PRADŽIA - tai instaliacija apie kūrybą, mano kūrybos pradžią. Nuo didžiojo sprogimo atsiradus mūsų visatai joje yra terpė egzistuoti mums, o toje kosiminėje erdvėje yra vieta ir kūrėjui, tapytojui (ne tik asmeniui). Mąstymai apie didžiąsias visatos paslaptis, apie mūsų vietą pasaulyje, apie kūrėjo, menininko poziciją, apie kūrinį, inspiraciją, - tai laukas, kuriame radosi šie darbai, kiekvienas iš jų nešantis informaciją apie tam tikrą kūrybos etapą, tam tikras kūrybos pradžios ištakas. Studijų metu siekiau konceptualaus temos pagrindimo: savo teoriniame darbe „Instaliacija konceptualiojo meno kontekste“ domėjausi konceptualizmo ištakomis it instaliacinais elementais. Konceptualūs ir technologiniai ieškojimai suformavo mano magistrantūros studijų temos turinį. Kūrybinio proceso pradedamoji stadija – pradžia – man yra gruntuojama drobė, šiuo atveju popierius, eskizavimas, meditatyvus buvimas studijoje su kūriniais ir darbo priemonėmis, eksperimentavimas: vinys paliekantys Kristaus kontūrus studijos sienoje, sapno įvaizdinimas ir pan. Temos turinį stengiausi perteikti ne tik vizualinėmis priemonėmis, bet ir ekspozicjos galimybėmis: kiekvieną naują erdvę apmąsčiusi darbus taikiau pagal diktuojamas erdvės technines ir emocines sąlygas. Nors ir tokios pačios tematikos, skirtingose erdvėse taikomi darbai perteikė ir papildomą informaciją, kaip, pavyzdžiui, Homo Ludens menų forume rodyta instaliacija „Pradžia. Tikėjimas“ buvo apie tikėjimo pradžią, jo pobūdį kiekvienam... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / It‘s an installation about creation, about my own ouvre. Ever since the Big Bang our universe is place where we egsist, and in this space we also have place for a crator, painter (not only as a person). Thoughts about the big wonders of the universe, about our position in the world, about creator‘s, artist‘s position, thinking about inspiration and creation, - this is the field in with these works were created, each of them bearing specific information about specific part of creation. Conceptual and technological research helped to form my master studies‘ concept. The beginning to me is new canvas, in this case paper, skeching, maditation in my studio space, being with my works and matterials, constant experimenting: nails that leave a trace of Jesus‘s figure on the wall, visualisation of a dream, etc. To express the content of my concept, I‘ve not only used visual measures, but also different expositions: thinking through every exposition space, I decided on individual expositions that expressed slightly different concept each time. Intuition, spontaneity, visual vaguesness, skechiness, etc. are very important in my work process. I try to avoid using very direct pictures, to me it‘s important to match visual and emotional perceptions.

In this paper I argue, with many leading commentators, that Kant is a conceptualist. I support this conclusion, argued for independently by Hannah Ginsborg and John McDowell, by appeal to the analyticity of Kant’s apperception principle in the transcendental deduction. I argue that the apperception principle, if taken as an analytic proposition, implies that any mental representation that figures into discursive cognition is the product of a priori synthesis. I further argue that making a priori synthesis a condition for the possibility of any mental representation is sufficient to make mental representation conceptual in the relevant sense. This, I argue, strongly suggests that Kant is a conceptualist.

Conceptual practices developed in Colombia towards the end of the 1960s and into the 1970s. Even a cursory look at surveys of Colombian conceptual art shows that the collective El Sindicato, active between 1976 and 1979, secured its space in these accounts with its 1978 work Alacena con zapatos, which won the top prize at the XXVII Salón Nacional. However, Alacena con zapatos was neither the only, nor the most significant, contribution of El Sindicato to the development of conceptual practices. The collective’s rich oeuvre, while concise, was nonetheless remarkable in its interventions on public spaces as a means for social change. A number of factors have led to the critical misunderstanding and, ultimately, the historiographical neglect of these interventions. This thesis problematizes these factors in order to reframe and expand El Sindicato’s role within the narrative of Colombian art. To elucidate El Sindicato’s contributions, and taking into account that much of Colombian conceptual art remains unknown in the United States, this thesis also registers Colombia’s artistic field as it stood in the 1970s. In all, my project situates El Sindicato’s practices within the broader narrative of Conceptualism as a means to both enrich our understanding of contemporary art in Colombia and help expand the familiar boundaries of the map of conceptual art. / text

