Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The problem of this dissertation is to examine William James's concept of the self and to evaluate his view in the light of selected contemporary theories of the self. Because James was the first great American psychologist to show sustained interest in the self, this paper examines his view of the self for possible relationships and similarities to current theories, specifically those of Gordon Allport, Carl Rogers, and the organismic and the phenomenological theories of the self. The method employed by the dissertation has involved analysis and comparison of the various theories and an evaluation of differences. The dissertation first offers an expository analysis of James's concept of the self, followed by similar expositions of theories by Allport and Rogers and those of the organismic and phenomenological schools. For James, the subject-object self is a phenomenal experience of the organism. The unifying stream of thought, each new thought inheriting all that the preceding thought possessed, constitutes the consistent identity of the self, eliminating the need for any other explanation of the coherence and continuity of the self. The self is capable of growth and change and has constituent aspects of a material, social and spiritual nature which generate feelings and actions. The constituent facets of the self are hierarchically arranged, creating an inner harmony which is purposive in character. For Allport, the term self is applied to the gradually evolving central aspects of one's existence, the bodily sense, continuing self-identity, self-esteem, self-extension, the self-image, the self as rational coper, and the self as goal-seeker. Having unity and continuing identity, the self is an object of knowledge. It is also a knowing self and, though this aspect remains undefined, is definitely not an homunculus. For Rogers, the self is gradually differentiated from the organism's total experience and is a unique value structure resulting from interpersonal relationships. This value system and the drive toward self-preservation, maintenance, and enhancement provide for consistency and unity in the self. The sovereign drive makes growth and change possible. The self is thus a process as well as a system. Organismic theory emphasizes the unity, integrity, coherence, and consistency of the self-actualizing organism. Inherent potentiality is stressed rather than environmental effects and pressures. The object of concern is the whole person rather than part functions. Phenomenological theory sees the self as a developmental social product, capable of change and centered around its fundamental need: the sense of adequacy. The self is both object (self-experiences) and process (an aspect of the phenomenal field which determines all behavior). In comparison with Allport and Rogers, James says little about the origin and development of the self, presents no coherent, unified, motivational theory, gives little insight into the way change occurs in the self and, though in agreement with Allport and Rogers regarding the self as object, he reduces the self as knower to passing thoughts phenomenally perceived as intra-cephalic movements and sensations. The successive states of consciousness also account, functionally, for the unity and identity of the self. Because of its unsystematic nature, internal inconsistency and omissions, James's theory was seen to be lacking in explicitness and structural detail. On the basis of the analysis and comparison, certain conclusions seem warranted: (1) In its broadest terms and particularly in the spirit of its approach, James's theory was judged viable; (2) Its chief values, theoretically and practically, are its broad perspective, its tentativeness, and its emphasis on phenomenological method rather than its specific content; (3) Though viable in its perspective and spirit, James's theory was considered to be lacking in clarity and focus to the point of ambiguity. / 2031-01-01

Bibliography / Thesis (MEdPsych))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: ‘Self-esteem development’ is an outcome in the South African education curriculum. However, it does not appear to be underpinned by (a) clear and/or comprehensive understanding(s), potentially endangering its realisation. Rationale: In developing (a) contextualised understanding(s) in cosmopolitan South Africa, extant scholarship offers a limited resource. It is largely ‘westernised’, quantitative, and privileges the often conflicting understandings of academics thereby marginalising ‘non-academic’ role players. Gaining currency, inclusive Mode 2 hybrid trans-disciplinary research aims to augment understandings by bridging the academic – practice disconnect, championing epistemological contextualisation, democratisation and collaboration between different role players. Furthermore, Shavelson, Hubner and Stanton’s (1976) classic review of ‘self-concept’ scholarship which generated a landmark new model, and Marsh and O’Mara’s (2008) declaration of its multidisciplinarity, resonate with this study’s approach. Main Research Question: Focusing on the frequently associated concept of ‘self-esteem’, this study asked the main research question: “What is/are a trans-disciplinary collaborative team’s facilitated understanding(s) of ‘self-esteem’ and ‘selfesteem development in the (South African) educational context(s)’?” Aim: This study involved hybrid trans-disciplinary collaboration between the voices of scholarship and ‘non-academic’ and ‘local’ voices aiming to develop a ‘new’ inclusive and contextually sensitive model. This study’s hybrid EMDC or local education authority trans-disciplinary collaborative team consisted of school, intern or educational psychologists, social workers, learning support advisors, life orientation curriculum advisors, life orientation educators, and the voices of literature (scholarship and ‘non-academic’ and/or local literature). Design and Implementation: A hybrid qualitative, participatory ‘action’ research design employed four workshops and inter-workshop periods with action including within the team and somewhat within their contexts. ‘Transgogy’ based on trans-disciplinary collaboration principles and Mezirowean and Freirean andragogic theories, facilitated the process. Data Constructions: A ‘self-ecosystemic model of ‘self-esteem’ and ‘self-esteem development in the (South African) educational context(s)’’ was developed, with the process and ‘product’ concept of ‘meta selfesteem’ or ‘the evaluation of the evaluation or self-esteem’ at the apex of a novel self-esteem hierarchy conceptualisation. The ‘optimal’ meta self-esteem ‘product’ or nature status is a ‘high healthy self-esteem’ and with the concomitant process, provide the prime aims of self-esteem development. An intact ‘core self-esteem’ or ‘I matter no matter what’ is a sine qua non of the metastatus of ‘healthy’, as is evenly dovetailing individualism with, for example, the African collectivistic philosophy of ‘ubuntu’. Discussion of the Data and ‘Concluding’ the Journey: This data, model, the implications, recommendations, and evaluation of this study are presented and discussed. This journey is then ‘concluded’. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel ‘self-agtingsontwikkeling’ as ‘n leeruitkoms in die Suid-Afrikaanse Lewensoriënteringkurrikulum geformuleer is, wil dit voorkom of dit nie geanker word in ‘n duidelike en/of omvattende begripsverklaring nie wat dus potensieel die verwesenliking daarvan bedreig. Bestaande navorsingsliteratuur bied beperkte verklaring van die konsep vir gebruik binne die multikulturele konteks van Suid-Afrika. Die verklarings is grootendeels ‘verwesters’, kwantitatief, en bevoordeel die dikwels teenstrydige verduidelikings van akademici wat in die proses ‘nieakademiese’ rolspelers marginaliseer. Die transdissiplinêre benadering volg ‘n Modus 2 formaat deur verskeie rolspelers te betrek wat saam kennis konstrueer met die doel om die begrip epistemologies te konstekstualiseer en die diskrepansie tussen akademiese en praktykkonnotasies te oorbrug. Die studie steun veral op Shavelson, Hubner en Stanton (1976) se klassieke oorsig van selfkonsep en Marsh en O’Mara (2008) se verklaring van multidissiplinariteit. Die navorsingsvraag wat hierdie studie gerig het was: “Wat is ‘n trans-dissiplinêre kollaboratiewe span se gefasiliteerde begrip van self-agting en self-agtingontwikkeling in die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwyskonteks?” Die doel van die studie was om met interaksie tussen die stemme in die navorsingsliteratuur oor selfkonsep en die singewing van die lede van die span ‘n werkbare model te ontwikkel om die konsep self-agting in die plaaslike konteks beter te verstaan. Die trans-dissiplinêre samewerkende span het bestaan uit sielkundiges, maatskaplike werkers, leerondersteuningsadviseurs, lewensoriëntering kurrikulumadviseurs, lewensoriënteringopvoeders van ‘n plaaslike OBOS, asook die stemme van die literatuur (akademiese en nieakademiese en/of plaaslike literatuur). ’n Kwalitatiewe, deelnemende aksienavorsingsprojek is ontwerp wat vier werkswinkels met tussenposes insluit. ‘n Transgogiese benadering gegrond op transdissiplinêre kollaboratiewe beginsels en andragogiese teorie van Mezirow en Freire is gevolg om die groep se prosses van begripsbou te fasiliteer. Die produk van die werkswinkels was ‘n ‘Selfekosistemiese model van ‘self-agting’ en ‘self-agtingontwikkeling in die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwyskontek’. Hierdie model kan as raamwerk gebruik word in die praktykmaak van die uitkomste rakende selfagting in die Lewensoriëringkurrikulum.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-15T13:03:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Sueli Souzaseg.pdf: 4214280 bytes, checksum: 047cc86784d41ca550d5ff14cea2a292 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Alice Ribeiro(malice@ufba.br) on 2013-05-07T13:33:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Sueli Souzaseg.pdf: 4214280 bytes, checksum: 047cc86784d41ca550d5ff14cea2a292 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-07T13:33:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Sueli Souzaseg.pdf: 4214280 bytes, checksum: 047cc86784d41ca550d5ff14cea2a292 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal compreender a construção do “self” de mulheres pentecostais que experiênciaram contextos de aflição (grupos da 1º, 2° Geração). São as mulheres, que sendo maioria nas igrejas,1 e também, talvez, por preferência própria, estão responsabilizadas por boa parte dos serviços de cura desenvolvidos nas agências pentecostais através dos