parcial ou total), complicações da cirurgia (infecção, seroma, sangramento, hematoma, paralisia laringea e hipoparatireoidismo), dor e desconforto no pós-operatório, necessidade de re-operação para drenagem de hematoma e/ou traqueotomia e o tempo de permanência hospitalar. A ultrassonografia foi realizada após 24h da cirurgia para avaliar o volume de fluido coletado na ferida cirúrgica nos pacientes dos dois grupos. Resultados e Discussão: Em ambos os grupos houve redução estatisticamente significativa do volume da loja cirúrgica após o procedimento cirúrgico. O grupo com dreno cervical apresentou volume pós-operatório significativamente menor que o grupo sem dreno (p < 0,05). No entanto, o volume pós operatório maior no grupo sem dreno não apresentou repercussões clínicas. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto a presença de complicações (hematoma, seroma, hipocalcemia e paralisia laríngea) e queixa de dor no pós-operatório. Conclusão: A tireoidectomia sem uso do dreno mostrou-se um procedimento seguro e o uso rotineiro de dreno não mostrou benefícios em relação a sua não utilização. / Introduction: Thyroidectomy is the most common procedure within Head and Neck Surgery. The major complications associated with thyroid surgery are recurrent nerve injury or external branch of the upper laryngeal, hypoparathyroidism and complications of the surgical approach. There is a lack of studies showing any benefit of routine cervical drainage in this type of surgery. Objective: To compare patients submitted to thyroidectomy with or without the use of cervical drainage as to the existence and / or volume of collections in the surgical bed; Postoperative complications; Incidence of postoperative pain or discomfort. Methods: Prospective and randomized interventional study, in which individuals of both genders submitted to partial or total thyroidectomy with age between 18 and 85 years were included. The use or not of the cervical drain was established intraoperatively by lot, being placed in 26 patients and 31 without cervical drainage. Parameters assessed: surgical indication, surgery performed (partial or total), surgery complications (infection, seroma, bleeding, hematoma, laryngeal paralysis and hypoparathyroidism), post-operative pain and discomfort, need for reoperation for hematoma drainage and / Or tracheotomy and the length of hospital stay. Ultrasonography was performed after 24 hours of surgery to evaluate the volume of fluid collected in the surgical wound in patients of both groups. Results and Discussion: In both groups there was a statistically significant reduction in the volume of the surgical shop after the surgical procedure. The cervical drain group had a significantly lower postoperative volume than the group with no drain (p <0.05). However, the higher postoperative volume in the group without drain had no clinical repercussions. There was no difference between the groups regarding the presence of complications (hematoma, seroma, hypocalcemia and laryngeal paralysis) and postoperative pain complaint. Conclusion: Thyroidectomy without drainage was a safe procedure and the routine use of the drain did not show any benefits in relation to its non-use.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_idf_me_botfm.pdf: 342153 bytes, checksum: d9563004493660e5ddc47166bc75326a (MD5) / A anestesia regional (AR) apresenta vantagens quando comparada à anestesia geral, como determinação de menor morbidade e mortalidade, analgesia pós-operatória de melhor qualidade e menor tempo de internação hospitalar. Diversas complicações podem ser decorrentes dos bloqueios do neuroeixo, algumas de maior gravidade, como as infecções do sistema nervoso central, lesões neurológicas devidas a hematomas espinhais, toxicidade pelos anestésicos locais ou trauma direto, e outras menos graves, como hipotensão e bradicardia, até mesmo consideradas fisiológicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as complicações intra-operatórias desencadeadas pelos bloqueios do neuroeixo, em pacientes com idades iguais ou superiores a 18 anos submetidos a procedimentos não obstétricos, em um período de 18 anos, em hospital de atendimento terciário – Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu- UNESP. A partir do banco de dados do departamento de anestesiologia (Microsoft Access), foi realizada análise retrospectiva, de maio de 1990 a maio de 2008, de todas as complicações relacionadas às anestesias do neuroeixo (anestesias subaracnóidea simples e contínua, peridural simples e contínua e duplo bloqueio – raqui-peridural). As complicações encontradas foram: hipoxemia, hipoventilação, hipertensão arterial, hipotensão arterial, bradicardia sinusal, taquicardia sinusal, agitação, cefaléia, convulsão, oligúria, reação vaso-vagal, falha de bloqueio, perfuração acidental