The master’s thesis titled “Book – Letter to Mankind” may be characterised as having an unexpected solution of depicting a letter. The collection comprises various art techniques of leather work including the author’s technique. The works are distinguished by their novelty, the delicate thematic solution and the application of aesthetic qualities of used materials. The principal object of the collection is the book as a letter bearing its own history, the interrelation between a man and a letter and an attempt to express this idea within the creative activity. It is a three-piece collection aiming at the development of the main idea “Book – Letter to Mankind”. The collection of works was performed with the reference to the trends of Conceptualism. The used materials include natural leather, pasteboard, textile, blocks of old books and few auxiliary materials. The reference was made to the works of conceptual art as well. After the analysis of the topic through the creative process and theoretical research the author of this master’s thesis came to the conclusion that any object bearing some information of mankind could be qualified as a letter.

M.Litt. et Phil. (Clinical Psychology) / People are deeply influenced by what they believe. Their basic epistemology is embodied in everything they create, material or otherwise. Thus, for example, every person's epistemology is reflected in his behaviour. Psychology is more and more aware of this aspect and there are studies and literature investigating the presuppositions of individuals as possible sources of pathology. There are further studies investigating the prejudices of psychological theories in an effort to expose their suppositions. The possibility of these theories contributing to the creation of pathology is investigated. Furthermore there are studies that describe the general intellectual spirit of an epoch. This time-spirit can influence people living in the same era to the extent that they can look, think, feel and act in a similar way. This study tries to identify the present general time-spirit that would contribute the most to the creation of a certain epistemology in the broad life-attitude of the man on street. The spirit of the Reasonable and Scientific Enlightenment is identified as the most prevalent force and influence in the life of western man. The specific presuppositions of this school of thought are described. It is then indicated to what extent these prejudices generate certain pathological effects. Furthermore it is seen how these suppositions facilitate a particular cognitive style, namely exclusive dualistic conceptualisation, and how it can create anxiety. An attempt is made to identify the so-called new and Post-Modernistic time-spirit that is developing in other disciplines and which is opposing the spirit of the Enlightenment. This study suggests that the prejudices of the ecosystemic and interactional models in Psychology can be reconciled with the presuppositions of Post-Modernism. The possibility that the epistemology of Post-Modernism can have a healing effect on the .symptomatic behaviour facilitated by the spirit of the Enlightenment, is put forward.

Este trabalho compreende a tradução diretamente do russo de textos poéticos do escritor pós-modernista Dimitri Prigov, reunidos na coletânea intitulada Cinqüenta Gotas de Sangue num Meio Absorvente, e uma exploração teórica de aspectos relevantes da estética a que se filia a obra: o conceitualismo russo. O papel de enfrentamento representado por essa estética com relação aos padrões canônicos da literatura e a natureza das inovações por ela introduzidas em matéria de estratégias lingüísticas - no ambiente de cultura que marcou o fim do regime soviético - são questões que transparecem do desenvolvimento do tema. Secundariamente, ficam também evidenciadas as relações que estabelece entre o visual e o textual nas artes russas bem como a força do substrato histórico de que se vale no processo de criação poética. / This work comprehends a directly translation from Russian of the poems digest Fifty Drops of Blood in Absorbent Medium, wrote by the postmodernist poet Dimitri Prigov, and a theoretical exploration on the main issues of the aesthetics which his work is affiliated, the conceptualism. The confrontational role represented by this aesthetics, related to literary canonic patterns and the innovations introduced by it on matters of linguistic strategies - in a cultural environmental of ending soviet regime - are all them kind of questions which surges from the development of the theme. Secondary the work evidences too the relationship between the visual and the textual in Russian arts, established by the aesthetics, as well the power of history\'s sub-extracts in the creation process of poetry itself.

Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento da rede de arte postal na América Latina desde o seu início no final da década de 1960 até a sua presença da XVI Bienal de São Paulo em 1981. Para isso, são retomadas as redes latino-americanas de trocas de poesia experimental estruturadas na década de 1960. Em seguida, são descritas as trajetórias de alguns dos protagonistas da arte postal nesta região, bem como as exposições e publicações coletivas que eles organizaram. Nesse momento, são abordadas as manifestações da rede de arte postal na Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, El Salvador, México, Uruguai e Venezuela. Por fim, é analisado o caso específico do Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo (MAC USP), explicitando como essa instituição conectou-se organicamente à rede. Esta pesquisa tem como ponto de partida acervo de arte conceitual do MAC USP e acompanha a expansão da rede a partir das grandes mostras coletivas realizadas entre 1972 e 1981 na América Latina. Além disso, destaca a relação da arte postal com as ditaduras militares como decisiva na caracterização desta prática entre os latino-americanos. / This study is about the development of the mail art network in Latin America since its beginning at the end of the 60s until its presence on the XVI Biennial of São Paulo in 1981. For this purpose, the Latin American networks of experimental poetry exchange, structured in the 60s, are recaptured. After this, the trajectories of some of the mail art protagonists in this region are described, as well as the collective exhibitions and publications that they organized. At this point, the demonstrations of the mail art networks in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela are approached. Finally, the specific case of the Museum of Contemporary Art of the University of São Paulo (MAC USP) is analyzed, explaining how that institution connected itself organically to the mail art network. This research starts with the conceptual art collection of the MAC USP and follows the expansion of the network from the large collective exhibitions performed between 1972 and 1981 in Latin America. Besides that, it emphasizes the relation between mail art and the military dictatorships as a decisive part of the characterization of this practice among Latin American.

An exploration of the mythologized narratives that the work and lives of Conceptual artists Bas Jan Ader, Ana Mendieta, and Francis Alÿs have created and inspired. By virtue of their biographies, the fetishization of their personalities, and the ways in which this anecdotal information can be read in their work, mythologized narratives have been constructed, allowing for a prolonged interest existing within and without the confines of the art world. These mythologies come together as part of the oral tradition of the art world, a chronicling of narratives that incites continued interest for future generations.

<p>For more than three decades the Moscow-based conceptual artist group "Collective Actions" has been organizing actions. Each action, typically taking place at the outskirts of Moscow, is regarded as a trigger for a series of intellectual activities, such as analysis, interpretation, narration, and description. The artists have systematically recorded and transcribed these activities, collecting and assembling texts, diagrams, and photographs in a ten-volume publication entitled "Journeys Outside the City." Five volumes of this publication concern the activities of the group before, and five after, 1989. Over the years the "Journeys Outside the City" became an idiosyncratic, self-sufficient aesthetic discourse arrayed along a constellation of concepts developed by those engaged in "Collective Actions." In its elusive hermeticism and self-referentiality the aesthetic framework constructed by these artists formed a closed system, gathering bundles of signs that seldom referred to anything concrete outside the horizon of Moscow Conceptualism. It is in this regard that the early volumes of the "Journeys Outside the City" can be compared to the similarly closed ideological discourse of the Soviet Politburo. After 1989, however, with the transition from socialism to capitalism, the aesthetic and artistic language of this group began to change as its text-based self-sufficient system began to open up under pressure from new socioeconomic conditions introduced by the processes of democratization and liberalization. </p><p> My dissertation "Transition in Post-Soviet Art: `Collective Actions' Before and After 1989" is neither a history of nor a monographical work on "Collective Actions," but rather an analytical exploration of aesthetic, artistic and institutional changes that have transpired in the "Journeys Outside the City" during the transition from socialism to capitalism. As the artists migrated from one art historical category into another (from the status of "unofficial artists" to that of "contemporary artists"), their aesthetics and art revealed a series of stylistic, technical, formal, textual, and aesthetical transformations and metamorphoses that paralleled broader cultural conversions taking place in post-Soviet and Eastern European art during the transition to capitalism.</p> / Dissertation

SUMMARY Temporary and permanent shells are found in nature which transform with a growing organism and change their form while the organism develops or they are get rid off and grow up again thgrough the living cycle they serve as means of protection. In some cases, we can compare shells with person‘s emotinion states. Individ‘s innerworld, in which, he for some reasons closes in, we can call „shelter“ – he closes in willingly, in other cases the shell might be thrusted by other subject, or by other psychologically or physically stronger individs. Willinglly closed individ, is followed by such subjects as: closeness, not communicating, not improving, torpidity, separation from the world, from inovation. Individ closes in himself, separates from society, feel push off, misundertood. Either society is closed for individual for his not knowing, unwill to understand, to accept him the way he is, for losing relations, for interests missunderstanding, for difference of psichical possibilities. This is a topical issue which excites the minds of not only ordinary people but also artists, sociologist and scientists.