dons. No caso das mulheres a aquisição dos dons está ligada a um projeto de dedicação a obra Deus. Essa aquisição traz implicações diretas ao cotidiano; a partir do desejo de sair para pregar, as fiéis empreendem os passos para ampliar o estreito mundo da casa para o mundo da rua.A carreira pentecostal das mulheres no que concerne a aquisição dos dons parece estar implicada ainda na reconstrução do “Self”. “Self” aqui compreendido enquanto a autoconsciência, sendo um produto sócio-cultural por que: a) a experiência humana acontece em ambiente social, em íntimos e contínuos contatos com outros seres humanos; b) a autoconsciência acontece a partir da aquisição de uma língua e c) o conteúdo dado ao mundo de objetos articulados socialmente é produzido “pari passu” com a autoconsciência (Hallowell 1954).Objetivo foi: a) Compreender as relações de mulheres no âmbito do pentecostalismo: os distintos espaços de convivência, a relação de poder que envolve essas mulheres; b) Analisar como as mulheres se apropriam do capital simbólico do grupo religioso; c) Analisar a experiência religiosa, os modos corporais de atenção que configuram a relação com o sagrado; d) Identificar a partir da construção do “self” os modos de transmissão e aprendizado religioso no papel das distintas gerações no manejo do discurso, técnicas corporais.viii Síntese Metodológica. Fase I - No início da pesquisa foi introduzido um bloco de questões aplicadas junto às lideranças religiosas, com o principal objetivo de fazer uma primeira sondagem. Em seguida se aplicou um extenso questionário junto a membros das igrejas escolhidas. Esse questionário teve sua base a partir das discussões e experiências da equipe de pesquisa coordenada pela professora Miriam Rabelo ao interior do Ecsas. Esse questionário foi importante para a compreensão da dinâmica, cosmovisão, do grupo pentecostal bem como foi essencial para escolha dos casos acompanhados. Fase II - Foi feita aplicação de entrevistas abertas baseadas em pesquisa Etnográfica Centrada na Pessoa (ECP) de acordo com os princípios metodológicos de Hollan (1998), Robert Levy (1994) e com o curso ministrado por Cravalho (1998). Segundo Cravalho a metodologia consiste principalmente, em séries de entrevistas gravadas e filmadas com uma amostra pequena e não-aleatória de pessoas, com atenção especial na modulação entre o modo informante e modo respondente no decorrer das entrevistas. No modo informante, o entrevistado apresenta para o antropólogo-entrevistador sobre a cultura e comportamento de um lugar específico e no modo respondente o próprio entrevistado se torna o objeto da investigação (Cravalho, 1998). Resultados encontrados: Foi feita uma descrição do processo de construção do “self” entre mulheres pentecostais focando as relações sócio-culturais e de poder travadas entre mulheres dentro dos seus espaços de convivência. Pontuou-se a importância do capital simbólico religioso a partir da experiência de “self” indicando os modos corporais de atenção nas relações com o sagrado. Identificou-se a partir da construção do “self” os modos de transmissão e aprendizado religioso no papel das mulheres no manejo do discurso e técnicas corporais. / Salvador

A epilepsia é uma das condições neurológicas mais prevalentes da infância afetando entre 5 a 10 crianças em cada 1.000. A epilepsia, enquanto condição crônica pode trazer riscos ao desenvolvimento físico, sócioemocional e cognitivo, aumentando a morbidade psicossocial. O desconhecimento sobre a doença, o estigma e os elementos de rotulação, podem interferir na autopercepção da criança e do adolescente com epilepsia levando a alterações no autoeficácia e autoconceito. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o impacto de um serious game no autoconceito, autoeficácia, percepção de estigma e conhecimento de crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia e comparar a autopercepção destas crianças ao utilizar outro serious game envolvendo a temática da fome mundial; realizar a adaptação transcultural do instrumento Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) e apresentar uma versão em Língua Portuguesa para uso no Brasil; desenvolver um serious game voltado à temática da epilepsia para crianças e adolescentes que apresentam esta condição; descrever e caracterizar a percepção de crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia em relação ao autoconceito, autoeficácia, estigma e conhecimento sobre epilepsia. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, dividiu-se o estudo em três eixos investigativos sendo o primeiro relacionado à descrição da metodologia e dos resultados da adaptação transcultural do instrumento Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) realizado com base nos procedimentos propostos de traduções, síntese das traduções, retrotraduções, análise das Equivalências Conceitual, Semântica, Idiomática e Experimental ou Cultural feitas por um comitê de especialistas, além do Pré-teste e Avaliação da Versão Final. Os resultados indicaram Porcentagem de Concordância, das quatro equivalências, entre 90 e 100%, chegando-se a Versão Brasileira da SSES-C. O segundo eixo investigativo voltou-se a metodologia de desenvolvimento do serious game destinado a crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia nomeado pelas pesquisadoras como Game Epilepsia. O processo de