Plusieurs villes moyennes de l’est de la France se sont lancées, dans le courant des années 2000, dans la conception de nouveaux quartiers principalement dédiés à l’habitation. Dix ans plus tard, les premiers logements sont livrés aux propriétaires et aux locataires qui investissent les lieux et commencent à se les approprier. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de rendre compte de l’expérience socio-spatiale de ces habitants à partir d’une méthode de recherche qualitative et d’une approche sociologique compréhensive. Cette recherche porte plus précisément sur trois quartiers en train de se faire dans deux villes moyennes de l’est de la France et s’appuie sur un matériau empirique constitué d’entretiens semi-directifs et non-directifs menés auprès des habitants des quartiers, indépendamment de leur statut d’occupation, et des concepteurs (élus, techniciens, urbanistes, etc.). À la manière d’Henri Lefebvre, l’espace des nouveaux quartiers est analysé au prisme de la triplicité de l’espace, laquelle distingue l’espace conçu, l’espace perçu et l’espace vécu. Ces différents moments de l’espace sont étudiés séparément – afin de mettre en exergue la dialectique propre à chaque moment – puis assemblés à nouveau dans le but de montrer la tension qui les anime. Porter attention à l’espace conçu invite à questionner le mode de production contemporain de la ville qui s’incarne depuis les années 1980 dans la notion de projet urbain. L’espace conçu est aussi un espace vendu, un espace virtuel, modélisé en 3D dans des publicités qui présentent les lieux en construction de manière utopique et les donnent comme « prêts-à-habiter ». Pourtant, ces espaces idéaux sont aseptisés, lissés et standardisés. Les nouveaux quartiers existent également dans la pratique concrète de l’espace, dans l’espace vécu. Même si les habitants sont pris dans divers réseaux d’appartenances, mêmes s’ils pratiquent la ville à la carte, en fonction de leurs histoires, de leurs habitudes ou de leurs compétences propres de mobilité, le nouveau quartier est un espace qui fait sens, à la fois comme lieu, comme territoire et comme milieu. Seulement, la présente étude montre que le nouveau quartier ne fait pas toujours sens de la même manière, qu’il est dépendant des moments, des contextes et des situations dans lesquels il est mobilisé, qu’il est un enjeu identitaire et représentationnel / In the course of the 2000 s, several medium-size cities in the East of France decided to design new neighborhoods dedicated mostly to housing. Ten years after, the first accommodations were made available to both homeowners and tenants, who began to occupy and appropriate those locations. The aim of this research, which relies on a ‘‘comprehensive’’ sociological approach in conjunction with qualitative research methods, is to give full account of the socio-spatial experience of the residents. More precisely, this PhD focuses on three neighborhoods in the making located in two medium-size cities in the East of France and is based on empirical material that includes semi-structured as well as unstructured interviews of the residents – independently of their occupancy status – and of the designers (elected officials, technicians, city planners, etc.). The space of the developing neighborhoods is analyzed following Henri Lefebvre’s model of the “spatial triad”, which divides space into “the conceived space” (or representations of space), “the perceived space” (or spatial practice) and “the lived space” (or representational space). Each of these moments is studied separately – to highlight the dialectic behind each moment – then together again to show the tensions at work. Focusing on the conceived space invites us to question the contemporary production method of cities which is embodied since the 1980 s by the concept of ‘‘urban project’’. The conceived space is also a marketed space, a virtual space, a 3D model space appearing in advertisements presenting the accommodations which are still under construction as a ready-to-live-in utopia. However, these ideal spaces are aseptic, bland and standardized. The developing neighborhoods also exist through their concrete practice, through the lived space. Although the local residents develop multiple identities and affiliations, even if they practice the urban world differently because of their backgrounds, their habits or their own mobility capabilities, the new neighborhood is a significant place both as a location, a territory and a milieu. Nevertheless, this research shows that new neighborhoods do not always carry the same significance but are highly dependent on the moments, contexts and situations when they are mobilized, that they truly represent an identity and representational issue

This dissertation deals with the specifics of the design of "objectivity" in Max Weber. Therefore, it seeks to locate this design through a comparison with various theoretical and methodological lines, including most importantly Marxism and positivism and hermeneutics. Do not search here necessarily draw a comprehensive and detailed the origins of the notion of "objectivity" in Weber, but by comparison with other lines of thought about the "objectivity" of the role of science and social science or science of culture highlight what's innovative in building epistemological and methodological Weber doing his work culminating in a singular vision, specifically, about the "objectivity. We conclude that Weber has managed to keep the "objectivity" while that left open possibilities for the intersection between the sphere of subjectivity and objectivity in the realm of social phenomena, ie, between the substrate subjective actions of social agents and substrate material, causal and institutional. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Esta dissertação trata das especificidades da concepção de “objetividade” em Max Weber. Para tanto, busca localizar esta concepção através de um confronto com várias linhas teóricas e metodológicas, das quais se destacam o marxismo e o positivismo e a hermenêutica. Não se busca aqui necessariamente traçar de forma exaustiva e aprofundada as origens da noção de “objetividade” em Weber, mas, através do confronto com outras linhas de pensamento acerca da “objetividade” científica e do papel da ciência social ou da ciência da cultura, evidenciar o que tem de inovador na construção epistemológica e metodológica weberiana que faz sua obra culminar numa visão singular, específica, cerca da “objetividade. Conclui-se que Weber conseguiu conservar a “objetividade” ao mesmo tempo em que deixava aberta possibilidades para a intersecção entre a esfera da subjetividade e a esfera da objetividade dos fenômenos sociais, ou seja, entre o substrato subjetivo das ações dos agentes sociais e o substrato material, causal e institucional.