Under the framework of dual-route theory of speech comprehension, two neurological routes are simultaneously active during speech decoding, the dorsal stream and the ventral stream. The dorsal stream is argued to be a sound processor whereas the ventral stream is a meaning processor, hence in cognitive terms, they are called the sound component and the meaning component respectively. Hypotheses concerning the processing speed and response accuracy of these two cognitive components were tested on compound words in Modern Mandarin Chinese. Four experiments were run contrasting, the sound-based task and the meaning-based task, corresponding to each of the two cognitive components. In Experiment 1 and 2, the Task effect was tested on one set of words in which the word-level and word-initial-syllable frequencies were controlled. In Experiment 3 and 4, the Task effect was tested on a different set of words in which semantic transparency was controlled. Multiple regression analyses integrating the data collected in Experiment 1-4 were conducted to test which language theory was preferred, the probability-based theory, the rule-based theory or the integrative theory. The probability-based theory suggests that speech comprehension of compound words relies only on the probability distribution of linguistic units. The rule-based theory suggests that speech comprehension of compound words relies only on phrase-structural rules. The integrative theory suggests that speech comprehension of compound words relies on both the probabilities of linguistic units and phrase-structural rules. It was suggested that the integrative theory explains the data best, but further data testing is needed to confirm this hypothesis. The results of the present study provide evidence for functional trade-off of the sound and meaning components, garden path effects during parsing opaque words and the possibility of the role of a mirror system in human speech comprehension.

Dentro de los procesos de formación de palabras, el mecanismo morfológico de la composición ha sido poco estudiado en el aimara y en otras lenguas andinas. Esta investigación muestra una descripción de las maneras de cómo se conforman las palabras compuestas en la gramática del aimara de Conima. Por tanto, en este trabajo se analizan la estructura y la combinatoria sintáctica de las palabras compuestas en esta variedad lingüística. La data ha sido recogida de los hablantes y de la información procedente de los principales diccionarios en aimara. En este estudio, se concluye que el aimara de Conima forma compuestos a partir de seis patrones sintácticos que siguen la estructura complemento-núcleo. Finalmente, en relación con su tipología, en la indagación se indica que esta variedad emplea la composición para formar palabras compuestas básicamente de orden nominal. / Within the processes of word formation, the morphological mechanism of the compounding has been little studied in Aymara and other Andean languages. This survey shows a description of the ways in which the compound words are formed in the grammar of Conima Aymara. Therefore, this work analyzes the structure and the syntactic combination of the composition in this linguistic variety. The data has been collected from the speakers and from the main dictionaries in Aymara. The present investigation concludes that the Conima Aymara forms compounds from six syntactic patterns that follow the complement-core structure. Finally, in relation to its typology, this survey points out that the Conima Aymara basically creates nominal compounding. / Revisón por pares

長久以來，漢語中詞彙的並列關係已經受到許多漢語學者的注意。本文以大約可被認為是秦代之前成書的十本史書及子書作為研究資料，對當時詞彙的並列使用作一些研究。本文共分為六章。第一章是動機、範圍、材料及內容簡述。第二章對於「並列結構」一詞的界定作一鑑別標準及說明，並將以前學者的研究意見作整理。另外，也簡單說明並列結構的基本詞數是兩個單音詞。第三章討論並列結構的語法功用，發現並列結構在動詞組合和名詞組合之間的語法功用是不同的。而趨向動詞並列結構也可由其特徵分作五類。第四章說明詞序的情形。並列結構中有百分之十有詞序顛倒的情形。第五章研究聲韻對詞序的影響。我們發現，除了聲調以外，聲母和韻母也對詞序有影響。第六章是結論。

There is an ongoing debate about the components and processes of creativity. Within the subfield of creative insight, which is often considered to be the first measurable part of creativity, the role of working memory is discussed. Since creative insight appears to happen without conscious planning, the involvement of working memory appears to be limited; a hypothesis supported by several studies. However, there are several studies that support an opposing hypothesis. Namely, that creativity, including creative insights, is a form of divergent thinking and that working memory is needed for divergent thinking. This study investigated the role of working memory in creative insight through correlation analyses between working memory capacity, the frequency of insight and divergent thinking ability. The study was performed using Operation Span to test working memory capacity, Compound Word Association to assess the frequency of insight, and a part of Torrance Test of Creative Thinking to assess the ability for divergent thinking. The result show that working memory have little involvement in creative insight, but that it is involved in divergent thinking. This indicates that the nature of insight is different from divergent thinking.

The main topic of this thesis are the multiword expressions in the italian language. The thesis is divided into two parts - the theorical and the empirical part. The theorical part deals with the multiword expressions, the syntagmas and the idiomatic expressions. In the empirical part the connections between the constituents of the multiword expressions will be researched. Than four criteria will be on the multiword expressions applied (head inflection, insertion of the head's modifiers, pronominalisation of the head and dislocation and topicalization of the head). These transformations will be verified with the aid of corpora and questionnaires. Depending on the results of this research will be decided if the multiword expressions resemble the syntagmas or the idiomatic expressions.