construção do jogo envolveu uma equipe multiprofissional e baseou-se em uma história com características de aventura, resultando em um serious game com jogos do tipo point and clik. O jogador pode escolher com qual personagem deseja jogar e ao longo do jogo são abordados conceituais, clínicos e psicossociais da epilepsia. O terceiro eixo investigativo foi desenvolvido no Ambulatório de Epilepsia Infantil do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, convidando-se pacientes a comporem um grupo chamado de Grupo Controle (GC) e o outro de Grupo Experimental (GE), cada um formado por 40 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos com idade entre 8 e 14 anos. Tanto o GC quanto o GE responderam ao Formulário de Caracterização Familiar e da Criança, à Escala de Estigma em Doenças Crônicas, à Versão Brasileira da Escala de Autoeficácia para Crianças com Crises Epilépticas e à Escala de Autoconceito de Piers-Harris. Apenas o GE respondeu a um Questionário de Conhecimento sobre Epilepsia desenvolvido pelas pesquisadoras. O GC foi submetido à intervenção com um serious game chamado Food Force, desenvolvido pelas Nações Unidas, cuja temática é a fome mundial, enquanto no GE utilizou-se o Game Epilepsia e ambos responderam aos instrumentos antes e após jogarem. Tanto o GC e o GE foram compostos por 23 meninos e 17 meninas cuja média de idade foi de 10,7 anos. As crianças e adolescentes do GC mostraram aumento significativo no escore da Escala de Autoconceito de Piers Harris antes e após jogaram os respectivos jogos (p 0.05). No instrumento que avaliava o estigma, os dois grupos mostraram preocupação frente ao medo das pessoas na possibilidade de ocorrência de uma crise. Na escala de autoeficácia, percebeu-se dificuldade em lidar com questões relativas a solucionar dúvidas com os profissionais da saúde. Especificamente em relação ao conhecimento sobre epilepsia avaliado no GE houve aumento percentual e estatisticamente significativo em todas as questões (p 0,01). No que tange a percepção do estigma, a autoeficácia e ao autoconceito, ao comparar-se as médias obtidas pelas 80 crianças e adolescentes do GC e do GE, as mudanças foram estatisticamente significativas com aumento nas médias pré e pós jogo (p 0,05). Quando comparada a diferença entre as médias do GC e do GE usando cada jogo, observou-se que o Game Epilepsia elevou mais os valores do autoconceito global quando comparado ao Food Force (p 0,001), mas não foram observadas modificações na percepção de estigma e autoeficácia. Adicionalmente ao se considerar a variável gênero, observou-se que percepção do autoconceito global, da autoeficácia e do estigma das meninas é estaticamente mais positiva que a dos meninos (p 0,05). De acordo com a Classificação de Cohen, a correlação entre autoconceito e autoeficácia mostrou-se moderada (r = 0,38), entre autoconceito e estigma mostrou-se forte (r = 0,59) e entre estigma e autoeficácia foi fraca com r = 0,20 (p 0,05). Destaca-se a importância de intervenções voltadas a crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia e o potencial dos serious games como ferramenta na construção do aprendizado, modificação de comportamentos e fortalecimento de sentimentos e atitudes mais positivas perante às doenças crônicas. Conclui-se que esta pesquisa permitiu a disponibilização de instrumento voltado a identificação e caracterização da autoeficácia em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia, além de um serious game que poderá ser utilizado por crianças que não tenham a doença. / Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological conditions of childhood affecting 5 to 10 children per 1,000. Epilepsy, as a chronic condition can pose risks to the physical, social-emotional and cognitive development, increasing psychosocial morbidity. Lack of knowledge about the disease, stigma and labeling elements can interfere in self-perception the children and adolescents with epilepsy leading to changes in self-efficacy and self-concept. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a serious game in the self-concept, self-efficacy, perceived stigma and knowledge of children and adolescents with epilepsy and compare the perception of these children when using other serious game involving the issue of world hunger; perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) and present a version in Portuguese for use in Brazil; develop a serious game aimed epilepsy theme for children and adolescents with this condition; describe and characterize the perception of children and adolescents with epilepsy as the self-concept, self-efficacy, stigma and knowledge about epilepsy. To achieve the proposed objectives, we divided the study into three investigative axes. The first is related to the description of the methodology and results of cross-cultural adaptation of the Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) carried out based on the steps of translation, synthesis of translations, back translations, analysis of Conceptual, Semantics, Idiomatic and Cultural or Experimental Equivalences made by a committee of experts, in addition to the pre-test and Final Version Evaluation. The results indicated Percentage of Agreement, the four equivalences between 90 and 100%, reaching to the Brazilian version of the SSES-C. The second investigative axis turned to the methodology