da dura-máter, disritmias ventriculares, parada cardíaca e óbito. Estas foram correlacionadas com a técnica anestésica, estado físico descrito pela Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia (ASA), idade, sexo e comorbidades pré-operatórias, como hipertensão arterial, disritmias atriais e ventriculares, obesidade... / The regional anesthesia (RA) presents advantages when compared to the general anesthesia, as determination of smaller morbidity and mortality, postoperative analgesia of better quality and smaller time of hospitalar internment. Several complications can be resulting from the neuraxial blockades, some of larger gravity, as the infections of the central nervous system, neurological lesions owed to spinal or epidural hematomas, toxicity due to the local anesthetics or direct trauma, and other less serious, as hypotension and bradycardia, even considered physiological. The goal of this research was to assess the intraoperative complications caused by the neuraxial blockades in patients 18 years of age or older not submitted to obstetrician procedures, during a period of 18 years, in a hospital with tertiary treatment – Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP. Starting from the database (Microsoft Access) of the Anesthesiology Department, retrospective analysis was accomplished, from May 1990 to May 2008, of some of the complications related to the neuraxial anesthesias (spinal, continuous spinal, epidural, continuous epidural and combined spinal-epidural anesthesias). The found complications were: hypoxemia, hypoventilation, arterial hypertension, arterial hypotension, sinusal bradycardia and tachycardia, agitation, headache, convulsion, oliguria, vasovagal reaction, blockade failure, accidental perforation of the duramater, ventricular dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest and death. These were correlated with the anesthetic technique, physical state described by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA), age, sex and preoperative comorbidities, as arterial hypertension, atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias, obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 soares_rr_me_botfm.pdf: 364377 bytes, checksum: 7efb179111fa9d8dfaa36aa0c665dc61 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Para avaliar a história natural da Mola Hidatiforme (MH) em adolescentes e comparar o curso dessa doença entre adolescentes e não-adolescentes, com ênfase em fatores de risco para a evolução à neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional pós MH. Esse estudo coorte não concorrente colaborativo internacional incluiu pacientes com MH acompanhadas no Centro de Doença Trofoblástica Gestacional, da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, SP; do Hospital Universitário de Caracas, da Universidade Central de Venezuela e da Maternidad Concepción Palácios, Caracas, Venezuela, entre janeiro de 1990 e dezembro de 2009. Grupos etários (12-19 anos = adolescentes e 20-53 anos adultas) foram usados como variáveis preditivas. Idade gestacional ao diagnóstico (semanas), tamanho uterino compatível com a idade gestacional, sangramento uterino, anemia, cistos teca-luteínicos > 6 cm, hiperemese, presença de pré-eclâmpsia, níveis séricos de hCG e tipo histológico da MH (parcial ou completa) foram usadas como variáveis moderadoras/mediadoras. MH evoluindo para Neoplasia Trofoblástica Gestacional (NTG) foi considerada variável de desfecho. Das 955 pacientes avaliadas, 295 eram adolescentes (30,9%). Análise de regressão logística mostrou que MH completa foi mais frequente em adolescentes que em adultas (6,19 e 3,61 respectivamente OR: 0,58 IC: 95% 0,40 – 0,85). Houve significante associação entre MH completa e o risco de desenvolvimento de NTG pós MH, independentemente da idade (OR: 2,55; IC: 95% 1,87 - 3,47). Entretanto, a incidência de NTG pós Mola Completa em adolescentes foi menor (20,1%; 51/254) do que em adultas (31,3%; 162/517) (p = 0,16; OR: 0,79; IC: 95% 0,57-1,09). Embora MH seja duas vezes mais freqüente durante a adolescência do que na fase adulta (≥ 20 anos), nenhum aumento na incidência de NTG pós-molar foi observado entre adolescentes. De fato, a adolescência pareceu ter um efeito protetor contra o NTG pós-molar / To assess the natural history of hydatidiform mole (HM) in adolescents, and compare the course of this disease between adolescents and non-adolescents, with emphasis on the risk factors for post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). This collaborative international nonconcurrent cohort study included HM patients attending the Botucatu Center of Trophoblastic Diseases (São Paulo State University, Brazil), Caracas University Hospital (Universidad Central da Venezuela), and Maternidad Concepción Palácios de Caracas (Venezuela) between