for developing serious game aimed at children and adolescents with epilepsy appointed by the researchers as \"Game Epilepsy\". The game of the construction process involved a multidisciplinary team and was based on a story with adventure features, resulting in a serious game with type point and clik games. The player can choose which character you want to play and throughout the game are covered conceptual, clinical and psychosocial epilepsy. The third investigative hub was developed at the Clinic Epilepsy Children\'s Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo by inviting patients to be part of a group called the Control Group (CG) and the other experimental group (GE), each consisting of 40 children and adolescents of both sexes aged between 8 and 14 years. Both the GC as the GE responded to the Family Characterization Form and Child, the Stigma Scale for Chronic Diseases, the Brazilian version of the Self-efficacy Scale for Children with Epileptic Seizures and Self Scale Piers-Harris. Only GE responded to a Knowledge Questionnaire Epilepsy developed by the researchers. The GC was submitted to therapy with a serious game called \"Food Force\", developed by the United Nations, whose theme is world hunger, while in GE used the \"Game Epilepsy\" and both answered the instruments before and after play. Both GC and GE were composed of 23 boys and 17 girls whose average age was 10.7 years. GC´s children and adolescents showed a significant increase in the Self Scale score of Piers Harris before and after played games (p <= 0.05). On the instrument that measured the stigma, both groups showed concern facing the fear of the people in the possibility of a seizure. In the self-efficacy scale, it was perceived difficulty in dealing with issues to resolve doubts with healthcare professionals. Specifically in relation to information about epilepsy evaluated in GE percentage increase was statistically significant in all matters (p <= 0.01) Regarding the perception of stigma, self-efficacy and self-concept, when comparing the averages for 80 children and adolescents of GC and GE, the changes were statistically significant increase in mean pre and post game (p <= 0,05). When compared to the average difference between the CG and EG using each set, we observed that the \"game\" epilepsy elevated plus the overall self values when compared to the \"Food Force\" (p <= 0.001), but no changes were observed in the perception of stigma and self-efficacy. In addition to considering the gender variable, it was observed that perception of global self-concept, self-efficacy and stigma of girls is statically more positive than boys (p <= 0.05). According to Cohen\'s rating, the correlation between self-concept and self-efficacy was moderate (r = 0.38) between self and stigma proved to be strong (r = 0.59) and between stigma and self-efficacy was weak with r = 0.20 (p <= 0.05). We emphasize the importance of interventions aimed at children and adolescents with epilepsy and the potential of serious games as a tool for learning construction, behavior modification and strengthening of feelings and more positive attitudes to chronic diseases. We conclude that this research allowed the provision of instrument aimed at identification and characterization of self-efficacy in children and adolescents with epilepsy, and a serious game that can be used by children who do not have the disease

In the present study, mediating effects of parenting dimensions between parent values and parent-child value similarity were examined along with the relationships between values, value priorities, parent-child value similarity, and self-evaluations. In the first study, Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz, et al., 2001) was adapted to Turkish in a university sample, and its construct validity was investigated together with its psychometric qualities. In the second study, in both high-school and university samples, hypothesized relationships and mediation models were tested in, in which the mothers, fathers, and students served as the participants. Results indicated that value priorities of parents were systematically related to parenting dimensions. Parental acceptance mediated the relationship between parents&rsquo / Self- Transcendence values and parent-child value similarity, and parental control mediated the relationship between parents&rsquo / Self-Enhancement values and parentchild value similarity in both samples. Moderations effects were obtained in the university sample. Mothers&rsquo / socialization goals moderated the relationship between maternal control and mother-child value similarity in the Conservation domain. In addition, perceived importance of Self-Transcendence and Conservation values moderated the relationships between fathers&rsquo / parenting dimensions and father-child value similarity within the same domains. Value priorities were also found to be systematically related to self-esteem in the university sample per se, whereas relationships between parental congruence on value priorities, self-concept clarity and self-esteem were not significant. Results were discussed with reference to relevant literature together with implications and the limitations of the study. Contributions to current socialization research were elaborated and future research directions were highlighted.