January/1990 and December/2009. Life stage (12-19 yrs= adolescence; 20-53 yrs= adulthood) was used as the predictive variable. Gestational age at diagnosis (weeks), uterine size compatibility with gestational age, vaginal bleeding, anemia, thecaluteinic cyst > 6cm, hyperemesis, preeclampsia, serum hCG level, and HM histologic type (partial or complete) were used as moderating/mediating variables. HM development into GTN was considered the outcome variable. Of the 955 patients with HM enrolled, 295 were adolescents (30.9%). Logistic regression analysis showed that complete HM was more frequent in adolescents than in adults (6.19 and 3.61, respectively, OR: 0.58; 95% IC: 0.40 – 0.85). There was a significant association between complete HM and risk of developing post-molar GTN regardless of age (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.87-3.47). However, the incidence of GTN following complete mole was lower in adolescents (20.1%, 51/254) than in adults (31.3%, 162/517) (p = 0.16; OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.57- 1.09). Although complete HM is two-fold more frequent during adolescence than during adulthood (≥ 20years), no increase in the incidence of postmolar GTN was observed in adolescents. Indeed, adolescence seemed to have a protective effect against post-molar GTN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pio_dam_me_botfm.pdf: 418812 bytes, checksum: 67f703457804df16fa3f3a35d602fa6f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As síndromes hipertensivas são as complicações mais frequentes na gestação constituindo, no Brasil, como primeira causa de mortalidade materna. Devido à importância do tema ligado à gestação de alto risco, várias discussões vêm sendo realizadas no âmbito das políticas públicas em saúde e no campo das recomendações de procedimentos técnicos. Na gravidez, há situações favoráveis e adversas, que podem provocar e acentuar angústias e transtornos, manifestados no plano psicológico e psicossomático. É consensual na psicologia e na psicanálise a importância das primeiras relações. A mãe é considerada a principal referência emocional no início da vida, importante para a construção psíquica, afetiva e social do filho. Para a mulher, por sua vez, o processo de tornar-se mãe, provoca conflitos primitivos e transformações profundas e abrangentes. Objetivou-se compreender a constituição da relação afetiva mãe-bebê, na gravidez de alto risco, considerando a vivência psíquica das mulheres com o diagnóstico de pré-eclâmpsia. O estudo foi realizado com a participação de nove gestantes, em sua maior parte durante a internação no Hospital Materno-Infantil (HMI), da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA). Foi realizada entrevista semi-estruturada na gestação. O estudo teve abordagem qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo temática e enfoque norteado por referenciais psicanalíticos. Os temas emergentes foram: Sentimentos frente à descoberta da gravidez; As Expectativas: da ambivalência ao vínculo mãe-bebê; Maternidade e maternagem: crise vital ou risco? e, A hipertensão na gestação: perspectivas psicossomáticas e repercussões emocionais da doença. O desejo da maternidade foi manifesto, na maior parte das gestantes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / The hypertension syndromes are the most frequent complications in pregnancy and in Brazil, the first cause of maternal mortality. Due to the importance of the subject connected to high-risk pregnancy, several discussions have been held within the framework of public policies in health and in the field of technical procedures recommendations. In pregnancy, there are favorable and unfavorable situations, which can cause and exacerbate distress and inconvenience, manifested in psychological and psychosomatic plan. It is consensus in psychology and psychoanalysis the importance of early relationships. The mother is considered the main emotional reference in early life, important to mental, affective and social construction of the child. For the woman, the process of becoming a mother provokes primitive conflicts besides deep and wide range transformations. The purpose was to understand the constitution of affective mother-baby relationship, high-risk pregnancy, considering the psychic experience of women with pre-eclampsia diagnosis. The study was conducted with the participation of nine pregnant women, mostly during the hospitalization in Hospital Materno-Infantil (HMI), Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA). Structured way interview in gestation was held. The study had qualitative approach with thematic content analysis and approach guided by benchmarks psychoanalytic articles. The emerging themes were: Feelings about the discovery of pregnancy; The expectations: from ambivalence to the connection between mother-baby; Maternity and mothering: vital crisis or risk? and, hypertension in pregnancy: Psychosomatic perspectives and emotional repercussions of the disease. The desire of motherhood was stated in most pregnant women, despite the risk, with a mental representation of the baby and... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Orientador: Mary Angela Parpinelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T14:35:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matias_JacintaPereira_D.pdf: 7455343 bytes, checksum: 539cc9a97df5792813218e5f0cde9a01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Objetivos: analisar a tendência da mortalidade de mulheres em idade reprodutiva por grupos de causas, enfatizando a mortalidade materna. Métodos: estudo populacional de série temporal, através de banco de dados eletrônico com informações da declaração de óbito (DO) emitido pela Fundação SEADE, correspondente ao total de óbitos de mulheres de 10 a 49 anos, residentes no município de Jundiaí, São Paulo, no período de 1985 a 2006. Realizou-se a conversão das causas básicas de todas as DO anteriores a 1996, codificadas pela Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID), 9ª revisão, e a recodificação pela CID, 10ª. revisão. Calcularam-se os coeficientes específicos de mortalidade por capítulos da CID10, por algumas causas e por subgrupos etários por 100.000 mulheres. As estimativas populacionais e o número de nascidos vivos (NV) foram obtidos dos registros da Fundação SEADE. A análise de tendência foi realizada pelo método de regressão de Poisson ajustado pelos períodos de 1985-89, 1990-94, 1995-99, 2000-06, e por faixa etária. Os riscos relativos e os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram calculados. Calculou-se a razão de morte materna (RMM) oficial e corrigida para o período de 1999 a 2006. A investigação das causas maternas declaradas ou presumíveis foi realizada através dos arquivos do comitê municipal de investigação da morte materno-infantil (CMIMM). Resultados: a mortalidade geral de mulheres em idade reprodutiva apresentou tendência decrescente a partir do período de 1995-99, RR 0,85 (0,77-0,93), e de 2000-06, RR 0,47 (0,43-0,51). As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), as neoplasias e as causas externas foram os principais grupos de causas. As mortes por DCV reduziram significativamente a partir de 1995 e passaram para a 2a causa de morte no período de 2000-06. A mortalidade por neoplasias manteve-se estável, com pequena variação nos coeficientes (23,8 em 1985-89 para 25,7 em 2000-06) e passou a ocupar a primeira causa de morte, no último período. Os coeficientes de mortalidade por causas externas foram significativamente decrescentes, no último período, e mantiveram-se como a terceira causa de morte. Não houve tendência de redução da mortalidade por agressões e por AIDS. A mortalidade materna foi a 10a causa de morte no último período. A RMM corrigida foi de 29,4 mortes por 100.000 NV, para o período de 1999 a 2006, com subnotificação de 50% e fator de correção 2. As mortes maternas foram por causas majoritariamente diretas, sendo as síndromes hipertensivas e a infecção as mais prevalentes. Conclusões: os resultados mostraram melhoria das condições de vida e de saúde das mulheres, entretanto a ausência de queda da mortalidade por causas evitáveis, como agressões e AIDS, aponta para a necessidade de políticas públicas sociais e de programas preventivos. A prevalência das causas obstétricas diretas, principalmente as síndromes hipertensivas, sugere a necessidade de revisão de protocolo assistencial e falha na integração entre os níveis de assistência obstétrica ambulatorial e hospitalar. É necessário aperfeiçoar a atribuição da causa materna de morte e promover a publicação periódica da investigação das mesmas pelo CMIMM / Abstract: Objectives: to analyze the mortality trend of reproductive age women per causal groups, emphasizing maternal mortality. Methods: a time series population study with death certificate (DC) information, through electronic database issued by the SEADE Foundation, corresponding to the total number of deaths from women age 10 to 49 years old, residing in the municipality of Jundiaí, São Paulo, in the period from 1985 to 2006. The basic cause of all DC conversion before 1996 was performed. Causes were coded by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th revision, recoding was performed by the ICD, 10th revision, was performed. The specific rates of mortality per ICD 10 chapters were calculated by some causes and age subgroups per 100.000 women. The population estimates and the number of live births (LV) were obtained from the SEADE Foundation records. The trend analysis was performed by the Poisson regression model adjusted for the periods of 1985-89, 1990-94, 