A epilepsia é uma das condições neurológicas mais prevalentes da infância afetando entre 5 a 10 crianças em cada 1.000. A epilepsia, enquanto condição crônica pode trazer riscos ao desenvolvimento físico, sócioemocional e cognitivo, aumentando a morbidade psicossocial. O desconhecimento sobre a doença, o estigma e os elementos de rotulação, podem interferir na autopercepção da criança e do adolescente com epilepsia levando a alterações no autoeficácia e autoconceito. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o impacto de um serious game no autoconceito, autoeficácia, percepção de estigma e conhecimento de crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia e comparar a autopercepção destas crianças ao utilizar outro serious game envolvendo a temática da fome mundial; realizar a adaptação transcultural do instrumento Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) e apresentar uma versão em Língua Portuguesa para uso no Brasil; desenvolver um serious game voltado à temática da epilepsia para crianças e adolescentes que apresentam esta condição; descrever e caracterizar a percepção de crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia em relação ao autoconceito, autoeficácia, estigma e conhecimento sobre epilepsia. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, dividiu-se o estudo em três eixos investigativos sendo o primeiro relacionado à descrição da metodologia e dos resultados da adaptação transcultural do instrumento Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) realizado com base nos procedimentos propostos de traduções, síntese das traduções, retrotraduções, análise das Equivalências Conceitual, Semântica, Idiomática e Experimental ou Cultural feitas por um comitê de especialistas, além do Pré-teste e Avaliação da Versão Final. Os resultados indicaram Porcentagem de Concordância, das quatro equivalências, entre 90 e 100%, chegando-se a Versão Brasileira da SSES-C. O segundo eixo investigativo voltou-se a metodologia de desenvolvimento do serious game destinado a crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia nomeado pelas pesquisadoras como Game Epilepsia. O processo de construção do jogo envolveu uma equipe multiprofissional e baseou-se em uma história com características de aventura, resultando em um serious game com jogos do tipo point and clik. O jogador pode escolher com qual personagem deseja jogar e ao longo do jogo são abordados conceituais, clínicos e psicossociais da epilepsia. O terceiro eixo investigativo foi desenvolvido no Ambulatório de Epilepsia Infantil do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, convidando-se pacientes a comporem um grupo chamado de Grupo Controle (GC) e o outro de Grupo Experimental (GE), cada um formado por 40 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos com idade entre 8 e 14 anos. Tanto o GC quanto o GE responderam ao Formulário de Caracterização Familiar e da Criança, à Escala de Estigma em Doenças Crônicas, à Versão Brasileira da Escala de Autoeficácia para Crianças com Crises Epilépticas e à Escala de Autoconceito de Piers-Harris. Apenas o GE respondeu a um Questionário de Conhecimento sobre Epilepsia desenvolvido pelas pesquisadoras. O GC foi submetido à intervenção com um serious game chamado Food Force, desenvolvido pelas Nações Unidas, cuja temática é a fome mundial, enquanto no GE utilizou-se o Game Epilepsia e ambos responderam aos instrumentos antes e após jogarem. Tanto o GC e o GE foram compostos por 23 meninos e 17 meninas cuja média de idade foi de 10,7 anos. As crianças e adolescentes do GC mostraram aumento significativo no escore da Escala de Autoconceito de Piers Harris antes e após jogaram os respectivos jogos (p 0.05). No instrumento que avaliava o estigma, os dois grupos mostraram preocupação frente ao medo das pessoas na possibilidade de ocorrência de uma crise. Na escala de autoeficácia, percebeu-se dificuldade em lidar com questões relativas a solucionar dúvidas com os profissionais da saúde. Especificamente em relação ao conhecimento sobre epilepsia avaliado no GE houve aumento percentual e estatisticamente significativo em todas as questões (p 0,01). No que tange a percepção do estigma, a autoeficácia e ao autoconceito, ao comparar-se as médias obtidas pelas 80 crianças e adolescentes do GC e do GE, as mudanças foram estatisticamente significativas com aumento nas médias pré e pós jogo (p 0,05). Quando comparada a diferença entre as médias do GC e do GE usando cada jogo, observou-se que o Game Epilepsia elevou mais os valores do autoconceito global quando comparado ao Food Force (p 0,001), mas não foram observadas modificações na percepção de estigma e autoeficácia. Adicionalmente ao se considerar a variável gênero, observou-se que percepção do autoconceito global, da autoeficácia e do estigma das meninas é estaticamente mais positiva que a dos meninos (p 0,05). De acordo com a Classificação de Cohen, a correlação entre autoconceito e autoeficácia mostrou-se moderada (r = 0,38), entre autoconceito e estigma mostrou-se forte (r = 0,59) e entre estigma e autoeficácia foi fraca com r = 0,20 (p 0,05). Destaca-se a importância de intervenções voltadas a crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia e o potencial dos serious games como ferramenta na construção do aprendizado, modificação