1995-99, 2000-06, and age group. The related risks and confidence intervals of 95% (CI 95%) were calculated. The official maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was calculated and corrected for the period from 1999 to 2006. The investigation of the stated or presumptive maternal causes was performed through the files of ¿Comitê Municipal de Investigação da Morte Materno-infantil¿ (CMMMI). Results: the general mortality of reproductive age women displayed a decreasing trend from the period of 1995-99, RR 0.85 (0.77-0.93), and of 2000-06, RR 0.47 (0.43-0.51). The cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neoplasm and external causes were the main groups of causes. The deaths per CVD were reduced from 1995, with significant trend and turned into the second cause of death in the period of 2000-06. The mortality per neoplasm was kept stable, with little rate variation (23.8 in 1985-89 to 25.7 in 2000-06) and started occupying the first cause of death in the latter period. The mortality rates per external causes decreased, with a significant trend in the latter period, and continued as the third cause of death. There wasn¿t decrease in mortality per aggressions and AIDS. The maternal mortality was the 10th cause of death in the latter period. The corrected MMR was 29.4 deaths per 100.000 LB, for the period from 1999 to 2006, with an underreporting rate of 50% and a correction factor of 2. The maternal deaths were mostly direct causes and hypertensive syndromes and infection predominated. Conclusions: the results point out to an improvement in and health and quality of life in these women. However, an increase in mortality for avoidable causes, such as aggressions and AIDS, points to the need of social public policies and prevention programs. The prevalence of direct obstetric causes as determining factors, mainly the hypertensive syndromes, suggests the need of healthcare protocol review and possible failure of integration between the obstetric outpatient and healthcare levels. It is necessary to improve the attribution of the maternal mortality cause and promote periodic publication of death causes investigation by the CMMMI / Doutorado / Tocoginecologia / Doutor em Tocoginecologia

Intrinsecamente, todo procedimento cirúrgico apresenta um certo índice de intercorrências e/ou complicações associadas. Hemorragias, infecções, parestesias ou disestesias e perda primária dos implantes são algumas das intercorrências e complicações mais comuns relacionadas a procedimentos cirúrgicos para implantodontia. Este estudo avaliou retrospectivamente o índice de intercorrências e complicações após cirurgia para a instalação de implantes dentais osteointegráveis. Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, 660 prontuários clínicos de pacientes submetidos à instalação de implantes osteointegráveis no período 8 anos atendidos na Área de Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - Unicamp. Os resultados demonstraram que houve um maior índice de intercorrências e complicações quando os pacientes eram atendidos por alunos de especialização (p= 0,015) e quando o exame por imagem realizado era somente a radiografia panorâmica convencional (p= 0,011). Os resultados demonstraram também um maior índice de intercorrências e complicações nos pacientes quando estes eram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de reconstrução óssea alveolar (p< 0,0001). A presença de infecção pós-operatória influenciou significativamente para o aumento no índice de perda primária de implantes (p< 0,0001). / Intrinsically, every surgical procedure presents a certain rate of associated intercurrences and/or complications. Hemorrhages, infections, paresthesias or dysesthesias and primary loss of implants are some of the most common intercurrences and complications related to surgical procedures in implant dentistry. This study conducted a retrospective evaluation of the rate of intercurrences and complications related to patients submitted to osseointegratable dental implant placement. A retrospective evaluation was made of 660 clinical record charts of patients submitted to osseointegratable dental implants in the period of 8 years, attended in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Piracicaba Dental School - Unicamp. The results showed that there was a higher rate of intercurrences and complications when patients were attended by residents (p= 0.015) and when the panoramic radiograph was the only preoperative image exam requested (p= 0.011). The results also showed a higher rate of intercurrences and complications in patients when they were submitted to surgical procedures of alveolar bone reconstruction (p< 0.0001). The presence of post-operative infection had a significant influence on the increase in the primary loss of implants (p< 0.0001).