de comportamentos e fortalecimento de sentimentos e atitudes mais positivas perante às doenças crônicas. Conclui-se que esta pesquisa permitiu a disponibilização de instrumento voltado a identificação e caracterização da autoeficácia em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia, além de um serious game que poderá ser utilizado por crianças que não tenham a doença. / Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological conditions of childhood affecting 5 to 10 children per 1,000. Epilepsy, as a chronic condition can pose risks to the physical, social-emotional and cognitive development, increasing psychosocial morbidity. Lack of knowledge about the disease, stigma and labeling elements can interfere in self-perception the children and adolescents with epilepsy leading to changes in self-efficacy and self-concept. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a serious game in the self-concept, self-efficacy, perceived stigma and knowledge of children and adolescents with epilepsy and compare the perception of these children when using other serious game involving the issue of world hunger; perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) and present a version in Portuguese for use in Brazil; develop a serious game aimed epilepsy theme for children and adolescents with this condition; describe and characterize the perception of children and adolescents with epilepsy as the self-concept, self-efficacy, stigma and knowledge about epilepsy. To achieve the proposed objectives, we divided the study into three investigative axes. The first is related to the description of the methodology and results of cross-cultural adaptation of the Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) carried out based on the steps of translation, synthesis of translations, back translations, analysis of Conceptual, Semantics, Idiomatic and Cultural or Experimental Equivalences made by a committee of experts, in addition to the pre-test and Final Version Evaluation. The results indicated Percentage of Agreement, the four equivalences between 90 and 100%, reaching to the Brazilian version of the SSES-C. The second investigative axis turned to the methodology for developing serious game aimed at children and adolescents with epilepsy appointed by the researchers as \"Game Epilepsy\". The game of the construction process involved a multidisciplinary team and was based on a story with adventure features, resulting in a serious game with type point and clik games. The player can choose which character you want to play and throughout the game are covered conceptual, clinical and psychosocial epilepsy. The third investigative hub was developed at the Clinic Epilepsy Children\'s Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo by inviting patients to be part of a group called the Control Group (CG) and the other experimental group (GE), each consisting of 40 children and adolescents of both sexes aged between 8 and 14 years. Both the GC as the GE responded to the Family Characterization Form and Child, the Stigma Scale for Chronic Diseases, the Brazilian version of the Self-efficacy Scale for Children with Epileptic Seizures and Self Scale Piers-Harris. Only GE responded to a Knowledge Questionnaire Epilepsy developed by the researchers. The GC was submitted to therapy with a serious game called \"Food Force\", developed by the United Nations, whose theme is world hunger, while in GE used the \"Game Epilepsy\" and both answered the instruments before and after play. Both GC and GE were composed of 23 boys and 17 girls whose average age was 10.7 years. GC´s children and adolescents showed a significant increase in the Self Scale score of Piers Harris before and after played games (p <= 0.05). On the instrument that measured the stigma, both groups showed concern facing the fear of the people in the possibility of a seizure. In the self-efficacy scale, it was perceived difficulty in dealing with issues to resolve doubts with healthcare professionals. Specifically in relation to information about epilepsy evaluated in GE percentage increase was statistically significant in all matters (p <= 0.01) Regarding the perception of stigma, self-efficacy and self-concept, when comparing the averages for 80 children and adolescents of GC and GE, the changes were statistically significant increase in mean pre and post game (p <= 0,05). When compared to the average difference between the CG and EG using each set, we observed that the \"game\" epilepsy elevated plus the overall self values when compared to the \"Food Force\" (p <= 0.001), but no changes were observed in the perception of stigma and self-efficacy. In addition to considering the gender variable, it was observed that perception of global self-concept, self-efficacy and stigma of girls is statically more positive than boys (p <= 0.05). According to Cohen\'s rating, the correlation between self-concept and self-efficacy was moderate (r = 0.38) between self and stigma proved to be strong (r = 0.59) and between stigma and self-efficacy was weak with r = 0.20 (p <= 0.05). We emphasize the importance of interventions aimed at children and adolescents with epilepsy and the potential of serious games as a tool for learning construction, behavior modification and strengthening of feelings and more positive attitudes to chronic diseases. We conclude that this research allowed the provision of instrument aimed at identification and characterization of self-efficacy in children and adolescents with epilepsy, and a serious game that can be used by children who do not have the disease

The topic of this thesis is the self-concept of school success of a pupils with autism spectrum disorder. It focuses on academic self-concept and academic self-efficacy as two important and related concepts. These concepts are also compared. We know from available researches that pupils with autism spectrum disorder have lower self-concept in some areas than normal pupils. This research project aimed to compare the self- concept of school success with pupils with autism spectrum disorder with a normative sample of normal pupils and also with pupils with other difficulties in each category. Questionnaire method and interview were used. The results show that child with autism spectrum disorder have just a higher self-concept of orthography than normal child. Also they have higher self-concept at maths, reading, orthography, writing, self- confidence and global score of self-concept than dyslexic child. Next they have higher global self-concept and self-concept of maths than child with mild brain dysfunction. The others scales showed no statistically significant difference. The interview showed that about 40% of children with autism spectrum disorder don't like math and 40% of children with autism spectrum disorder have problem in maths. KEY WORDS Autism Spectrum Disorder, self-concept, academic...

The thesis deals with the problems of a young adult human being's self-concept from the psychological point of view. The influence of the social elements on the start in an adult life can be observed through individualism, consumerism and quality of life, which all affect the two most important parts of life ? the work and human relations. The main part of the thesis focuses on the self-concept issues of a young adult in correlation to the (dis)satisfaction in the social roles as all the roles include various expectations. The dissatisfaction can be caused by preferring the ideal "myself" which is not in accordance with the actual requirements of the social environment. This can have a negative impact on the self-concept and individual's functioning within the community and society. The individual turns his attention to the social worker when having self-concept problems that might result in mental difficulties. The theoretical starting points are applied to some particular areas of the social work (social work with the young adults, social work with families, marital and family consultancy).

This research explored the perception of the incorporation of ‘future-self’ for young people (YP) moving from specialist provision for children where the Local Authority have identified the provision as Moderate Learning Difficulties and additional needs, their parent/carers views, and the perspectives of professionals supporting their transition to mainstream further education. The ‘future-self’ approach had its basis in social cognitive theory, as the creation of imagined ‘future-selves’ is thought to influence an individual’s behaviour to aid them to work towards their aspired self (Baker, 2015; Markus & Nurius, 1986; Oysterman & James, 2011). Phase one used a case study methodology using semi-structured interviews to explore the YP and their parent/carer’s experience of transition planning having included the young person’s vision of their ‘future-self’, at aged 16. Materials were designed to aid their understanding using visual support. Phase two gained the views of YP using focus groups as they approach transition out of FE at aged 19 or older into continued training, employment, and on towards adulthood, in relation to inclusion of their vision of their ‘future-self’ in this preparation. This phase also explored the perceptions of the professionals for incorporating the young person’s view of their ‘future-self’ using semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six stage thematic analysis to identify themes in the data. Focus groups were thematically analysed using Ritchie and Spencer’s (1994) five stage analysis. A number of themes were found for the YP at both stages, the parents/carers and the professionals. Findings indicated that the YP are more involved in the transition planning and a range of methods are applied to prepare the YP however there are a number of barriers still limiting the options for the YP such as: lack of choice available, protectiveness of others, low aspirations, failure to explore holistic longer term outcomes, insufficient multi-agency involvement, overreliance on parents, and the need for more effective strategic planning and awareness of the systems around the YP. The findings from this research indicate that applying a ‘future-selves’ approach for YP as a method to generate future aspirations to motivate YP’s behaviour has been effective as a tool to add to existing transition preparations. This could act as a way to overcome the currently existing poorer long term outcomes for YP with this population. Based upon this small scale project, further investigation would be required to assess the benefit for a wider population.