Introdução O transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) afeta entre 3 e 10% das crianças em idade escolar, ocasionando prejuízos no funcionamento individual, acadêmico e social na infância e adolescência. Apesar disso, sua etiologia ainda não é totalmente conhecida. A alta herdabilidade do TDAH leva a crer que fatores genéticos exerçam papel fundamental na predisposição para o transtorno. Entretanto, a ocorrência da patologia vai depender ainda da interação de genes com fatores de risco ambientais. Restam muitas questões a serem esclarecidas, uma delas é se há relação entre os fatores de risco ambientais e a expressão fenotípica, resultando nos diferentes subtipos do TDAH. Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar a associação entre complicações perinatais (complicações ocorridas nos períodos pré, peri e pós-natal imediato - CPPs) e TDAH do subtipo desatento (TDAH-D). Método Participaram desse estudo, crianças e adolescentes entre 6 e 17 anos, provenientes de doze escolas estaduais e de um ambulatório especializado em TDAH de Porto Alegre. Após a realização de extensa avaliação diagnóstica, foram incluídas 124 crianças e adolescentes com o diagnóstico de TDAH-D e 124 controles sem o transtorno, pareados por idade e sexo. Informações sobre complicações ocorridas durante os períodos pré, peri e pós-natal imediato, assim como sobre potencias confundidores, foram coletadas diretamente com as mães biológicas dos sujeitos. Resultados A análise de regressão logística condicional mostrou que, para as crianças e adolescentes cujas mães apresentaram maior número de complicações perinatais, o risco de TDAH-D foi significativamente mais elevado (p = 0.005; OR= 1.25; IC95%: 1.1 – 1.5). Conclusões Em um estudo de caso-controle, foi possível expandir para o TDAH predominantemente desatento os achados prévios que sugeriam a associação entre fatores perinatais e TDAH sem um subtipo específico. / Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects between 3% and 10% of school aged children, leading to impaired individual, academic and social functioning in childhood and adolescence. Despite of that, the etiology of ADHD remains unclear. The high heritability points to a large genetic contribution to the etiology of ADHD. However, the development of the disorder will also depend of an interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Many questions remain to be answered, such as the association between the ADHD phenotypic heterogeneity and the environmental risk factors, leading to different subtypes of the disorder. Objective The objective of the present study is to investigate the association between pre-, peri-, and early postnatal complications (PDPC) and ADHD predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I). Method: Children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years old from 12 public schools, and from an ADHD outpatient program both in Porto Alegre were assessed. After an extensive diagnostic evaluation, 124 ADHD-I cases and 124 non-ADHD controls, matched by sex and age, were included in the study. Informations about prenatal, delivery and early postnatal complications, as well as potential confounders were obtained by direct interview with biological mothers. Results: Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that children and adolescents whose mothers presented more PDPC had a significant higher risk for ADHD-I (p = 0.005; OR= 1.25; CI95%: 1.1 – 1.5). Conclusions: In a case-control study, we expanded to ADHD-I previous findings suggesting the association between perinatal factors and broadly defined ADHD.

Orientador: Paulo Sérgio Flores Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neves_FredericoSampaio_M.pdf: 794899 bytes, checksum: 80251cf210efd77f2ef2e0462458f1d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a confiabilidade da tomografia computadorizada multidetector (TCMD) na avaliação da relação de risco cirúrgico para o feixe neurovascular alveolar inferior em exodontias de terceiros molares. Participaram do estudo 33 indivíduos (63 terceiros molares), que se submeteram a TCMD na avaliação pré-operatória para exodontia dos terceiros molares inferiores inclusos. A TCMD foi utilizada na determinação da relação das raízes dos terceiros molares com o canal mandibular e do curso do canal mandibular. A exposição do nervo alveolar inferior (NAI) e a presença de hemorragia foram analisadas após a remoção do dente. Alteração neurossensorial do NAI foi avaliada após 7 dias. Achados clínicos e tomográficos foram comparados por meio do teste exato de Fischer (p<0,05). Foi observada relação estatisticamente significativa entre a exposição do NAI e a relação tomográfica entre as raízes dos terceiros molares e o canal mandibular (p=0,015). Todos os casos de alteração neurossensorial do NAI e hemorragia ocorreram quando as raízes do terceiro molar se apresentaram em relação de risco com o canal mandibular, porém a associação não foi estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05). Relação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre o curso lingual do canal mandibular e a exposição do NAI (p=0,03). Portanto, a TCMD mostrou-se eficaz na determinação do risco cirúrgico para o feixe neurovascular alveolar inferior em exodontias de terceiros molares / Abstract: This study assessed the reliability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in determining the surgical risk to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in extractions of third molars. Our sample comprised thirty-three individuals (63 third molars) who underwent preoperative evaluation by MDCT before extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. MDCT was used to determine the relationship between the roots of the third molars and the mandibular canal and the course of the mandibular canal. IAN exposure and the presence of hemorrhage were analyzed after removal of the teeth. IAN neurosensory deficit was recorded after 7 days. Clinical and MDCT findings were compared using Fisher's exact test (p<0,05). There was a statistically significant association between IAN exposure and the tomographic relationship between the roots of third molars and the mandibular canal (p=0,015). All cases of IAN neurosensory deficit and hemorrhage occurred when the roots of the third molar presented in an at-risk relationship with the mandibular canal, however these associations were not statistically significant (p>0,05). A statistically significant association was found between the lingual course of the mandibular canal and IAN exposure (p=0,03). Thus, MDCT is effective in determining the surgical risk to the IAN bundle in extraction of mandibular third molars / Mestrado / Radiologia Odontologica / Mestre em Radiologia Odontológica